chapter 13：The secret service(apparatus of information)

summary：diviner、to be aware the enemys situation or movement；the information concerning the enemy、five character spy of the method、holy wisdom、benevolence and righteousness、delicate、informed、dispatch、five character spy arrangement、do it by wisest expert)

十三　用間篇

提要：先知者、知敵之情者、五間之道、聖智、仁義、微妙、得、使、五間之事、上智為之

論述在戰爭前使用間諜，以事先得知敵情的重要性，主管、組織、建立、運用，諜報單位的要領原則，諜報人員的選訓、種類、特點、使用方式。

Sun Tzu said：Mobilization hundred thousand military strength and. transportation charges thousand mileage.

The common people expenses, the state(national) treasury salary payment.

The daily expenditure will amount to a thousand pieces of gold.

孫子曰：凡興師十萬，出兵千里，百姓之費，公家之奉，日費千金。

孫子說：只要是動員上十萬的兵力，將兵力送到千里以外的運輸，人民的消費，國庫的支出，每日的耗費的金錢是龐大的。

There will be commotion at home and abroad, and men will drop down exhausted on the highways.
As many as seven hundred thousand families will be impeded in their labor.
Hostile armies may face each other for years, striving for the victory which is decided in a single day.
This being so, to remain in ignorance of the enemys condition simply because one grudges the outlay of a hundred ounces of silver in honors and emoluments, is the height of inhumanity.
One who acts thus is no leader of men, no present help to his sovereign, no master of victory.

內外騷動，怠于道路，不得操事者，七十萬家相守數年，以爭一日之勝，而愛爵祿百金，不知敵之情者，不仁之至也，非人之將也，非主之佐也，非勝之主也。

國家內外因戰爭而騷擾動亂，在徵集與調度運輸與戰爭的過程中，人民無法從事正常工作，會有七十萬個家庭及工商業數年間受到影響，而這就是為了要在戰爭中取得勝利，而為了官位與金錢，卻不能察知敵人的情報的人，是最糟糕的，不能擔任將領，不是國君所能倚重的，更是不可能能得到勝利的。

Thus, what enables the wise sovereign and the good general to strike and conquer, and achieve things beyond the reach of ordinary men, is foreknowledge.

故明君賢將，所以動而勝人，成功出於眾者，先知也。

所以聰明君主與賢能的將領，所以能主動的戰勝敵人，建力輝煌的功積，就是能事先瞭解敵情。

Now this foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits; it cannot be obtained inductively from experience, nor by any deductive calculation.
Knowledge of the enemys dispositions can only be obtained from other men who understand the enemys situation.

先知者，不可取於鬼神，不可象於事，不可驗於度，必取於人，知敵之情者也。

事先預知敵情者，絕對不可迷信祈求於鬼神，也不能單看事情的外表去類此推測，不可據星象的運行度數進行驗證，一定要取之於人，也就是那些熟悉敵情的人。

Hence the use of spies, of whom there are five classes: (1)Local spies; (2)inward spies; (3)converted spies; (4)doomed spies; (5)surviving spies.

故用間有五：有因間，有內間，有反間，有死間，有生間。

運用間諜的方式共有五種，即因間、內間、反間、死間、生間，它們各有其特殊的作用，其中尤以反間最爲重要。要充分重視間諜在整個軍事活動中的地位，視他們爲親信，予以優厚的待遇，讓他們充分發揮自己的作用。

When these five kinds of spy are all at work, none can discover the secret system. This is called divine manipulation of the threads. It is the sovereigns most precious faculty.

五間俱起，莫知其道，是謂神紀，人君之寶也。

各種間諜的運用，而使敵人無法察覺，就如同神秘的力量，是國家與君主重要的工具。

Having local spies means employing the services of the inhabitants of a district.

因間者，因其鄉人而用之。

地區性間諜，由與敵方相關的人來選用。

Having inward spies, making use of officials of the enemy.

內間者，因其官人而用之。

敵方機構內的間諜，由敵方之相關人員擔任。

Having converted spies, getting hold of the enemys spies and using them for our own purposes.

反間者，因為其敵間而用之。

反間諜，當然是由敵方所派來的間諜予以策反來使用。

Having doomed spies, doing certain things openly for purposes of deception, and allowing our spies to know of them and report them to the enemy.

死間者，為誑事於外，令吾間知之，而傳於敵。

派出後不求生還的間諜，是為了欺騙敵人，讓我方要犧牲的間諜得知假情報，去使敵人受騙。

Surviving spies, finally, are those who bring back news from the enemys camp.

生間者，反報也。

派出後能歸還我方的間諜，是需要其攜帶重要情報自敵方回來的。

Hence it is that which none in the whole army are more intimate relations to be maintained than with spies. None should be more liberally rewarded. In no other business should greater secrecy be preserved.

故三軍之親，莫親於間，賞莫厚於間，事莫密於間。

所以各類軍種再如何的親密，當然是以情報單位的人員為首要的，獎賞也是以其為最高的，情報事務也當然以諜報人員為最高機密的。

Spies cannot be usefully employed without a certain intuitive sagacity.
They cannot be properly managed without benevolence and straightforwardness.
Without subtle ingenuity of mind, one cannot make certain of the truth of their reports.

非聖智不能用間，非仁義不能使間，非微妙不能得間之實。

沒有聖賢的智慧是不能運用間諜，沒有仁義道德是不能選派間諜，沒有察微見度的方法是不能分析出正確情報的。

Be subtle! be subtle! and use your spies for every kind of business.

微哉微哉！無所不用間也！

在那最隱密使人難以察覺到的地方！任何的情況下都能夠使用諜報人員收集情報！

If a secret piece of news is divulged by a spy before the time is ripe, he must be put to death together with the man to whom the secret was told.

間事未發而先聞者，間與所告者皆死。

間諜之事務在尚未行動時，如果發生洩密事件，該間諜組織與洩密者必需被消滅。

Whether the object be to crush an army, to storm a city, or to assassinate an individual, it is always necessary to begin by finding out the names of the attendants, the aides-de-camp, and door-keepers and sentries of the general in command. Our spies must be commissioned to ascertain these.

凡軍之所欲擊，城之所欲攻，人之所欲殺，必先知其守將，左右，謁者，門者，舍人之姓名，令吾間必索知之。

所選定敵之軍隊為必須攻擊的目標，必需攻擊之敵人城市，必定要瞭解其防守的主帥，在其身旁的幕僚，優秀的部屬，守衛之部隊，護衛之哨兵，家屬親戚，我方之諜報人員必須詳細調查。

The enemys spies who have come to spy on us must be sought out, tempted with bribes, led away and comfortably housed. Thus they will become converted spies and available for our service.

必索敵人之間來間我者，因而利之，導而舍之，故反間可得而用也。

必需要找出敵方派遣過來的間諜，給予適當利益，導引他留下，這樣反間諜戰就可以施行。

It is through the information brought by the converted spy that we are able to acquire and employ local and inward spies.

因是而知之，故因間、內間，可得而使也。

就是有以上的基礎，所以在敵人地區與內部的諜報人員，才能派出或選用。

It is owing to his information, again, that we can cause the doomed spy to carry false tidings to the enemy.

因是而知之，故死間為誑事，可使告敵。

就是有以上的基礎，所以派往敵方欺騙敵人的諜報人員，才能派到敵方以欺騙敵人。

Lastly, it is by his information that the surviving spy can be used on appointed occasions.

因是而知之，故生間可使如期。

就是有以上的基礎，所以派往敵方偵查敵人的諜報人員，才能取得正確的敵方情報資料。

The end and aim of spying in all its five varieties is knowledge of the enemy; and this knowledge can only be derived, in the first instance, from the converted spy. Hence it is essential that the converted spy be treated with the utmost liberality.

五間之事，主必知之，知之必在反間，故反間不可不厚也。

這五種諜報工作，君主必須要知道，而要知道必需由反間諜開始，所以在我方所捕獲敵方的間諜而能為我方所用的反間諜，必需要以優厚的條件收買。

Of old, the rise of the Yin dynasty was due to I Chih who had served under the Hsia. Likewise, the rise of the Chou dynasty was due to Lu Ya who had served under the Yin.

昔殷之興也，伊執在夏；周之興也，呂牙在殷。

商朝的興起其間，由於伊尹(摯)被商湯武王任以國政，幫助商湯攻滅夏桀，並潛入夏王朝內部以間夏；周朝的興起於周文王曾任商朝三公，呂牙(姜子牙)曾在商紂手下做事，周武王以他為謀士，呂牙在伐紂前親入商都探察情況，牧野之戰一舉滅商。