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Luke-Skywalker ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/01 00:01
2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

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NO:86_1
VOR ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/11 15:38
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

http://europe.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/east/02/10/china.pla/
China ramps up missile capability
Staff and wires
Monday, February 10, 2003 Posted: 0942 GMT

NO:86_2
Luke-Skywalker ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/11 22:13
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

http://news.yam.com/cna/china/news/200302/200302110165.html
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NO:86_3
Luke-Skywalker ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/13 00:03
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

http://news.yam.com/cna/international/news/200302/200302120459.html
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NO:86_4
Luke-Skywalker ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/13 09:14
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

http://news.yam.com/cna/international/news/200302/200302130013.html
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NO:86_5
VOR ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/13 14:48
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/afp/defense/030211091905.jlzv0xaz.html
China denies developing or firing weapons to counter US missile defenses

NO:86_6
VOR ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/13 15:37
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

Janes Intelligence Review
February 1, 2003
Pg. 10

Chinas Armed Forces Set To Undergo Face-Lift
New military leaders and a new defence white paper emphasise the Peoples Liberation Armys
mission to modernise, writes John Hill.

The Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) returned to political favour at the 16th National Party
Congress (NPC) in November 2002 when President Jiang Zemin announced that Deng Xiaopings fourth
modernisation - that of the military - will be made a priority.

Emphasising that China requires an army with fewer, better troops, Jiang said that: The army
must implement the military strategic principle of active defence and raise its defence
capabilities and combat effectiveness under high-tech conditions.

The PLA has spent the past several years in the cold as a result of the leaderships
dissatisfaction with the militarys handling of the US EP-3 spy plane incident, and its missile
rattling during the Taiwan presidential elections in 1996, a tactic that backfired by turning the
electorate towards a pro-Taiwan independence candidate. The appointment of professional soldiers
to key positions and the promise of funding increases suggest that the leadership is prepared to
re-emphasise the task of military reform.

Chinas military is unusual in that its existence predates the formation of the state; the PLA
was founded in 1927, more than 20 years before Mao declared the Peoples Republic on the Tiananmen
rostrum in 1949. As such, the PLA is in a sense the armed wing of the Chinese Communist Party
(CCP), controlled by the partys Central Military Commission (CMC) rather than the ministry of
defence, and has a political as well as a military role. Therefore, a major party event such as
the NPC is by definition a major event for the PLA. The November congress elected a new Central
Military Commission (CMC), and in the weeks that followed, it appointed new personnel to key
positions in the PLA and published a new defence white paper.

The new leadership

One of the most controversial outcomes of the congresss deliberations was the decision to allow
Jiang to retain his position as the chairman of the CMC, although he is stepping down as CCP
general secretary. Technically, at 76, Jiang is too old to be reappointed, and furthermore, by
implication, having such a dominant figure in the CMC chair who is not the party leader may risk
undermining the traditional military subservience to the party. However, Jiang is following the
model set by Deng Xiaoping who stayed on for two years after stepping down from the party
leadership. It may be that Jiang, by emulating Deng, is attempting to consolidate his position as
one of Chinas great leaders, or it may be that he hopes to carry on influencing events in China
much as Deng did.

Jiang was the first Chinese leader to have no military experience; nevertheless, his standing
with the PLA is good, and 64 of the 81 men appointed to the rank of general since such ranks were
re-established in 1988 owe their promotion to him. Jiang also wooed the military with significant
budget increases, and his superiority to Hu Jintao, (now CMC vice-chairman, and similarly lacking
in direct military experience) will make him a continuing powerful voice in military affairs.

Membership of the CMC is dependent on membership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party.
The PLA holds 40 seats on the 198-seat Central Committee. The CMC, the top military body, has been
reduced from 11 to eight members.

Under Jiang and Hu come the PLAs representatives. At the November congress, existing CMC members
generals Guo Boxiong and Cao Gangchuan were promoted to the two remaining vacant positions of vice
chairman, following the departure of Defence Minister General Chi Haotian and General Zhang
Wannian, both of whom were well into their seventies. This represents the end of the generation
that began its military career in the revolution, and reflects the switch in the politburo (on
which both men also occupy seats) to the leadership of the so-called fourth generation - so-called
because in terms of policy there is no break. All the appointees have held high office in the
outgoing administration. However, as this is indeed a post-revolutionary generation, there is
the possibility of a shift in attitude and emphasis, as well as in military approaches. The old
guard learned its trade when what is sometimes referred to as human wave tactics of the Korean
war were in the ascendant.

Zhang Wannian had an impressive military career from revolutionary times on, serving as a military
adviser in Vietnam in the 1960s and returning there in the disastrous Vietnam war of 1978 to lead
his division to one of the PLAs few military successes. Filling his formidable shoes as the
senior war-fighting PLA figure on the CMC will be General Guo Boxiong. A former commander of the
Lanzhou military district, which covers the sensitive Xinjiang province, General Guo, 59, will be
responsible for the running of the CMC. A relatively young man, he has been promoted ahead of more
senior figures through Jiangs intervention. He is credited with introducing an imaginary blue
army for the PLA to fight in more realistic exercises designed to expose PLA weaknesses. His most
recent job was as the deputy to the chief of general staff.

In addition to his position on the CMC, General Cao, 67, is expected to take over the largely
ceremonial office of defence minister at the NPC in March. He is a technocrat with a career in
ordnance and procurement rather than direct military command, which some suggest may give him
problems in dealing with the heads of the military districts. He used to head the General Armaments
Department and is responsible for the recent substantial purchases of modern weapons from Russia,
a country he studied in. He is thought to have special expertise in missiles. He is an appropriate
choice for replacement of the cosmopolitan Chi Haotian, having travelled, and having a reputation
for being similarly easy to deal with. His promotion is expected to accelerate the process of
modernisation through the introduction of high technology.

The other four members of the new CMC are General Xu Caihou, 59, and three newcomers, generals
Liang Guangli, 61, Li Jinai, 60, and Liao Xilong, 62. They were also swiftly appointed to the top
positions in the four departments of the General Headquarters of the PLA.

General Xu, who has risen through the political wing of the PLA will now head the General
Political Department. The new head of the Department of General Staff is more of a soldiers
soldier: General Liang was commander of the important Nanjing military region (the command that
would be responsible for any military engagement with Taiwan), and before that commanded the
Shenyang military region in the northeast. General Li will now head the General Armaments
Department where he had been political commissar. The final seat is taken by General Liao, who
had been commander of the western Chengdu military region, which includes Tibet. He will now head
the General Logistics Department.

The new make-up of the CMC is not thought to be particularly hardline, or hawkish on issues like
Taiwan, but will nevertheless emphasise the building-up and modernisation of the PLA. In early
August 2002, during a military exercise in Shanghai, General Liang Guangli said: Taiwan is the
sacred territory of the motherland. Taiwanese independence means war. While bellicose-sounding,
this is actually the official position on the Taiwan situation.

One specific sign of moderation is that General Xiong Guangkai remains as deputy chief of general
staff under its new chief Liang Guangli. Xiong, whose career was in intelligence, is a
controversial figure who made veiled threats to attack Los Angeles with nuclear weapons during the
1996 Taiwan missile crisis. He was also implicated in attempts to fund the Clinton presidential
campaign in the same year. He is not by any means being sidelined, however, having been put in
charge of the recently warmed-up military relationship with the USA.

The new defence white paper

Issued on 10 December, this is the fourth white paper on Chinas defence posture since the
government began to publish its policies in 1995. The paper is a useful indicator of the broad
sweep of Beijings military concerns, which are equally focussed on internal and external threats:
to conduct operations of defence, and, if necessary, to maintain social order in accordance with
the law, as it states.

The goals and tasks of Chinese defence policy as described by the paper can largely be summed
up in terms of the basics of Chinese insecurity, the three Ts: Taiwan, Tibet and Tiananmen -
or, more generally, stopping separation; realising complete reunification of the motherland;
and stopping armed subversion and safeguarding social stability by preventing rioting and the
subverting of state power - a fear nowadays directed as much at the restless urban and rural poor
as at ethnic minorities or students - though recent student protests in Hefei provoked sufficient
concern in Beijing to cause the direct intervention of a senior politburo figure to get the
students demands attended to, in a reflection of insecurity regarding rapidly rising levels of
graduate unemployment.

The white paper continues to emphasise military modernisation, as well as a strategy of active
defence. The last few years have seen progress on this road due to a rapid rise in spending
(from 121bn Yuan in 2000 to 169bn Yuan in 2002, a still low 1.5% of GDP, although Western analysts
consider the figures to be understated). The white paper attributes the rise partly to salary
increases and improved conditions for PLA personnel, partly to the demands of the international
war on terror, and partly to improved equipment and spending on high technology.

Chinas defence industry is spread among 11 major industrial groups. Modernisation of the industry
is predicated on restructuring it to introduce competition between a batch of internationally
competitive conglomerates... operating independently and responsible for their own profits or
losses. The PLA already contracts out in that it employs civilian services to carry out a
range of activities for the General Logistics Department, and this process of socialisation of
logistical support in non-combat units will continue. Procurement decisions will also follow a
more Western model of public bidding and tendering. According to a report in The Peoples Daily
on 9 January 2003, the Chinese defence industry broke even in 2001 after eight years in the red.
The industry is urged to leapfrog in technological advances: the idea is that China can, with
one bound, catch up with the West rather than be forced to labour through the intermediate stages.
There is little detail of what specific systems this might apply to, and what detail there is
applies to civilian applications of military technologies, notably the Long March rocket which
has launched 27 foreign satellites, and intends to put a manned craft into space in 2003. This
will be seen as evidence of Chinese catch-up or, indeed, of overtaking all but the USA and Russia
and, if successful, there will be a major national celebration of its achievement.

The section on armed forces-building gives priority to training, a vital issue that is often lost
in the emphasis in Western reporting on new weapons systems, although again detail is lacking,
other than general reference to the use of high technology and the citing of large-scale (and
well-reported) exercises held in summer 2001 to test joint-operations ability with respect to
Taiwan in the Nanjing and Guangzhou military districts. Experts have stressed to JIR that while
the PLA is in the process of seriously developing its amphibious warfare capacity, such exercises
that periodically raise tensions across the straits are not exercises in the Western sense of the
word, designed to test capacities, reveal shortcomings and so on, but are rather more in the way
of stereotyped demonstrations. While reflecting an ambition to achieve joint operations they
are not as yet properly joint.

Jean-Pierre Cabestan of the French Centre for Research on Contemporary China in Hong Kong, and
an expert on the PLA and the Taiwan issue, plays down the efficacy of the PLA, particularly with
regard to what most see as the main task for which it is being prepared: the possibility of a
forced reunification of Taiwan with the motherland.

The key element of the Chinese threat to Taiwan lies in its build-up of conventionally armed
ballistic missiles across the straits in Fujien. Estimates of the number in place vary, but 300
is at the lower end of the range. The possibility of surgical (acupuncture) strikes by these
weapons has been mooted, the goal being to gradually wear down the Taiwanese infrastructure to
the point that they would capitulate before heavy destruction or casualties took place or a real
battle for the island was fought. Cabestan suggests that this exaggerates the accuracy of the
current systems, and that in reality a blitzkrieg-style attack would as yet be the only effective
option in military terms.

According to Cabestans analysis, the whole Chinese military stance towards Taiwan is old-
fashioned diplomacy, the intent being to intimidate rather than actually invade. Despite key
arms acquisitions, the PLA remains unable to project its power effectively over the sea, and the
much-heralded arms build-up across the straits is of psychological force only, and will remain
so for some time to come.

Under National Defence Building is a subsection on participating in and supporting the
development of the western region, an area usually (though not specifically described here)
considered to mean the Tibet, Qinghai and Xinjiang autonomous regions. In the western region,
the PLA and the Peoples Armed Police between them have more than 1.5m troops and 450,000
motor vehicles and machines. Much of the white papers detail concerns development work -
tree-planting, infrastructure-building, helping the poor and needy, and so on, although it
also states that the army has opened five military airports, more than 200 military rail
lines, 30 oil pipelines, 70 communication lines. The army has huge compounds in Xinjiang,
where the military is effectively colonising the territory, an interpretation backed up by
the white paper, which describes how the armed forces have encouraged or persuaded demobilised
soldiers from densely populated areas to settle in the west.

The paper also deals with the war on terrorism, stressing Chinas support for international
co-operation, while also emphasising the need to act through the UN on the basis of conclusive
evidence, clear targets and the norms of international law. It also suggests the need to
address root causes of terrorism such as the north-south gap, as well as its symptoms. This
concern is also reflected in the section on disarmament, which stresses Chinas opposition to
the proliferation of WMD and their means of delivery, while also holding that efforts of
non-proliferation should not be confined to non-proliferation itself and should also include
the identification and resolution of its root causes. Predictably, the document also stresses
Chinas opposition to Theatre Missile Defence (TMD) especially to any country which provides
Taiwan with TMD assistance in any form.

Procurement of new systems

Some Western analysts have interpreted Chinas recent substantial acquisition of Russian
equipment to achieve its modernisation goal as a sign of weakness. However, for every major
Russian system purchased there is a comparable Chinese-developed system in train, in what can
be seen as a dual-track approach to acquiring modern and balanced forces. An expert observer
on the Russian trade with China told JIR that this dependence on Russia was a strictly
temporary phenomenon, and that China would achieve its goal of independence in arms production.
For example, the Russian Sovremenny destroyer, of which two have been delivered with another
two improved versions (type 956ME) on order, has added a powerful new dimension to the Navy
of the Peoples Liberation Armys (PLAN) capability with its 160km range 3M-80E (SS-N-22
Sunburn) anti-ship missiles. But the navy is also in the process of acquiring the 6,000 ton
052B destroyer, a domestic design. The PLAN operates and is acquiring further Kilo class
submarines from Russia, but is continuing with the upgrade of its own Song conventional type,
as well as a new SSBN, the 094.

Likewise, in terms of combat aircraft, emphasis in the West has been given to the Russian heavy
fighters, the Sukhoi SU-27/30 family, which gave the Air Force of the Peoples Liberation Army
(PLAAF) its first really competitive type for many years. Twenty-eight SU-27s Flanker have
been delivered including trainers, as well as 38 Sukhoi SU-33s Flanker D; delivery of a second
batch of 38 is in process, and a third order of 38 anti-ship variants just announced. The Chinese
have also the right to build 200 aircraft in Shenyang under licence. Difficulties had been
reported in quality control, but the most recent reports attributed to Russian technicians
suggest factory facilities are now superior to those in Russia.

However, this Russian aircraft is being rapidly followed by the Chengdu-produced CAC J-10, a
largely domestic development, though probably benefiting from Israeli experience on the cancelled
Lavi. It has recently been reported that 10 are already in service in the Nanjing military
district. An agile canard-delta design, with a capable Russian-sourced radar capable of
multitracking, it gives every indication of being an effective addition to Chinas armoury. In
addition, a lightweight combat aircraft, the CATIC FC-1 Super-7, apparently with input from
the cancelled Mikoyan MiG-33 programme, has been developed at Chengdu in conjunction with
Pakistan, although the PLA has not yet committed to it. This is an F-16 Fighting Falcon
equivalent, the low cost of which raises the possibility of substantial export interest. There
has also been a substantial redevelopment of an older type in Xian to produce the XAC JH-7A
strike aircraft, powered by two Rolls-Royce Spey engines produced under license in China. The
three aircraft industry groups involved: Shenyang, Chengdu and Xian are all part of China
Aviation Industry Corporation-1.

Each type may be capable of being produced at a rate of 30-50 per year to give the PLAAF a
balanced range of types able to operate at high, medium and low altitude, at close to long
ranges, in numbers able to match Taiwans F-16s and Mirages by 2005/6. The JH-7A even gives
China an effective purely offensive weapon. A new cruise missile, the C-803 (YJ-83), was fired
from a JH-7A in November that surprised US watchers with a range of 155m - twice what was
expected, putting the firing aircraft well out of range of the US Navys newest surface-to-air
missiles. As regards more powerful strike aircraft, the deputy director of the Centre for
Strategic and Technological Analysis, Konstantin Makiyenko, was quoted by ITAR-TASS news agency
on 2 January suggesting that, although prospects were currently poor, in the medium term, in the
context of Taiwans increasing military strength: Chinese interest is being stimulated, for
instance, in such a powerful and expensive aviation system as the [Tupolev] Tu-22M-3
[Backfire]. Close air-support may remain a PLAAF weakness, however.

In terms of the demand for fewer, better troops, current PLA doctrine is following the US
model, with divisions being split into brigades, which will form the main operational unit.
Also like the USA, the army is acquiring lighter and more easily deployable wheeled armoured
vehicles, with China North Industries Corp developing a range of such vehicles including a
version armed with a 120mm gun, somewhat on the pattern of the Italian Centauro VBC armoured
personnel carrier. Weighing 20-30 tons these vehicles have the advantage of being transportable
by aircraft such as the Ilyushin Il-76 operated by China.

Dr John Hill is a freelance writer specialising in Asian security.


NO:86_7
VOR ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/13 15:57
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

http://jczs.sina.com.cn/2003-02-09/106773.html
·í¥´Ä¹¥ý¾W¡X¡X°OªÅ­x¯èªÅ§L¬Y¹Î¹Îªø±`¤B¨D
http://jczs.sina.com.cn
2003¦~2¤ë9¤é 19:01 ¥ú©ú¤é³ø

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NO:86_8
Luke-Skywalker ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/13 16:07
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

NO:6_27

SK2 ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/09 22:35
Re:2003 ¦~ 1 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

China tests missile designed to foil US defences: report
TOKYO, Feb 9 (AFP) - 09:39 GMT - China has successfully test-fired a medium-range ballistic missile equipped with multiple warheads to confound missile defences being developed by the United States, according to a Japanese daily.
China launched the Dongeng-21 missile, believed to carry multiple re-entry vehicle warheads, from a military base in northeastern Shanxi Province in mid-December, Yomiuri reported at the weekend, quoting unnamed sources in Beijing.

It was believed to the first successful test launch of a missile with multiple warheads for China, the report added.

The missile test was seen as a significant breakthrough as the technology was primarily targeted at breaking through missile defences being developed in the United States.

China last tested the Dongeng-21 missile, which is believed capable of delivering nuclear or conventional warheads up to a range of 1,800 kilometres, in July last year.

A 1997 report issued by the US Air Force Air Intelligence Centre estimated some 50 of the missiles had been deployed at bases around China, including those close to the North Korean and Vietnamese borders.

US officials also estimate China has deployed up to 400 ballistic missiles which could strike Taiwan within eight minutes.

Beijing has repeatedly threatened to invade Taiwan if it declares independence after their split in 1949 at the end of a civil war.

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/afp/defense/030209093958.rafd1z52.html


NO:86_10
Luke-Skywalker ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/14 20:03
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

http://news.yam.com/cna/international/news/200302/200302140225.html
¬ü³øºÙ«X°ê³Ìªñ¦A¹B¥æ¤@§å¾Ô¾÷µ¹¤¤°ê¤j³°

¡]¤¤¥¡ªÀ°OªÌ³¯¥¿ªNµØ²±¹y¤Q¥|¤é±M¹q¡^µØ²±¹y®É³ø¤µ¤Ñ¤Þ­z¬ü°ê±¡³ø©x­ûªº¸Ü³ø¾É»¡¡A«Xù´µ¦b¹L¥h¤@­Ó¤ë·í¤¤¡A¤w¦A¹B¥æ¤@§å¥ý¶iĬ³Ï¤T¤Q¢Û¢Ù¢Ù¾Ô°«ÅF¬µ¾÷µ¹¤¤°ê¡A¥¼¨Ó¨Ã±N¦AÄ~Äò´£¨Ñ¡C

³ø¾É»¡¡A«X°ê­x¤õ¥X¤f¤@¦V¬O¤½¶}¶i¦æ¡A¦ý¦b¥_¨Ê­n¨D¤U¡A«X°êµªÀ³¦bÂಾ­«­nªZ¾¹¨t²Îµ¹¤¤°ê®É¥H«O±K¤è¦¡¶i¦æ¡C

³ø¾É¤Þ­z¥¼¨ã¦W±¡³ø©x­ûªº¸Ü»¡¡A¦³¸ñ¶HÅã¥Ü¡A«X°ê­p¹º´£¨Ñ·s«¬¦Ó¥B©Ê¯àÀu¨}ªº¢Ï¢á¢w¢°¢¶£AªÅ¹ï¦a­¸¼u¡A°µ¬°¹ï¤¤°ê¥X¤fĬ³Ï¤T¤Q¢Û¢Û¢Ù¥æ©öªº¤@³¡¥÷¡C

³ø¾É»¡¡AĬ³Ï¤T¤Q¢Û¢Û¢Ù¬O¤¤°ê­x¤OÂX¥R¦æ°Ê¯à¨£«×³Ì°ªªºÀô¸`¤§¤@¡C³ø¾É¨Ã»¡¡A¥x®ü¨â©¤­x¤O¥­¿Å¦b¤¤°ê¤H¥Á¸Ñ©ñ­x¿n·¥ÂX¥R­x¤Oªº±¡ªp¤U¡A³vº¥¥Ñ¤j³°¨ú±o¤W­·¡C³ø¾É¥¼´£¨ì«X°ê´£¨Ñ¾Ô¾÷ªº¼Æ¥Ø¡A¶È»¡¤w¸g¹B¥æµ¹¤¤°ê©Î¥¼¨Ó±N¹B¥æªº«X»sªZ¾¹¥]¬AĬ³Ï¤G¤Q¤C«¬¾Ô¾÷¡B¢Ï¢w¢´¢¯ªÅ¤¤¦­´Á¹wĵº[ºÞ¨î­¸¾÷¡B¢Û¢ñ¢w¢°¢¶ª½¤É¾÷¡B¢Ï¢Ï¢w¢°¢±ªÅ¹ïªÅ­¸¼u¡B²{¥N¯ÅÅX³vÄ¥¡B¢á¢Ï¢w¢°¢¯¢á¢Ï¢w¢°¢´¦a¹ïªÅ­¸¼uµ¥¡C


NO:86_12
VOR ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/15 17:10
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

µØ²±¹y®É³øªº¾Ô¾÷¥æ³f³ø¾É­ì¤å¡R
http://www.washtimes.com/national/20030214-78651571.htm

NO:86_13
WILLIAM ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/19 10:31
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

2003.02.19¡@ ¤¤°ê®É³ø
Äè¤Q¾Ô¾÷ ·Ó¤ù­º¦¸Ãn¥ú
ÉQ¼Ö¸q/¥x¥_³ø¾É
http://news.chinatimes.com/Chinatimes/newslist/newslist-content/0,3546,110505+112003021900072,00.html

¤¤¦@³Ì·s¬ã»sªºÄè¤Q¾Ô¾÷¡]J¢w10A¡^·Ó¤ù¡A¤é«e­º¦¸¥Zµn¦b¤j³°¥¿¦¡µo¦æªº­x¨ÆÂø»x¡u©Z§J¸Ë¥Ò¨®½ø¡v¡A¨Ã¥Ñ©x¤è¡u¤dÀs¡v·s»DºôÂà¸ü¡AÅã¥ÜÄè¤Q±N²æ¤U¯«¯¦­±¯½®i²{©ó¥@¤H²´«e¡C¥i¾a®ø®§ºÙ¡AÄè¤Q³]­pªº¥D­n¹ï¤â¬O¥xÆWªºF¢w16©M¤é¥»ªºF¢w2¾Ô¾÷¡C

¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A¤¤¦@¾Ô¾÷¦b¥X¼t¸Õ­¸®É¡A¤j¦h¦b­¸¾÷©|¥¼¼Qº£«e¶i¦æ¡A¾÷¨­ÃC¦â¬O¨¾ùתº¶À¦â¡A¦pªG¦b¼Qº£«á­¸¦æ¡A¥Nªí¸Ó¾÷¤w¾A¦X©óªÅ¾Ôªº»È¦Ç¦â¡C±q¡u©Z§J¸Ë¥Ò¨®½ø¡v¥Z¸üªºÄè¤Q·Ó¤ù¨Ó¬Ý¡A¨ä¾÷¨­§e»È¦Ç¦â¡A¨Ã±¾¸ü¡uÅRÆE¢w8¡vªÅ¹ïªÅ¾É¼u¡AÅã¥ÜÄè¤QÀ³¸Ó¸Õ­¸©w«¬¤w¸g§ë²£¡C


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¾Ú¤F¸Ñ¡AÄè¤Q±N©M¤¤¦@²{§ÐªºÄè¤K¢w¤G¡BĬ·_¢w27¡BĬ·_¢w30¤Î¨¾ªÅ¾É¼u¨t²Î§Î¦¨°ª§C·f°t¡Bºc¦¨¤@­Ó¤j±K«×¡B¤jÁa²`¡B°ª¤¤§CªÅ¤¬¬°­«Å|ªº¥ßÅ騾ªÅºô¡A¦]¦¹Äè¤Q¨¤¦âÃþ¦ü§Ú°êªºF¢w16¡A¨Ã¤O©é¤é¥»·s«¬F¢w2¾Ô¾÷¡C

±M®a«ü¥X¡AÄè¤QÁö¬°¤¤¦@²Ä¤@ºØ­Ý¨ãªÅÀu©M¹ï¦aÂù­«¾Ô¤Oªº°ê²£­¸¾÷¡A¦ý¥i¥HªÖ©w¡A¤¤¦@¦Ü¤µ¤´µLªk¸Ñ¨M¼Æ¦ì½u¶Ç­¸±±¨t²Î¡BÁl¨­¿Ä¦X»P¤j±À¤O´õ®°µo°Ê¾÷µ¥¤T¤j§Þ³N»Ùê¡A¦b¬Û·í®É¶¡¤º¡A³o¨Ç³£»Ý­n°ê¥~¤ä´©¡A«Xù´µ©M¥H¦â¦C§êºt­«­n¨¤¦â¡C

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NO:86_14
VOR ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/19 16:26
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

µL·s»Dºô§}¡A¤£¯à½T©w¯u°°¡C¦¨­¸°µªº·s¾Ô¾÷´N¤TºØ¡R
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«Ø¥ª5c¥ß·~¡B³ø®Ä¯ª°êªº°ª©ù¤æ§Ó¡A¥NªíÐÞ²Õ¦V¤j®aªí¥Ü±R°ªªº·q·N!

¡@¡@¼BÁ`¦b°Ê­û³ø§i¤¤¡A±j½Õ¤F¬Y«¬·sÉó¦b°ê¨¾«Ø³]¤¤ªº­«­n·N¸q¡A«ü¥X¤µ¦~©w«¬
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Ä~Äò«÷·i¡A¤´»ÝÄ~Äò¶W±`¤u§@¡¨­n¨D¡A¶i¤@¨B©úÚ̥ؼСA²Î¤@«ä·Q¡A±j¤Æ²{³õ«ü´§
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¡@¡@±ß¤W¡A¼B°ªÐÓÁ`¸g²z³]®b©Û«Ý¶°¹Î¤½¥q¾n²{³õ°Ñ¸Õªº370¦h¦W¬ì¬ã¤H­û¡A¥L¦b¯¬
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¨Ø¡C¡¨ ³o¨Ç¤j³¡¤À¤w¦b¤jºz¤à¾À¤u§@¤K¡B¤E­Ó¤ë¡A³s¬K¸`¤´°í¦u±^¦ì¾Ä¾Ô¥[¯Zªº°Ñ
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NO:86_15
VOR ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/19 16:30
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

¦¹¤å»¡¬O FC-1

------

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2003-02-19 09:41:48
¡@¡@¨Ó¦Û¯èªÅ¨t²Îªº®ø®§ºÙ¡A¤µ¦~¡A¤»¤@¤@©Ò©Ó¾áµÛ­«ÂI«¬¸¹¡§¤@Éó©w«¬¡A¨âÉó­º
­¸¡¨µ¥¦h¶µ¥ô°È¡A¦b¶W¤C­¸Éó¸Õ¨î²{³õ¡A¾¤u­Ì¥¿¤ëªì¤T´N¶}©l¥¿¦¡¤W¯Z¡A©Ò³]­p
¥Nªí«Ç°í¦u±^¦ì½ü¬y­È¯Z¡A¬ÛÃö±M·~µ²ÌÛ¡B¹qÉa¡BÁ`Åéµ¥³]­p¤H­û¤£Ã㨯³Ò©¹ªð¸Õ
¨î²{³õ¡A¤Î®É³B²z¸Ñ¨M¦UÏú§Þ³N°ÝÃD¡C³]­p¤H­û­Ì¬O»{¯u­t³d¡A¤@µ·¤£­e¡A¸g±`¤u
§@¨ì«Ü±ß¡C¸g¹LÉD¡B©Ò³]­p¤H­ûÉO¤u¤H®v³Å¦@¦P§V¤O¡A¬K¸`´Á¶¡¡A¸Õ¨î²{³õ¥¬³]­¸
±±¹qÆl©M¾ÉºÞ¨ú¼Ë¤u§@³£¶i®i¶¶§Q¡A¤u§@²{³õ¼ö¤õ´Â¤Ñ¡C
¡@¡@
¡@¡@®ø®§ºÙ¡A¤é«e¡A¤»¤@¤@©ÒÁ`³]­p®v§º¤åö{¡B·¨°¶¤w«e©¹¦è½u°Ñ¥[¥Ñ¶°¹Î¤½¥q²Õ
´¥l¶}ªº²{³õ¿ì¤½·|¡A§V¤O°µ¦n¦U¶µ¤u§@¡AÚÌ«O­«ÂI«¬¸¹©w«¬¤u§@¨M¾Ô¶¶§Q¶i¦æ¡C


NO:86_16
VOR ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/19 16:41
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

¥­¥i¤Ò¦b¸â¤ó¥Zµnªº­ì¤å (©ó¤@¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­xÄæ¤¤´£¨ì)¡R
JANES DEFENCE WEEKLY - FEBRUARY 05, 2003
Yihong Chang JDW Correspondent
Toronto

The Chinese Peoples Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) Type 052A destroyer Harbin
(112) has emerged from refit with a number of upgraded weapon systems.

Harbin, the first of two Type 052A ships, entered service with the PLAN
in July 1994. Originally equipped with eight YJ8-1 ( C-801) surface-to-surface
guided weapons (SSGWs), its recent refit has seen the ship re-equipped with
16 box launchers believed to house the more modern YJ8-3 (C-803) weapon.

According to Chinese sources, the YJ8-3, first displayed in October 1999,
is a 150km-range SSGW executing a supersonic terminal phase.

In another change, the French-supplied Crotale surface-to-air missile system
originally installed aboard Harbin has been replaced by the indigenous HQ-7
(FM-90N) system. While HQ-7 is a development of Crotale, the decision to
fit the indigenous system appears to reflect PLAN confidence in the superior
performance of HQ-7. It will also simplify support across the fleet.

Sources from the China Aerospace Science & Industry Corp (CASIC) suggest
that the FM90N missile used by the PLAN incorporates some technology from
the FM2000 system to improve performance against sea-skimming anti-ship
missile threats.

Harbins 100mm twin-gun mounting has also been modified to feature a new
low radar-cross-section gunshield.


NO:86_17
VOR ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/19 16:44
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

¦P¼ËµL­ì·s»Dºô§}:

------

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µØ¦è³q¥Î¯èªÅ¤½¥q¦b­ì¦³ªº¹B5B«¬­¸ÉóµLªkº¡¨¬°ª­ì¡B°ª¤s­¸¦æªº±¡ªp¤U¡A²v¥ý¦b
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Õu¤¶²Ð¡A¹B12IV«¬±N¥Î¤_¯èªÅ»»·P¡B¤H¤u¼W«B¡B´ËªL¨µÅ@©M¼½Ïúµ¥¶µ¥Ø¡C¦P®É¡A¦b
¥Á¯èÁ`§½§å­ã¦Z¡A±N§â¹B12E«¬Éó¥Î¤_©wÂI¤½°È­¸¦æ¡BªÅ¤¤´åÄý¡B¤E¹ë·¾´ºÂI¤ä½u¹B
¿éµ¥»â°ì¡C


NO:86_18
WILLIAM ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/20 11:01
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

¤¤¦@ºM³¡¤ÀªF«nªu®ü­¸¼u³¡¶¤
http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR1/1201539.shtml

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¤¤¦@­x¤è¤H¤h«ü¥X¡A¤¤¦@¦b¤µ¦~¹A¾ä¦~«e«á¡A±qªF«nªu®ü±N³¡¤À¨Ó¦Û¦è¥_Äõ¦{­x°Ï¾n²Ï¦bºÖ«Øªº­¸¼u³¡¶¤²¾¨¾¦^¦è¥_¾n¦a¡C

¥Ø«e©|µLªkÀòª¾¡A³o§å³¡¶¤¬OÄݩ󥿱`½ü½Õ¡AÁÙ¬OºM¨¾¡C¤¤¦@©x¤è«h§C½Õªí¥Ü¡A¤¤¦@¦³Åv¦b»â¤g¤º³¡¸p¥ô¦óªZ¾¹¸Ë³Æ¡A¥ô¦óªº½Õ°Ê¤]§¡ÄÝ¥¿±`¬¡°Ê¡C

¦³Ãö¤H¤h»{¬°¡A¤¤¦@¦¹Á|¬O¤£§Æ±æ­¸¼u³¡¸p°ÝÃD¡AÄ~Äò¦¨¬°¥xÆW·í§½«ü³d¤¤¦@ªº¤@­ÓÂǤf¡A¤]¬Oªí¹F¤¤¦@½w©M¨â©¤Ãö«Y¡Bª§¨ú¥xÆW¥Á¤ß¡B±H§Æ±æ©ó¥xÆW¤H¥Áªº¤@¶µµ½·NÁ|°Ê¡C

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¥_¨Ê¬ã¨s¬ü°ê°ÝÃDªº¾ÇªÌ«h»{¬°¡A¤¤¦@³¡¸p­¸¾É¼u¥D­n¦Ò¼{¦³¤T¡G¤@¬O°Ï°ì¦w¥þ¡A¤G¬O¡u¤¤¡v¬ü­x³ÆºÞ¨î»PªZ¾¹ÂX´²¡A¤T¬O¨â©¤Ãö«Y¡C¥Ø«e¤¤¦@¦ü¥G¨S¦³ºM°£­¸¼uªº¥i¯à©Ê¡C¤×¨ä¡A¦pªG¤¤¦@§Æ±æ¬ü°ê¯à¦]¤¤¦@ºM°£­¸¼u´N°±¤î¹ï¥x­x°â¡A¤¤¦@¥i¯à·|¥¢±æ¡C

¥Ø«e¤¤¦@¦bªF«nªu®ü³¡¸p¥|¦ÊªT¥i¥H§ðÀ»¥xÆWªº­¸¼u¡C¥h¦~¤Q¤ë¶¡¡A¤¤¦@°ê®a¥D®u¦¿¿A¥Á³X°Ý¬ü°ê§J³ÒºÖ¹A³õ®É¡A´¿¥D°Ê¦V¬ü°êÁ`²Î¥¬§Æ½Í¤Î¡A¤¤¦@Ä@·NºM°£­¸¼u¡A¥H´«¨ú¬ü°ê°±¤î¹ï¥x­x°â¡A¥¼Àò¬ü°ê­«µø¡A¥xÆW¤]»{¬°¬O¤¤¦@«Å¶ÇÉ«­Ç¡C

¡i2003/02/20 Áp¦X³ø¡j



NO:86_19
WILLIAM ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/21 11:08
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

¤j³°¹ï¥x¼u¹D­¸¼u ¦~¼W75ªT
http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR1/1203320.shtml

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¬ü°ê°ê¨¾³¡ªº¥xÆW¨Æ°È©x­ûªí¥Ü¡A¤¤°ê¤j³°ºË·Ç¥xÆWªº¼u¹D­¸¼u¨C¦~¦Ü¤Ö¼W¥[75ªT¡A¨ì2005¦~ªºÁ`¼Æ¥i¯à°ª¹F600ªT¡C°ê¨¾³¡ªÅ­x¤¤®Õ¥v¦«§J´µ»¡¡G¡u¥xÆW­±¹ïªº¬O¥þ¥@¬É³Ì¥i©Èªº¶Ç²Î¼u¹D­¸¼u«Â¯Ù¡C¡v¬ü°ê¬F©²©x­û¦b¬ü¥x°ê¨¾¤u·~¯µ±K·|ij¤W¡A´°«P¥xÆWÀ³¾¨§Ö§G¸p¤Ï­¸¼u¨t²Î¡A¤Ï¨î¤¤¦@¿E¼Wªº¤¤µuµ{­¸¼u«Â¯Ù¡C

¡i2003/02/21 Áp¦X·s»Dºô¡j



NO:86_20
VOR ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/27 08:06
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR1/1209757.shtml
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µe¡A¸Ó¶°¹Î±N¥[±j¥~¶Tµo®i¡A§Æ±æ¦b¡u¤Q¤­¡v´Á¶¡¹ê²{¶i¥X¤fÁ`
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¤j³°¥X¤fªº­x¥Î­¸¾÷°£¤FÄè¤C¡BÄè¤K¨t¦C¥~¡AÁÙ¥]¬A³QºÙ¬°¡u¶W
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NO:86_21
VOR ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/27 08:07
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

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VOR ¡@©ó¡@2003/02/27 08:42
Re:2003 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¸Ñ©ñ­x­x°ÊºA°Å³ø

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