Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

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flak  於 2003/01/21 14:46
Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

自從冷戰結束後,歐美海軍都面臨無船可打的窘境。不像海軍陸戰隊有法律保護,在美國國會與審計部的大刀之下,任何一支部隊找不到「生命的意義」就等著被宰。所以,美國海軍在上個世紀末提出了沿海作戰的觀念,也就是「從海上來」(From the Sea),就是海軍上陸的先聲。隨著波灣戰爭、科索夫衝突....西歐各國海軍也加入了攻打老陸的行列,頓時,陸地目標成為人人垂涎的大餅。

美國海軍部長Vern Clark 在去年發表的海軍未來願景「Sea Power 21」(http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/proceedings.html)中,將海軍兵力劃分成三個基本要素:Sea Strike、Sea Shield與Sea Basing。其中Sea Strike就是以攻陸為主要目標。本欄收集各種海軍打陸軍的新聞與評論,海軍打海軍或海軍打空軍的就不要來了。


NO:61_1
flak  於 2003/01/21 14:53
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

李高佛的核子潛艦當年可是權傾天下,取代航艦成為海軍每年搶錢的主角。但時不我與,當蘇聯垮台,中國炸得到幾個義勇兵地窖都成問題的時候,龐大昂貴的核子彈道潛艦就成了國會大刀的目標。生命的意義在想辦法活下去,美國海軍開始將彈道潛艦轉換成飛彈潛艦,以在未來傳統戰爭中取得一席之地。

戰斧飛彈是另一個有趣的故事,它的特色在於射程極長,達1000浬以上,在海軍各式艦載機之上。所以它能夠進行深入敵境的戰略性攻擊任務,即便JSF服役之後,這個地位仍不會改變。原本的戰斧飛彈是可以換裝傳統彈頭,但美國海軍開新生產線生產的戰術型戰斧就只使用傳統彈頭,利用新一代科技而能作得更便宜。
Successful Tomahawk Launch Aboard Florida Precursor To SSGN Conversion Experiment

(Source: US Navy; issued Jan. 17, 2003)

ABOARD USS FLORIDA --- Two Tomahawk missiles were successfully launched from a missile tube of USS Florida (SSBN 728), an Ohio-class fleet ballistic missile submarine, in demonstration and validation (DEMVAL) tests earlier this week in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of western Florida.

The successful launches provided confirmation that a key element of the planned conversion of SSBNs to SSGNs ­ the delivery of conventional weapons from the submarine’s missile tubes ­ will work.

“This first at-sea launch should demonstrate that all the modeling and engineering estimates, calculations and predictions were correct,” said Capt. Brian Wegner, SSGN program manager. “All signs point to the fact that the entire concept is feasible.”

The first launch on January 14 was of an instrumented Tomahawk Block III missile configured with an MK 106 Rocket Motor Assembly to obtain a boosted energy profile similar to the Tactical Tomahawk missile currently in development. The unarmed missile was launched vertically from one of the submarine’s missile tubes and transitioned to cruise flight, flying its planned mission at the Eglin Air Force Base C Range using global positioning satellite navigation, with recovery occurring at Eglin.

A second launch on January 16 was also successful. While very similar to the first test, instead of launching a Tactical Tomahawk-type missile, the second test launched an unarmed instrumented Block III missile configured with an MK 111 Rocket Motor Assembly to obtain a normal Block III missile boosted energy profile.

For both tests the missile was placed within a Multiple All-Up-Rounds Canister (MAC) in such a configuration that it was similar to the tightly packed cluster of Tomahawk All-Up-Rounds (AURs) planned for SSGN Trident tubes. An instrumented test vehicle was collocated in the Trident launch tube to measure the effect of nearby launches on adjacent missiles.

“This was a test of the MAC more than anything else,” noted Wegner. “We wanted to make sure that in the design of the MAC we mitigated risks associated with a missile firing in close proximity to others.”

The DEMVAL included the collection of underwater launch risk assessment data, which will be used in the system development and design for the MAC being performed by Northrop Grumman with the Navy’s Strategic Systems Programs (SSP) serving as the design agent.

The MAC will provide the support structure for up to seven Tomahawk AUR missiles in each of the large diameter Trident tubes on an Ohio-class submarine. To date, the MAC development process has included conducting land-based DEMVAL tests as part of an overall risk reduction plan culminating in this week’s at-sea launches.

USNS Waters (T-AGS 45), a launch area support ship, also participated in the DEMVAL test. The ships radar gathered information that will supplement other accumulated test data.

The test also provided underwater videotape for evaluation of launch phenomenology, temperature and pressure transducer data related to hatch opening, closure and adjacent closure survivability, debris radar data for characterization of debris patterns, and flow field instrumentation from above the launch tube for correlation with launch models. This data will be analyzed and used to correlate the results of previously completed ground-based DEMVAL testing and computer-based simulation.

The at-sea DEMVAL was coordinated by the SSP, in conjunction with the SSGN Program Office, Naval Sea Systems Command, and the Tomahawk Missile System Manager, Naval Air Systems Command.

The SSGN at-sea DEMVAL test is being followed by and coordinated with the Giant Shadow experiment next week in the Bahamas. The experiment, the first Limited Objective Experiment under the Chief of Naval Operations Sea Trial initiative, includes an Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance and Nuclear-Biological-Chemical Force Protection Mission Experiment in support of special operations forces utilizing the same submarine.

The SSGN at-sea DEMVAL test and Giant Shadow experiment demonstrate the advantages of the Sea Trial process, the key enabler for achieving the Navys Sea Power 21 vision.

These and future demonstrations will integrate war gaming, experimentation, and exercises into rapid concept and technology development that will deliver improved capabilities to the Fleet as swiftly as possible.


NO:61_2
flak  於 2003/01/21 14:57
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

最近的IDR說,法國已經批准了艦射Apache的計畫,射程將延長到1000公里以上。具有雷達/IR導引與GPS/地形導航能力。另外,好像是義大利有興趣作反艦/攻陸兩用彈,Apache也會競標。

另外,換裝噴射引擎的新一代飛魚照片也出來了,進氣道似乎是兩側,因為進氣孔蠻小的,看不太清楚。它將具有GPS導航能力,所以跟魚叉二代一樣都有攻陸能力。


NO:61_3
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/01/21 18:11
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

一波三折的飛魚後繼者,法國新世代反艦飛彈計畫:
1. ANS超音速反艦飛彈計畫:
八0年代末期,法國與德國協議共同研發下一代反艦飛彈,以分別作為兩國現役飛魚與魚叉反艦飛彈的後繼者,研發計畫的名稱為ANS,是一款配備新型液態衝壓發動機的超音速反艦飛彈,其性能指標要求奇高:最高時速2.5馬赫,最大有效射程250km級,終端掠海蛇行機動能力高達15G,但彈體重量確僅有850公斤上下(簡而言之,把比日炙飛彈更加嚴苛許多的性能要求塞在大小重量只有其1/4不到的彈體裡。);在發展當時,ANS計畫有艦射型、空射型以及直昇機發射型(大幅輕量化型,有效射程約30公里級)等衍生行提案出現,法國海軍認為,若將疾風艦載型與空射型ANS相搭配的話,將足以徹底改寫未來的海戰型態(對於絕大多數沒有向老美海軍那般強大的艦載航空/預警/長程區域防空戰力的海軍而言,來自兩百公里外疾風戰機上發射,2.5馬赫級,終端攻擊時還能做15G蛇行閃躲機動的超音速掠海反艦飛彈飽和攻擊,確實是和天譴無異。);然而由於其技術性能指標要求是如此之高,導致本計畫的研發成本耗費驚人,最後使得老德感到難以承擔而抽手,史上最強的超音速掠海反艦彈計畫也因此在九0年代初期無疾而終。

2. ANNG/ANF計畫:
ANS計畫因老德退出而取消之後,法國宇航集團並未因此氣餒,反而再接再厲的提出廉價版的超音速反艦飛彈計畫:ANNG(稍後更名為ANF);本計畫將現役飛魚飛彈的彈體與彈頭和為ANS計畫所研發的衝壓推進科技與電子系統相結合,以犧牲部分性能為代價,從而開發出一款成本造價合理的新一代超音速反艦彈;根據計畫要求,ANNG/ANF的基本性能要求為:最高時速2.2~2.6馬赫,最大有效射程180至200km級,終端掠海蛇行機動能力10G,可自現有飛魚飛彈發射管發射。雖然飛彈整體性能較ANS有所調降,ANF卻仍是當代所有同類系統中的頂尖者,老美海軍當年為了因應未來可能面對到的超音速掠海反艦彈威脅,曾評估過國內外所有能供艦隊平日練習防禦的超音速掠海靶彈,結果發現沒有一種靶彈足以模擬ANF的整體性能與所能造成的威脅程度。本計畫原先預定自2006年起進入成軍服役階段,然而老法國防部卻在2000年評估後認為:冷戰結束,蘇聯帝國瓦解之後,在可預見的未來裡,法國海軍並沒有面臨到什麼非得要ANF這種所費不眥的超級武器親自出馬方能克制的威脅,因此延宕凍結了本計畫至至少2010年以後再行展開;如今隨著飛魚三型計畫的正式定案,幾乎已可正式確定宣告本計畫含恨以歿了。

3. NSM匿蹤次音速反艦飛彈計畫:
本計畫是由法國與挪威共同合作開發,目的是作為挪威乃至整個北歐國家海軍共同的新世代長程反艦飛彈,最大有效射程超過150公里級;本計畫雖然是次音速反艦彈構型,但是全新的彈體設計極為著重雷達與紅外線匿蹤設計,且終端掠海攻擊時距離海平面的高度據稱只有一至三公尺左右(截至目前,世界上還沒有一種現役或研發中的艦載近迫/點防禦膽敢宣稱有能力攔截此一高度的掠海飛彈。),因此仍保有極佳的突防性能,可說是次音速反艦飛彈未來發展的典範。

4. MM40 Block III增程型飛魚次音速反艦/陸攻雙用彈:
由於全新反艦彈的研發計畫一再因經濟因素被擱置取消,而年近不惑的飛魚又日益逼近非汰換不可的年限,因此老法只好把腦筋動到大幅改良現役飛魚次音速反艦彈上,其結果就是本月23日正式批准的MM40 Block III增程型飛魚反艦陸攻雙用彈計畫。

在計畫中,增程型飛魚將以新型的渦噴發動機+火箭助推器取代現有的火箭發動機,最大有效射程也因此從現有的75km大幅增進至180km以上;改良型的彈體設計不但將飛彈的雷達截面積與紅外線信號特徵盡可能降至最低程度,同時也提供了更佳的加速性與機動性,從而顯著提升突防的成功率;新型的任務規劃軟體與導航模組,使得飛魚三的彈道飛行選擇更加複雜多變,令飛魚三能從多方向,多高度上對敵艦施以難以完全抵禦的飽和攻擊;而新式的J波段主動雷達尋標器與GPS全球定位系統,則不但賦予飛魚三型極佳的抗電子干擾能力,且能選擇鎖定海上或沿岸港口特定目標,予以精準打擊。

飛魚三的後勤維修支援,儲放與發射,將能完全沿用現有飛魚的相關系統,因此任何目前使用飛魚飛彈的國家海軍,在換裝飛魚三時幾乎不會遭遇到任何顯著困難;不過在講求和舊有系統兼容的同時,飛魚三也將考慮到和未來系統(如垂直發射)之兼容搭配。

根據目前計畫進度,飛魚三將於2004年進行首次試射,並於2006年正式進入量產成軍階段,陸續接替取代現有的飛魚家族成員。


NO:61_4
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/01/21 18:14
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

來自 一擊必殺AEON環宇軍武網 的新聞消息轉譯

在下先前在本版所提供有關SCALP海軍型巡航導彈射程將超過1000公里的外電消息終於獲得進一步確認了............


法國研製新型SCALP海軍型巡航導彈射程將超過1000公里
2002-11-26

  [美國《航空與航太技術週刊》2002年11月15日報導] 歐洲導彈設計局MBDA已開始了一個新的導彈項目,研製一種可裝備在法國與義大利聯合製造的新型[地平線級]護衛艦上的巡航導彈。此種導彈可為歐洲海軍提供強大的對陸攻擊能力,其威力可與美國海軍的“戰斧”式巡航導彈相媲美。
  
  作為導彈的研發計劃的一部分,MBDA已於9月份授予合同,開始一項為期兩年的產品界定及風險降低研究項目,預計全速生產將在2005年開始。
  
  法國方面最初曾向美國試探,希望購買其“戰斧”式巡航導彈,但結果並不樂觀,因此決定轉向國內自行研發。
  
  該導彈名為SCALP海軍型,將使用SCALP/“風暴影”空射巡航導彈的部件,其艦上發射型將在2010年前後開始服役,緊隨其後的是潛艇發射型,約在2012年進入服役。SCALP海軍型的射程將超過1000公里。
  
  SCALP海軍型將被作為法國海軍FMM級多用途護衛艦的主要攻擊性打擊武器。海軍總共準備購入17艘該級艦艇以及最少250枚導彈,用以裝備這些護衛艦及其Barracuda級攻擊型核潛艇。
  
  法國海軍的多用途護衛艦項目是與義大利合作的,義大利此次也將加入SCALP海軍型的研製工作,並將獲得10艘該級多功能護衛艦。
  
  目前預計多功能護衛艦將有兩種型號,一種主要用於對陸攻擊及反水面戰,另一種是反潛艇型。雖然關於護衛艦項目的細節還未被完全披露,但其使用的核心武器系統現已確定,包括一套Sylver垂直發射導彈系統,可發射MBDA的“紫苑-15”(Aster-15)或射程更遠的“紫苑-30”(Aster-30)導彈等。MBDA最近還接受了法國國防部的一項合約,以Sylver系統為基礎發展一種Aster和SCALP海軍型導彈都可使用的通用垂直發射系統。法義兩國還希望吸引更多其他的歐洲國家加入多用途護衛艦項目,尤其是比利時。


NO:61_5
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/01/21 18:17
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

拉法葉風不滅!!??
一擊必殺AEON環宇軍武網

繼“地平線”防空巡防艦合作 法國義大利將再合建27艘多用途巡防艦
2002-12-16

  [英國《詹氏防務週刊》2002年11月報導] 法國和義大利已簽署了一項協定,聯合為法國和義大利海軍建造27艘多用途巡防艦,總價值約150億歐元(149億美元)。這將是歐洲最大的海軍合作項目。法國需要17艘,義大利需要10艘。兩國將按比例分攤開發費用,有關工作於2004年開始進行,首艦定於2008年交付。
  
  參與該項目的公司包括在法-義“地平線”防空巡防艦項目中合作的法國艦船製造局和泰利斯公司;義大利泛安科納造船公司和芬梅尼卡公司。


NO:61_6
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/01/21 18:20
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

法國FMM未來通用巡防艦計畫
在陸續完成總計四艘的七千噸級地平線級防空巡防艦生產換裝工程之後,法國開始展開次世代通用巡防艦的研發生產工作;目前本計畫的縮寫代號為FMM,為求節省經費起見,這款新艦設計可能以三千五百噸級的拉法葉級巡防艦為基礎放大改良而成, 滿載排水量介於五千至六千噸級之間;法國方面目前預定生產十七艘本級艦,其中八艘為反潛型,九艘為陸攻型。

在武裝方面,目前已知可能配備於艦上的武器系統有:

1. 可以使用PELICAN家族彈底吹氣/火箭增程GPS精確導引炮彈(註一)的新型52倍徑155公厘長程打擊艦炮

2. 32管至48管的改良型多功能席瓦爾垂直發射器,可發射:
a. ASTER-15/30短程/中長程區域防空飛彈
b. 與俄羅斯合作開發的改良型四合一VT-1點防禦飛彈
c. 有效射程600至1400公里級的SCALP-NAVAL陸攻巡航飛彈 (根據某外文軍武網路消息說法,陸攻型FMM將攜帶多達32枚的此型陸攻巡航飛彈)

反潛型與陸攻型雖然因任務不同,而在部分武器系統的型式與數量上有所差異 (例如反潛型應該有搭載操作兩架NH90反潛直昇機的空間與能力,而陸攻型則只有一架;至於在艦炮火力方面,陸攻型使用的是威力強大的大口徑陸攻155mm炮,而反潛型用的則可能是輕小短薄,自衛用途為主的76或100mm中口徑快炮........),但基本上,兩者的雷達電子射控系統與武器系統仍將大同小異,保有極高的共通性。若一切發展順利的話,本級艦將可望自2008年起正式進入成軍服役階段,陸續接替取代兩艘分別在1974年與1977年成軍的Tourville 反潛驅逐艦,1979至1990年間陸續成軍的七艘Georges Leygues 反潛驅逐艦以及屆時殘存的數艘DEstienne Dorves級警戒護衛艦,成為法國海軍新一代的水面打擊與反潛主力。


註一:法國GIAT工業目前研發中的155mm彈底吹氣/火箭增程GPS精確導引彈: PELICAN, 預定配備於法國陸軍 (AUF-2自走炮, 凱薩輪型自走炮等等.....)與海軍 (FM2陸攻打擊型巡防艦等)上的39倍徑與52倍徑炮上服役; 目前研發中的彈型有兩款, LR彈底吹氣型的重量47公斤, 可用於法國陸軍現役的39倍徑與52倍徑炮上, 有效射程可達五十公里 (39倍徑炮)或六十公里以上 (52倍徑炮); VLR型火箭增程彈則是為陸軍52倍徑炮與海軍未來型155MM艦炮所研發, 重量61公斤, 有效射程超過八十五公里.

PELICAN家族的彈頭採模組化設計, 可視情況需要換裝不同功能的彈頭, 例如: ORGE人員殺傷/物資破壞雙效群子彈 (LR型可攜帶六十三枚, VLR型可攜帶七十七枚.), BONUS頂攻式精確導引反裝甲彈 (LR型可攜帶三枚, VLR型最多可攜帶四枚.), HE或縱火式反油庫彈頭甚至戰場偵查模組等等; 在GPS與廉價慣性導引模組導引下, PELICAN的CEP可達10公尺左右.


NO:61_7
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/01/21 18:25
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

英國FSC未來水面作戰艦計畫

皇家海軍計畫自2015年左右開始正式部屬本級艦,以取代現役的Type22闊劍級通用巡防艦與Type23鐵公爵級反潛巡防艦,預計總共部屬23艘。本級艦很可能採用老英目前正致力開發中的劃時代三體船設計,和同樣噸位大小,最高時速約28節的現役單體船艦相較,三體船艦理論上可使用同等動力推進達到約四十節的驚人高速,且還擁有多出約40%的甲板空間可供攜行大量武裝,並在靜音性能與節省燃油等方面的表現上亦顯著比同級單體船為優。雖然有如此諸多優點,三體船在維修上要比單體船麻煩,且能否和現有港口設施相配合亦有所疑問,因此本計畫亦有單體船設計(例如Type45改良型)作為後備方案,以防萬一三體船設計發展失敗時之需。

本級艦艇強調陸攻打擊、反艦作戰與反潛作戰方面的性能,至於防空方面則僅要求結合匿蹤設計與先進點防禦飛彈,足以自保即可;由於距離其正式建造服役的時間尚遠,目前尚難一窺其真實全貌,只能就皇家海軍的最新構思想法作一預測:

a.英國的船艦製造商為本計畫提出許多不同噸位等級的方案,從排水量四五千噸的經濟方案到排水量高達一萬四千多噸的宇宙戰艦級方案皆一應俱全;根據目前所知,皇家海軍最有可能採用的是6000至8000噸級的折衷設計。

b.雖然三體船設計可使此艦理論上有40節等級的最高航速,但為求節省經費成本,該計畫將只配備提供28~30節航速的動力系統,至少暫時如此。

c.雖然三體船設計可使該艦有充足空間配備大量垂直發射器,但是為求節省經費起見,其服役初期可能暫時只攜帶64具的垂直發射器。

d.初步預定配備:

@艦砲方面:155mm炮*1

@陸攻飛彈:
32枚,可能從老美研製的戰術型戰斧(有效射程1700km+)或後續改型和法國研發中,預定可在2009年左右實戰化的SCALP-NAVAL(有效射程介於600至1400km之間)巡航飛彈之中二選一,由於皇家海軍現役與近未來服役的水下核子動力攻擊潛艇均配備使用老美的戰斧家族巡航飛彈,故前者勝出機會明顯較高。

@反艦飛彈:
8~16枚,可能候選者為老美魚叉二式或英法合作研發中,有效射程三百公里級的SCALP-EG反艦型次音速匿蹤反艦飛彈。

@防空飛彈系統:
為求節省經費,本艦可能僅使用ASTER-15或ESSM之流的中短程短程防空飛彈作為近戰自衛之用,並以廉價的輕型主/被動式相位陣列雷達(例如荷蘭的APAR式主動相位陣列雷達,義大利的EMPAR或法國的ARABEL式被動相位陣列雷達等等....)進行指揮導引。

@搭載機:EH101或V-22 Osprey*2,UAV無人偵察載具。

#輕型反潛魚雷系統與近迫系統獎落誰家,仍有待進一步的消息。

FSC三體船設計最新構想性能諸元資料 

排水量(tonnes):
Light: 6,468 overall,
6,324 main hull, 72 each side hull;
Deep load: approx 8,000 total.

尺寸(metres):
165.2 length x 29.8 beam x 6.8m draft;
Main hull 165.2 x 11.6 x 6.8;
side hulls 46.2 x 2.4 x 1.6.
==================================================================
推進動力:

1. Integrated Full Electric Propulsion (IFEP); All machinery in located within the main hull.

2. Generators - 2 x 25MW WR21 ICR Gas Turbine Alternator system; 1 x 7MW Gas Turbine Alternator, 1 x 1MW Diesel or Gas Turbine Alternator (Harbour Duty).

3. Energy Storage: Batteries for 30 minute backup for minimum safety/combat load;

4. Propulsion Machinery: 2 x 20MW waterjets or CPPs, each by 20MW permanent magnet motors; 2 x 3.6 MW reversible and manoeuvrable waterjets, each driven by 3.6 MW permanent magnet motors.
=================================================================

航速: 35 knots max; 20 kts cruise.

作戰航程/持續戰力: 8200 nm @ 20 knots; 60 days.

武裝:

主炮:1 x 155mm(由老美的高性能AGS系統與老英自行研發的低成本陸基155mm/52倍徑自走炮艦載版競逐中)

陸攻飛彈:24 ~32Raytheon Tomahawk Block IV (TacTom) or MBDA SCALP Naval;

防空飛彈:32 Europaams Aster 15

反艦飛彈:8 McDonnell Douglas Harpoon Block II

近迫系統: 2 x 11 Raytheon Sea RAM.

反潛魚雷: ??

雷達電子系統:
Radars: Long Range Air/Surface Search: Alenia Marconi Systems S1850M; D-band
Surveillance & PAAMS Fire Control: BAE Systems Sampson Smartello MFR; E/F band
Navigation: Racal Decca Type 1008; E/F-band.
IFF: 1010/1011.
Countermeasures: Decoys: ?
ESM: Racal UAF-1 Cutlass; intercept: ?
ECM: ?

聲納反潛配備:
Sonars:
Either Ferranti/Thomson Sintra Type 2050 or new system; bow-mounted; active search and attack. Thomson-Marconi Type 2087; active low-frequency towed body with a VLF passive array.

Aircraft:
Large flight and hanger for 2 Westland Lynx HMA.8, or 2 x EH101 Merlin, or 2 x V-22 Osprey, or Unmanned Air Vehicles. (Stingray ASW torpedoes and Sea Skua ASuM missiles)


人員編制: [Target of about 100, plus ships flight]

首號艦預定成軍時間:December 2013


NO:61_8
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/01/21 18:26
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

舊瓶新酒:英皇家海軍新一代SSN—機敏級(ASTUTE)
機敏級SSN的開發目的,原來主要是為了取代自1973至1977年陸續服役的迅捷級SSN,以及頭兩艘特拉法加級SSN﹔然而由於FASM計畫的重新定義與大幅推遲,目前機敏級已經被視為取代皇家海軍旗下所有SSN(五艘迅捷級與七艘特拉法加級SSN)的唯一候選者,預定建造總數也將由原先的六艘大幅提升至九到十艘。自設計開始,機敏級即被要求能充分融入達成“Maritime Contribution to Joint Operations (MCJO)”,這包括替特遣艦隊護航、為兩棲登陸艦隊提供近接支援、擔任SSBN隨身護衛、以及和己方艦隊聯手或單獨執行反艦/反潛任務等,以成為皇家海軍在21世紀初執行國策主張時的得力助手。

機敏級SSN的主承包商為BAE Systems Marine (VSEL)股份有限 公司旗下,位於Barrow-in-Furness, England的造船廠,首號艦“機敏號”的鋼板切割工作於1999年11月開始展開,然而由於租借加拿大海軍的四艘擁護者級SS之重新啟封工作,整個造艦計畫因而遭到順延,第一件船殼組件直到2001年1月31日才正式宣告完工;就目前的造艦進度評估,首號艦將於2004年下水,2005年6月進行海測,並於2006年年底正式加入皇家海軍服役。二號艦“狙擊號”(HMS Ambush)預定於2002年底動工興建,預定2007年成軍;三號艦“狡詐號”(HMS Artful)則打算於2003年動工,預定2009年成軍;至於第二批次型的四至六號艦量產計畫也於2002年年底得到確認。

發展緣起︰

1987年的時候,VSEL公司便受皇家海軍所託,設計一款作為特拉法加級SSN後繼者的全新SSN︰SSN-20 “W class”;其為一款總重6000噸級,使用與當時正預定建造,配備十六枚Trident D-5 SLBM的“前鋒級”SSBN同型之新型壓水式核子反應爐,並配備有飛彈垂直發射器的全新設計SSN,並打算於1990年接受訂購量產;然而由於“前鋒級”SSBN 計畫的優先度較高,以及諸多預算排擠因素的影響下,最後該計畫終究未能成真,而迅捷級與特拉法加級的役期也因而被迫由原來的20~25年大幅延長至30年左右。

到了1991年八月, VSEL提出另一套新型SSN造艦方案來取代所費不貲的W級SSN計畫,新計畫主張以現有的特拉法加級SSN為基礎,在外型設計上做出最小幅度的改良,同時搭配最時下先進尖端的潛艦用動力/電子/武器系統裝備之後作為下代SSN主力;該新艦計畫最初預定於1994年接受首批訂單,並於2001年開始陸續成軍服役。

到了1998年的時候,英國的戰略防禦計畫有了重大轉變︰現有的12艘SSN編制將減少為10艘,因此頭兩艘退役的“迅捷級”SSN將無替代者,因此取代五艘現役“迅捷級”SSN的機敏級(在1998年時正式定名)SSN第一批次將只有三艘,但是在2002年時,將會有額外兩艘用於取代早期型特拉法加級SSN的第二批次型被訂購。到了2000年八月,由於特拉法加級SSN的接替者︰FASM計畫之預定成軍時間被推遲三年(2012-->2015),而特拉法加級的三號艦卻又得在2011年時除役,因此第六艘機敏級的訂購計畫也遂告確立。

到了今年五月,FASM計畫被全盤推倒重來,計畫更名為 Maritime Underwater Future Capability,至於其量產成軍計畫則被大幅推遲至2020~2030年間展開,. 因此為了維護十艘SSN建制,第三批次的機敏級量產計畫也就勢在必行了﹔雖然尚無正式官方確認,但根據USNI Proceedings (March 2001 edition)報導︰在2001年年底的時候,英國國防部已經決定了至少三艘的第三批次型機敏級SSN量產計畫。


船身設計︰

大體而言,機敏級SSN可視為特拉法加級SSN的放大改良版︰外型設計與船體性能表現與特拉法加級SSN相類似,但配備有最尖端先進的電子設備與武器系統,以及和新型SSBN─前鋒級相同的Rolls Royce PWR2壓水式反應爐;其生產建造方式採用全新的模組化建構方式藉以大幅降低造價與建造時間,其整體結構將由九件壓力殼組件,11件主要裝備模組以及30餘件次要系統模組所構成。BAE Systems Marine期望︰利用嶄新的建造方式,能減少機敏級SSN 25% 的設計工時以及30%的造艦工時,具體而言,當年水下重量5208噸的特拉法加級SSN從開工至正式成軍服役約需八年光陰,如今水下重量高達7200噸級的機敏級SSN則只需六年便可。

除了省時之外,新的造艦方式還能節省相當經費,例如機敏級的壓力殼建造費用亦比小上一號不止的特拉法加級SSN壓力殼來得低廉,這使得BAE公司可以儘可能的加大加寬機敏級壓力殼;機敏級SSN最寬處直徑達11.3公尺,除了容納體型龐大的PWR2壓水式反應爐之外,還使得武裝攜帶量由特拉法加級的24枚大幅提升至38枚,在整個西方世界海軍SSN中僅次於美國海軍水下重量重達9170噸級的海狼級SSN(50枚),且與美海軍計畫於2004年開始服役的維吉尼亞級SSN不分軒輊。


動力系統:

機敏級SSN採用Rolls-Royce出品的 PWR2壓水式反應爐+H核心套件設計,使其在整個服役生涯過程中均無須進行昂貴、費時且危險性高的核燃料再填裝作業;一如其前輩特拉法加級SSN,其亦採用了靜音性能極佳的水噴射推進系統,但是最大輸出功率則是特拉法加級SSN(15000匹馬力)的1.8倍以上:27500匹馬力。


整體設計性能表現:

截至目前為止,機敏級SSN整體性能表現的詳細數字尚未公佈明朗化,但是根據BAE企業集團的宣稱,和其前輩特拉法加級SSN 相較,其有著如下的優點與改進:
1. 最頂尖的全面整合式潛艦用作戰系統。
2. 1.5倍的火力攜行量。
3. 兩具劃時代的COM 10電子光學潛望鏡(無須穿透壓力殼)。
4. 所有的控制面均採用外部制動設計,以減少對壓力殼的穿透,並簡化艦尾控制設計的複雜度。
5. 數位化潛艦用控制與資訊處理系統。
6. 全面升級汰換特拉法加級SSN 上已經落伍的系統裝備,以增進效能並節省耗費。
7. 減少噪音輻射10~20分貝。

作戰系統:
機敏級的作戰系統,可說是科技上的一大躍進,其源自於為迅捷級和特拉法加級SSN終極改良階段所開發設計的戰術武器系統 (TWS)﹔其基本組成包括:
1. Astute 戰鬥處理系統:具有開放式電腦運算與資料呈現功能。
2. 2076型整合式聲納系統(包含艦艏、攔截、側舷與拖曳式聲納陣列)。
3. the Outfit UAP(4) 電子支援/偵搜裝備。
4. the FDDI-based 戰術武器系統資料鏈。

武器系統:
機敏級SSN具有六具533mm魚雷發射管與高達38枚的魚雷、飛彈、水雷等等的武裝攜行量;然而不若先前外界所預測的,類似後期型洛杉磯級SSN所配備的垂直發射系統並未配備於其上。

截至目前為止,機敏級SSN最可能使用搭配的主戰武器有:

一、戰斧Block III 陸攻巡航飛彈
這款由休斯公司(1997年12月被Raytheon集團所併購)出品的陸攻巡航飛彈,於1993年起開始量產服役,1997年起開始加裝於皇家海軍的各型SSN上以加強其長程打擊的能力,亦預定搭配於最初服役的機敏級SSN艦上;然而當機敏級SSN正式服役之時,該型飛彈的役齡也已將近15年,因此目前英國也已經開始向老美洽談戰斧Block III 的後繼者 ─ Tactical Tomahawk (TacTom)的採購事宜;Tactical Tomahawk 預定於2002年開始正式成軍服役,和其前輩相較,其最大的進步在於可在發射途中更改攻擊目標的能力(從十五個先前設定的攻擊目標中任意更改跳換,或是經由GPS系統重新設定新的攻擊目標方位。),除此之外,Tactical Tomahawk 還配備有電視影像系統,可作為目標破壞評估之用;當戰場指揮官經由資料鏈獲得Tactical Tomahawk 所攝得的目標影像,發現其已遭先前攻擊摧毀時,便可重新設定Tactical Tomahawk 的攻擊路徑與目標,避免無謂的彈藥浪費。然而截至目前,Tactical Tomahawk 仍只發展出可供垂直發射器發射的版本,無法自魚雷發射管發射,因此刻下美英兩國正聯合研究發展可供魚雷發射管發射的版本。

除此之外,皇家海軍還打算引入TTWCS計畫,此為一戰斧飛彈全壽命週期階段性性能提升計畫,好讓皇家海軍旗下的戰斧巡航飛彈彈上之科技水準能與時俱進,不至落伍。

二、潛射式魚叉二型反艦飛彈
由波音─麥道集團研發的潛射式魚叉飛彈,是一款最高時速大於0.8馬赫,射程超過130公里的次音速掠海反艦飛彈;目前皇家海軍各型SSN均配備有第一代的潛射式魚叉反艦飛彈,然而由於其欠缺沿岸攻擊能力,且在接戰上有諸多限制,因此已計畫於2003年起全面退役;由於有潛射型戰斧超長程(最大射程460km)反艦巡航飛彈可供選擇,因此截至目前為止,皇家海軍還在評估有無必要在機敏級SSN上加裝改良型魚叉二型(增添攻擊沿岸與港口停泊船隻的能力,還兼具部份沿海設施陸攻打擊性能)反艦飛彈。


三、槍魚式重型反艦/反潛雙用型魚雷
由馬可尼公司(現在亦為BAE企業集團之一部)所開發的槍魚式魚雷,是一款重達1850公斤,直到最近才開始全面部署,用於取代Mk24 Mod2 虎魚式魚雷的潛射式重型反艦/反潛雙用魚雷;其動力系統為 Sundstrand 21TP01 gas turbine (使用HAP-Otto燃料),並使用pumpjet propulsor推進;偵搜模式則為線導─主被動雙用模式終端尋標。其最高時速據稱高達80節,有效攻擊射程則據稱為六十節航速下航行65公里之遠(較可信的說法為先以20~30節的“靜音”航速進行搜索巡航,待終端尋標器發現並鎖定目標之後,再加速至六十節以上的高速殺敵。);預計在2003年結束之前,槍魚式魚雷將徹底取代虎魚式魚雷,成為皇家海軍SSN的唯一主戰重型雙用魚雷,在此同時,一個槍魚式魚雷全壽命週期階段性技術更新/性能提升計畫也正如火如荼的展開中,以維持其最強之潛射式重型雙用魚雷的聲名於不墜。

四、FOSM:
雖然槍魚式重型魚雷為絕佳的反艦/反潛兵器,戰斧巡航飛彈為當世最強的長程距外精準陸攻打擊/反艦巡航飛彈,潛射式魚叉二型亦為出類拔萃的潛射式反艦武器,然而在冷戰結束後,往後和如前蘇聯般的強大水面/水下艦隊於大洋中作大規模殊死戰的場景是越來越難復見了,反倒是和第三世界國家於沿海近岸間發生區域性小規模衝突的機率大增;面對第三世界國家的諸多小型船艦或簡陋的沿岸軍事設施,使用昂貴的重型魚雷或巡航飛彈無異是殺雞用牛刀之舉,因此一款價格低廉且多用途的沿岸攻擊武器系統便有了存在價值;根據英國國防部構想(FOSM計畫):這將是一款由光纖/目視導引的短程沿岸區域衝突飛彈武器系統,能於沿海淺水地區攻擊敵方各式高機動快艇/巡邏艇,以協助我方兩棲部隊的登陸作戰之順利執行,還能用於迎擊敵方各式海洋巡邏機與反潛直升機以供自衛之所需;目前由EADS LFK企業集團(法、德、義三國聯合研發)所研製的“海神”(Triton)光纖導引潛射式短程多用途攻擊飛彈便是FOSM計畫中有力的競標候選者之一。


NO:61_9
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/01/21 18:28
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

來自Combat Aircraft月刊的消息:
1. 戴高樂艦目前的滿載排水量為41927-ton(42,600-tonne),拜劃時代的SATRAP自動穩定系統協助之賜,其可在六級海象下進行25公噸級飛機的起降操作作業,表現比起老美九萬噸級的尼米茲級超級空母毫不遜色;艦上的兩具蒸汽彈射裝置最快可每三十秒送一架戰機上天際。
2. 由於所屬航艦可起降操作25噸級戰機,因此艦載型疾風戰機將能充分發揮其超過九噸級(13個掛點,其中五個有油路線,最大外掛籌載9,144公斤)的外掛能力,必要狀況下可攜帶三具2000L大型油箱,兩枚SCALP-EG巡航飛彈,四枚MICA AAM自航艦上起飛。

3. 目前服役的十餘架單功能防空型F1構型疾風M艦載戰機已經有完整功能的Spectra整合式電戰系統與LINK 16資料鏈配備,飛行員們對其線傳飛控系統驚人的靈敏度更是讚譽有加,認為其是疾風戰機在執行纏鬥,低空飛行以及航艦起降任務時的一大利器。

4. 第一架F2構型(第十五架疾風艦載型)疾風將於2005年出廠,其為一架N型雙座戰機,在取消內載機砲之後(如此可省去299公斤的重量),雙座疾風N型的空重將僅比單座M型多出約150公斤。疾風F2構型將全面取代現役52架的超級軍旗艦載攻擊機,其將具有發射AASM低成本精靈導引彈械以及SCALP-EG陸攻巡航飛彈(目前法國海空軍總共訂購約五百枚的SCALP-EG,其中空軍450枚,海軍50枚。)能力,至於無導引多管火箭則將隨超級軍旗機一同淘汰;在軟體與電子系統升級方面,其將強化各感測器與資料鏈所收集之情資的資訊整合能力,並正式配備OSF被動偵搜系統,本系統為紅外線影像/光電攝影機/雷射測距儀三合一被動式偵搜裝置,具有高解析度辨識、多目標angular追蹤以及雷射測距功能,在最近一次試驗中,一架使用光電攝影機空對空模式的疾風戰機已經能在6100公尺高度,對約90公里處的一空中加油機進行持續監控追尋;OSF系統將於2004年發展完成,並裝置於一架疾風雙座N型上進行實地空對空與空對地任務測試。

5. F3構型將於2007年實用化,除空戰與對地打擊任務外,其亦能執行核子打擊或戰術偵察任務。

6. 雖然即將被疾風取代,但老法海軍仍不遺餘力地對現役52架超級軍旗機進行多階段的性能提升計畫,自1990年開始,超級軍旗機所接受的升級改裝如下:
SEM Standard 1:中央電腦與座艙航電升級。
SEM Standard 2:引進Anemone雷達。
SEM Standard 3:引入ATLIS莢艙,具備使用LGB的能力。
SEM Standard 4:引入CRM280戰術偵察莢艙。
SEM Standard 5:引入夜間攻擊能力,預定2004年實施。

這一連串的升級改良,於近年來幾次西方聯盟空襲行動中見到其成效,在這幾次行動中,改良型超級軍旗扔出268枚五百磅級雷導炸彈(AS-30以及GBU-12),其中73%命中,表現據稱冠絕所有西方盟國的打擊戰機。


NO:61_10
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/01/21 18:36
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

一擊必殺AEON環宇軍武網

2003-01-21

  [美國《每日航宇》2003年1月13日報導] 從參謀長聯席會議(JCS)獲得資金支持,美國海軍航空兵武器系統部(NAVAIR)正在制定一份2004財政年度先進概念技術驗證(ACTD)計劃,發展一種能運送30噸軍事物資的有足球場那麼長的混合飛艇。
  
  據NAVAIR稱,國防部內的聯席會議和其他後勤組織對該種能運輸大量物資直接到達使用戰場的混合飛艇十分感興趣。這種飛行器既像軟式飛艇,又像飛機。整體來看,它是個飛艇,但從側面看去,又有些像飛機,因為它帶有一些彎曲表面,就像飛機上的機翼。這種飛艇/飛機的混合飛行器有2個升力源,用氦氣作為填充氣體產生的浮力和向前飛行時產生的氣動升力。它的最高速度可達80到90節,比任何軟式飛艇都要快。該種飛行器的未來使用型將是放大到能載重500噸的類似航空母艦大小的混合飛艇。該飛行器將在一巨型的收放式氣墊上著陸,因而可降落在水面和幾乎任何地形表面。著陸後反向吸除其中氣體,氣墊還可作為地面繫留機構,這與氣墊船有些相似。
  
  本月底,項目小組將向五角大廈就ACTD進行簡要情況的彙報。除國防部外,運輸部(DOT)也對這一概念能作為一種緩解機場擁擠狀況的手段而顯示出了興趣。該項目的論證工作去年秋天才開始。因此,該小組對今年獲得批准並不樂觀。
  
  小組根據要製造的驗證飛行器的不同數量而提出了幾種ACTD價格方案。第一種試驗型很可能是一種載重約500磅(約225千克)的小型無人飛行器,從中所獲得的數據將用於開發30噸級的飛行器。最具雄心的ACTD方案是建造4架30噸級驗證機,1架用於試驗飛行力學和控制律、1架用於軍用後勤運輸、1架為監視平臺、1架為商用運輸型。
  
  飛艇的安全性也是人們關注的問題。現代飛艇採用的是非燃燒的氦氣,不會再發生興登堡號那樣的慘劇。飛艇尺寸龐大因而易受攻擊,對此飛艇要比想像的更強大,因為它的發動機佈局使其紅外信號非常低。另外,它的內部壓力較低,即使在外壁造成較大的洞也不會使飛艇從空中墜落。即便是飛艇下沉,其下降速度也很低,使它成為世界上生存性最好的飛行器。
  
  沿海空中超光譜感測器(LASH)系統飛艇項目最近在海軍Patuxent河海軍航空站開展了系列國土安全方面的演示試驗。[完]

2. 美國海軍研究處正在研製新一代多功能巡弋飛彈
2003-01-21

  美國海軍研究處正在研製新一代多功能巡弋飛彈。這種新型飛彈功能強大,價格卻比現有的“戰斧”式巡弋飛彈便宜10倍。
  
  海軍研究處稱,這種巡弋飛彈有一個體積小效率高的火箭發動機,可以在較小的彈體內裝更多炸藥的彈頭。這種巡弋飛彈的先進之處在於,飛彈發射後,地面人員可以透過手提電腦控制巡弋飛彈,更換打擊目標,而不像“戰斧”那樣只能在發射前確定目標,一旦發射就無法或不易更改。另外,這種新型巡弋飛彈還具有類似無人偵察機的功能,在飛彈擊中目標前,可以透過巡弋飛彈上的攝像機來觀察戰場。


NO:61_11
flak  於 2003/01/21 19:26
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

真偉大,連陸軍砲都上了海軍船

不過,這類岸轟武器在這個新時代卻有不少的爭議。它們的利基點在於便宜,但缺點卻是射程相當不足。這個時代已經不是當年美軍愛荷華級可以砲轟黎巴嫩沿岸的時代,今天以色列用C4炸一棟房子都有CNN實況轉播。

所以,岸轟武器的主要利基還是在支援陸戰隊作戰,配合最近歐洲的兩棲造艦潮,市場還真不小。
MONARC: 155mm Howitzer System Mounted on F124 Frigate

(Source: Rheinmetall DeTec; issued Jan. 20, 2003)

A pioneering concept recently unveiled by a consortium consisting of Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW), Krauss-Maffei Wegmann and Rheinmetall W&M; at the HDW wharf in Kiel looks set to create a whole new dimension in surface combatant firepower.

Known as MONARC (Modular Naval Artillery Concept for Naval Gun Fire), this solution promises to increase the range and effectiveness of ship-mounted artillery and ammunition several times over. As a result, naval units now stand to benefit from the technological edge enjoyed by German industry in the field of heavy-calibre artillery systems for ground forces.

Rather than embarking on an expensive new development programme, it was decided instead to draw on a previously fielded weapons system from the cutting edge of ground forces technology. Developed with HDW acting as lead company, the concept entails mounting the turret and main armament of the PzH 2000 self-propelled howitzer ­ the worlds most advanced 155mm artillery system ­ to the deck of a warship.

For demonstration purposes, a complete PzH 2000 turret has been temporarily mounted to the foredeck of the F124-class frigate Hamburg. The successful presentation sought first and foremost to demonstrate the basic feasibility of the new interface. In particular, it showed that modifying the infrastructure of new and existing ships could be accomplished at reasonable expense, while still maintaining the full range of essential fire support characteristics of the PzH 2000.

Especially in the United States, major efforts are now underway to enhance the range and accuracy of naval guns and ammunition in order to engage targets onshore more effectively from seaborne platforms. These development programmes demand a great deal of money and will take a long time to complete.

This is where the German consortium comes in: in order to achieve a solution requiring relatively little development effort quickly and at reasonable cost, they came up with the idea of installing an advanced heavy-calibre gun onboard ship that would be capable of delivering a variety of ammunition types to distant targets onshore, thereby making use of existing, highly effective technology.

The main armament turret of the PzH 2000 meets these criteria. The PzH 2000 self-propelled howitzer is widely acknowledged to be the worlds most advanced 155mm artillery system. By the end of last year, Krauss-Maffei Wegmann, the general contractor, had already supplied no fewer than 185 of these systems to the German Army. Rheinmetall W&M; is responsible for furnishing the systems main armament and ammunition.

With orders already booked from Greece, the Netherlands and Italy, the PzH 2000 is already well on the way to becoming the standard NATO self-propelled howitzer of the future.

The PzH 2000 is characterised by fully autonomous navigation and fire control functions as well as featuring a fully automatic ammunition handling system. Moreover, it is capable of firing ten rounds per minute at a maximum range of 40 km; thanks to its high-precision gun-laying system, it is also very accurate. A new generation of artillery ammunition currently being worked on by Rheinmetall W&M; development engineers promises to attain ranges of over 80 km.

From the standpoint of naval architecture, the main challenge encountered in integrating the turret onto the deck of a frigate consists of having to mount a big gun onto a relatively small vessel. It is not so much the weight of the turret that is a problem: after all, the medium-calibre turrets already in place weigh nearly as much. Furthermore, the space requirement both above and below deck is no greater than that of a conventional 76mm naval gun. The real problem lies in the effects of recoil on the structure of the ship. The necessary reduction in recoil force is to be achieved through a temporal extension of force transference by means of an elastic mounting.

By using a flexible mounting rather than rigidly fixing the turret to the deck in the conventional manner, the impact of residual acceleration on the structure of the ship during firing is expected to remain at an acceptable level. Since the turret is essentially self-sufficient, all that is required is a 24-volt power connection and a secure link to the operations room and the bridge. In addition, the ammunition storage and handling systems will have to be modified. Furthermore, in order to compensate for the movement of the ship, the gun-laying system will have to be stabilised.

Thus, MONARC represents a forward-looking solution to the problem of finding a high-performance gun for use on frigates and corvettes ­ and one whose advantages are by no means limited to its long range and effectiveness at the point of impact. Given the wide assortment of ammunition types available, these surface combatants will gain new ship-to-ship naval warfare capabilities as well as the ability to engage targets onshore with great accuracy and effectiveness.

And, as the shipbuilder HDW is quick to stress, the modular design will make to easy to retrofit the system to ships already in service.


NO:61_12
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/01/28 20:44
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

海底火力艦........

(Source: US Naval Sea Systems Command; issued Jan. 26, 2003)

ABOARD USS FLORIDA --- The waters off the coast of the Bahamas became a giant laboratory this week as Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) tested the capabilities of the Navy’s future guided missile submarines (SSGNs).

NAVSEA and Commander, Naval Submarine Forces (COMNAVSUBFOR) sponsored Giant Shadow, the first limited objective experiment under the “Sea Trial” initiative of the Chief of Naval Operations’ Sea Power 21 vision.

Giant Shadow, conducted with USS Florida (SSGN 728), is the first in a series of experiments before overhauling and converting four Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to SSGNs.

The SSGN conversion program, spearheaded by NAVSEA, takes four SSBNs (Florida, USS Ohio (SSBN 726), USS Michigan (SSBN 727) and USS Georgia (SSBN 729)) selected for decommissioning and transforms them into new platforms with capabilities to fight in future conflicts.

“As a result of the Nuclear Posture Review, the President decided we needed 14, vice 18 Trident submarines,” said Capt. William Toti of Assistant Chief of Staff for Warfare Requirements for COMNAVSUBFOR and the Joint Force Maritime Component Commander for Giant Shadow. “We decided we could take the four SSBNs we were going to decommission and instead use them in this new capacity. It is truly transformational.”

The SSGNs will have the capability to support and launch up to 154 Tomahawk missiles, a significant increase in capacity as compared to other platforms. The 22 missile tubes will also provide the capability to carry other payloads, such as unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and special forces equipment.

This new platform will also have the capability to carry and support more than 66 Navy SEALs (Sea, Air and Land) and insert them clandestinely into potential conflict areas.

Giant Shadow explored how a network of forces, including Florida, special warfare forces, UUVs and UAVs, and various aerial, underwater and ground sensors could be used to provide surveillance, collect real-time intelligence, develop and recommend a course of action for the joint commander and launch a time-critical strike.

Elements of the experiment included an at-sea demonstration and validation launch of two Tomahawk missiles from Florida; the first ever vertical launch of a UUV; and an insertion of SEALs from Florida.

Giant Shadow also provided an opportunity to evaluate various technologies, such as nuclear-biological-chemical sensors, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) and targeting systems.

“One of the goals of Giant Shadow is to identify which technologies provide real operational value to the warfighter, so we can transition them into real acquisition programs,” said Toti.

Several Navy commands participated in Giant Shadow. USNS Mary Sears (T-AGS-65), Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command’s oceanographic survey ship was home for the command and control capabilities that will be put onboard the SSGN as part of the conversion process. Naval Air Systems Command’s “Hairy Buffalo,” a modified P-3C aircraft, provided ISR capability and communication networking that would normally be provided by a high-altitude UAV like Global Hawk. Naval Oceanographic Office provided their UUV, the “Sea Horse,” and elements of Naval Special Warfare Group Four supported the special warfare phases of the experiment.

Results of the experiment are still being evaluated.

“Today’s battlefield is vastly different than it was during the Cold War,” said Toti. “The SSGNs will provide an extremely powerful capability that can operate like a ghost ­ it’s out there, but you can’t see it ­ which will complicate the defense of anyone who wants to challenge the United States.”

The SSGN conversions, which will include engineered refueling overhauls (ERO), will take place at Norfolk Naval Shipyard and Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, which began with Ohio in November 2002. Florida’s ERO and conversion will begin this August.

The first SSGN is scheduled for delivery in 2007.


NO:61_13
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/01/30 21:56
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

Raytheon Wins $224.5M Tomahawk Contract

(Source: Raytheon Company; issued Jan. 29, 2003)

TUCSON, Ariz. --- The U.S. Navy awarded Raytheon Company a $224.5 million modification to a previously awarded fixed price incentive contract for the production of an additional 167 Tactical Tomahawk all-up round missiles. The majority of the work will be performed in Tucson. Work is scheduled to be complete by August 2005.

This award follows our highly successful contractor flight test program and a favorable operational assessment by the Navy, said Louise Francesconi, president, Raytheon Missile Systems, Tucson, Ariz. Raytheon is pleased with this opportunity to provide our war fighters with this much needed next generation cruise missile capability.

Tomahawk, the surface- and submarine-launched, precision strike stand-off weapon, is the Navys weapon of choice for critical, long-range precision strike missions against high value, heavily defended targets.

This award recognizes the successful partnership of Raytheon and the U.S. Navy as evidenced by the resounding success of the demonstration test phase of the Tactical Tomahawk program, said Captain Bob Novak, program manager for the Tomahawk All-Up-Round (PMA-280). Tactical Tomahawk will provide transformational warfighting capabilities at a lower cost than a Block III Tomahawk.

Tactical Tomahawk will incorporate innovative technologies to provide new operational capabilities while dramatically reducing acquisition and life cycle costs. Scheduled for fleet introduction in 2004, the Tactical Tomahawk will cost less than half of a newly built Block III missile and will have the capability to respond to changing battlefield conditions through the use of its loiter and mission flex features.

Raytheon Company, with 2002 sales of $16.8 billion, is an industry leader in defense, government and commercial electronics, space, information technology, technical services, and business and special mission aircraft. With headquarters in Lexington, Mass., Raytheon employs more than 76,000 people worldwide.


NO:61_14
VOR  於 2003/02/07 14:58
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Feb14175/index.htm

NAVAIR’s Hairy Buffalo Provides Network For Sea Strike
(Source: US Naval Air Systems; issued Feb. 4, 2003)

The Hairy Buffalo, NAVAIR’s Time Critical Targeting test bed, demonstrated
the power of forward-based decision-making during a recent Navy experiment
in the Bahamas.

Sponsored by NAVSEA, Commander, Naval Submarine Forces, OPNAV N61F (FORCEnet
requirements office) and NAVAIR’s Network Centric Warfare Office, the Giant
Shadow experiment assessed emerging NCW tactics and technology requirements
in the areas of networks, data fusion, command & control, situational awareness
tools, and platform/sensor architectures.

The “Giant Shadow” Limited Objective Experiment was the first in a series
of SSGN transformational payloads and sensors experiments, as well as the
first FORCEnet LOE under the CNO’s Sea Trial initiative.

“The Hairy Buffalo demonstrated significant capabilities in linking warfighters
to enable a massing of effects rather than a massing of forces,” said CDR
Ron Carvalho, Hairy Buffalo project manager. According to Carvalho, the
aircraft served as a persistent ISR platform, conducting initial preparation
of battlefield data, and providing “eyes in the sky” and airborne command
and control for embarked Navy SEALS. “The Buffalo provided common communications
interfaces that allowed ground, surface, and undersea elements to operate
together, seamlessly in sea strike operations,” added Carvalho.

The Giant Shadow Experiment was designed to explore how a network of forces
consisting of a stealthy platform (SSGN), Special Operations Forces, Unmanned
Vehicles (UUVs &UAVs;) and sensors (underwater, overhead, and ground) could
be used to clarify ambiguous intelligence and provide persistent ISR, and
then develop, recommend, and execute appropriate courses of action within
the guidance of the Joint Commander, including time-critical strike.

Supporting objectives included demonstrating time-critical cueing and fusion
of manned, unmanned, and unattended sensor information; determining whether
an orbiting UAV with a COTS communications network repeater could reduce
reliance on overburdened satellite channels; and testing how this network
of forces might enable SOF/SSGN to transition from reactive to preemptive
operations. Final results of Giant Shadow are currently being evaluated.

According to CDR Carvalho, the Hairy Buffalo successfully demonstrated three
different “networkable” battlefield data links during the experiment,
including Free Wave, VRC-99, and the TCDL (tactical common data link). TCDL
is currently in use operationally, and will be migrated to the Predator
UAV. The VRC-99, a networking radio used by the Marine Corps, hosted multi-party
Joint Fires Network computers aboard surface, subsurface, and airborne platforms
during the exercise. The heightened shared awareness achieved by this robust
network of forces resulted in the successful detection and destruction of
a simulated weapons-of-mass-destruction facility.

Currently hosted on a modified NP-3C aircraft, the Hairy Buffalo architecture
enables the warfighting fusion to deliver effects based operations a key
element of Sea Power 21. The end goal is to lock out enemy options through
increased reach, persistence, precision and speed. The Buffalo’s ability
to distribute intelligence products to various elements of a networked force
enables forward-based decision-making and decentralized execution of Command
and Control -- enabling a more rapid response to emerging threats, and limiting
the exposure of ground personnel to hostile enemy action.

According to Carvalho, Hairy Buffalo has more capability for Time Critical
Targeting than any other Naval Aircraft, and has demonstrated a clear reduction
in the kill chain by conducting targeting onboard the platform and transmitting
information directly to strikers. Improvements have been demonstrated by
increasing automation and the amount of knowledge made available to the executives/
decision makers.

Hairy Buffalo is equipped with radar, electro optic, and electronic surveillance
system sensors developed by industry and government research labs. Some
of these sensors are now in the Fleet, while others are being evaluated
for future use. The aircraft is manned by approximately 15 flight crewmembers
including pilots, flight officers, engineers, and systems operators. Approximately
six individuals man the C4I ground-processing node, which is a mirror of
the airborne node, minus the sensors. The Hairy Buffalo architecture could
be repackaged to fit a standard military shelter onboard a ship, or be airborne
on a C-130. Plans for footprint reduction are currently underway.

Recognizing that NCW is fundamentally joint, the Hairy Buffalo supports
the development of Joint NCW doctrine by enabling networked, Joint Force
Communications (including F/A-18, F-15, F-14, platforms participating in
the Link 16 net, and Army and Marine Corps ground forces through Advanced
Field Artillery Tactical Data System [AFATDS]). The Hairy Buffalo is also
the first naval aircraft to demonstrate the Joint Fires Network (JFN) triad
of Tactical Exploitation System (TES), Global Command and Control System
- Maritime (GCCS-M), and Precision Targeting Workstation (PTW) directly
onboard the platform.

“The Hairy Buffalo is a cost effective enabler for determining the impact
of technology on tactical doctrine,” said Carvalho. “It allows us to conduct
systems-of-systems engineering integrating the latest sensors, processors
and communications systems and then evaluating associated changes in doctrine
and tactics rapidly, affordably, and at reduced risk for our programs.”


New capabilities and tactics developed via Hairy Buffalo experimentation
will ultimately be transferred to the Navy’s P-3 Aircraft Improvement Program
(AIP), Maritime Strike Targeting (MST) and Multi-Mission Maritime Aircraft
(MMA) programs.

The Giant Shadow experiment confirmed that Hairy Buffalo is a superb vehicle
for demonstrating the art of the possible,” said Capt. Alan Easterling,
Special Programs Director, NAVAIR Network Centric Warfare office. “Hairy
Buffalo is an essential apparatus in the Navys transformation laboratory.

Additional military units taking part in GIANT SHADOW included the USS FLORIDA;
elements of Naval Special Warfare Group Four; Naval Meteorology and Oceanography
Command ’s USNS Mary Sears (T-AGS-65); and Naval Oceanographic Office’
s UUV, the Sea Horse. The experiment was conducted at the Atlantic Undersea
Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) in the Bahamas.

The Hairy Buffalo is a Time Critical Targeting, Network Centric Warfare
test bed aircraft, which was designed, built, tested and operated by NAVAIR
personnel in less than six months. The project was designed to evaluate
new technologies and advanced operational capabilities and tactics, quickly
and at reduced risk for naval aviation programs.

Located in eight principal sites around the country, NAVAIR provides the
US Navy, other Department of Defense services, and allied militaries around
the world with precision naval aviation technologies specializing in sensors,
aircraft, weapons, training, launch & recovery systems, and communications
systems.

-ends-


NO:61_15
cedric  於 2003/02/08 18:34
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

巡防艦越做越大... 現在都至少5000噸... 臺灣真的還想要發展2000噸的巡防艦嗎﹖

NO:61_16
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/02/24 20:55
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

從國防譯粹上看到的一個老美海軍攻陸構想:三體式電磁炮火力艦設計

本設計為一排水量近萬噸的大型三體船設計,上面裝有兩門大型電磁推進艦炮(應該是127或155MM口徑)以及高達12,240發的電磁推進彈藥,巡航時速可達32節﹔當其到達作戰位置時,艦上的六具電磁推進發動機將所其產生的一半能量(約60百萬瓦特)改用於替兩具電磁炮充電續能,拜三體船設計的低阻力與高航速特點之賜,此時雖然艦上動力驟減一半,但是航速卻只下降5%左右,便足以讓兩具電磁炮以超高射速將艦上的一萬兩千餘發電磁推進彈藥如狂風暴雨般的投射至距離母艦五百海浬(約925公里)外的敵方陸上目標。

拜電磁炮的高速所帶來的超高破壞動能之賜,雖然口徑遠遠不及,但每發電磁推進彈藥據估計都將擁有老美以往戰鬥艦上十六吋巨炮彈藥般的威力,但在射程與射速上卻是後者的數十倍............


NO:61_18
TTSO  於 2003/02/25 10:52
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

> 艦上的六具電磁推進發動機將所其產生的一半能量(約60百萬瓦特)改用於替兩具電磁炮充電續能

這是什麼呀??? 六具渦輪扇發電機???

我一直很不相信電磁砲在大氣圈內能有什麼用... 飛太快子彈會燒掉喔...XD


NO:61_19
acetw  於 2003/04/01 14:22
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

最近在Proceedings二月號上看到的:
ERGM飛完全程43nm要60分鐘(超級龜速炮彈),炮彈/推進藥的重量分別是110/40lbs,LRLAP(AGS的炮彈)飛完63nm要10分鐘,重量260/90lbs,磁軌炮呢?飛完250nm只要6分鐘,重量44lbs,外加三加崙的電力燃料。

NO:61_20
mind1984  於 2003/04/01 15:43
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

>>我一直很不相信電磁砲在大氣圈內能有什麼用... 飛太快子彈會燒掉喔...XD
就算速度不能很快,
但是電磁砲發射時的震動應該會比傳統火炮要小,
我覺得這樣就很有價值了.


NO:61_21
SANJYSAN  於 2003/04/01 19:09
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

電磁炮在大氣內還是可以用,防止燒毀的方法非常簡單:限速。
當然這樣一來,電磁炮就沒法跟雷射炮比打小鳥了,但是仍然可
以拿來打榴彈之類的曲射爆炸性支援武器。

此外,榴彈砲、加農炮之類射程已經到極限了,52倍徑155mm打40km。
這類炸藥膛壓推進炮都難加大射程,要增程非得外掛火箭不可。
如果換成電磁炮的話,同樣長度的砲管(比如52倍徑的8m)可以達到
數倍以上的初速度,射程會加很多。

這是因為膛壓推進炮的推進加速度是指數降低型,一開始時最大,
然後隨炮彈在砲管中前進迅速降低。但是電磁炮不靠爆炸氣壓,
整條軌道的整個內彈道裡都可以維持相同的加速度,也沒有因膛
壓而加厚管壁這些問題,因此同長砲管可以得到更高的初速,射
程也可以加長好幾倍。當然,先決條件是速度不能高到燒掉彈頭
,若不限速,就得在炮彈上裝熱盾(比如太空梭的隔熱陶瓷)。不
過後者可能會降低精確度,得用PGM來彌補。

附帶一提,即使限速,也可以把射程大大提升。例如現在榴彈出
口初速約900m/s,可是戰車光膛炮可以達到1500b/s也不會燒掉,
表示還有發展空間....


NO:61_22
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/04/03 22:50
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/index.htm


UD Awards Lockheed Contract For LR Projectile Development

(Source: United Defense Industries; issued Apr. 2, 2003)


MINNEAPOLIS --- United Defense Industries, Inc. has selected Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control, Orlando, Florida, for continued development of the Long Range Land Attack Projectile (LRLAP).

The LRLAP is the first projectile to be developed for the Advanced Gun System (AGS), which is the main naval surface fire support system for the US Navys Future Surface Combatant Program - DD(X). The contract is valued at approximately $40 million.

This contract award is a follow-on effort for Lockheed Martin, which participated in a competitive LRLAP Demonstration with teammate SAIC as the lead contractor.

This contract covers the Engineering Development Model (EDM) phase of LRLAP development, which is intended to support the AGS system level Critical Design Review (CDR). The period of performance for the LRLAP EDM contract is March 2003 through September 2005.

During this phase, Lockheed Martin will develop and document the LRLAP tactical baseline design, conduct testing to establish confidence in the tactical baseline design performance and reliability, and address requirements directly related to fielding of the LRLAP including insensitive munitions.

United Defense is a leader in the design, development and production of combat vehicles, artillery, naval guns, missile launchers and precision munitions used by the U.S. Department of Defense and allies worldwide, and is Americas largest non-nuclear ship repair, modernization and conversion company. (ends)

Lockheed L-R Attack Projectile For DD (X) Gun System

(Source: Lockheed Martin; issued Apr. 2, 2003)


ORLANDO, Fla. --- Lockheed Martin has been selected to provide the Long-Range Land Attack Projectile (LRLAP) for the Advanced Gun System (AGS) on board U. S. Navy DD(X) next-generation destroyers.

The approximately $40 million Engineering Development Model (EDM) contract, awarded by United Defense L.P. (UDLP), calls for Lockheed Martin to develop a tactical baseline design for a guided projectile on the gun weapon system that will form the main battery of the U.S. Navys DD(X) destroyer.

The EDM contract is expected to run through September 2005 and includes 15 rounds to conduct flight tests and support the AGS Critical Design Review. This award decision results from a competition between Lockheed Martin and Raytheon.

During the demonstration phase, Lockheed Martin participated on the team led by Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), which was primarily responsible for the guidance and control hardware and software integration. Custom Analytical Engineering Services (CAES) was responsible for the propulsion, tail kit assembly and most of the aerodynamic structure of the projectile. Other members of the SAIC team were Honeywell, Rockwell Collins, Ball Aerospace, Goodrich Aerospace (formerly TRW), Alliant Techsystems (ATK), and The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory.

These partners were selected to participate on the Lockheed Martin team because they represent the Best of the Best in each of their areas of expertise and, collectively, will deliver the best capability to the Navy, said Joe Antoniotti, Guided Projectiles director at Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control. They will all provide leading-edge technology as the program matures. They will also play significant parts in other guided projectile programs in which Lockheed Martin is participating. Their continuing support and technical participation ensures maximum commonality.

Antoniotti also acknowledged that significant support was provided by UDLP in conducting the Demo Phase LRLAP tests using its new 155mm 62 caliber AGS barrel. We expect that the partnership with UDLP will be significant to both companies and the U.S. Navy for many years to come, he said.

The contract award marks Lockheed Martins return to the guided projectile market. From 1982 through 1989, Lockheed Martin produced nearly 28,000 155mm Copperhead rounds for the U.S. Army.

Lockheed Martin also developed a 5-inch guided projectile for the U.S. Navy, Deadeye, producing 200 rounds that passed technical and operational evaluations before the program succumbed to funding cuts. Lockheed Martin remains the only company that has developed and fielded a cannon-launched guided weapon that has been placed in the U.S. arsenal.


NO:61_23
GLF  於 2003/04/07 15:29
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

真偉大,連陸軍砲都上了海軍船

http://61.219.142.242/cgi-bin/topic.cgi?forum=5&topic;=111&start;=36&show;=0

有此一偉大組合的彩照圖片........

該不會真有一輛PZH-2000”嵌”在F124的甲板裡吧??

指∼揮∼艇組合∼∼∼∼∼!!!???


NO:61_24
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/04/11 23:47
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

義大利與荷蘭也聯手來參一腳了...........
”火神”127MM/155MM增程彈計劃。

Italy, Netherlands Team On Naval Artillery

(Source: OTO Melara; issued April 10, 2003)


In Rome, at the Italian Navy Ministry of Defence, the Italian and the Dutch Navies have signed a Memorandum of Understanding for the collaboration in the feasibility study of a new 127mm extended range naval ammunition designed by Oto Melara, a Finmeccanica Company, acting as prime contractor.

Such an agreement, besides establishing time frames and modalities of the program development, also includes the delivery of a technological demonstrator, that is to say firing trials, in order to prove and confirm to the Italian and Dutch Navies what declared by Oto Melara in terms of performances and accuracy of the ammunition.

The agreed activities represent the first step of the “Vulcano”, a project for the development of a new ammunition family capable both of tracking targets of different nature at more than 100 Km of range and of being employed not only for naval purposes, but also in the 155mm calibre for land missions.

“Vulcano” is the answer to the operative requirements that are common to the Italian Army and Navy and the development phases have been established according to the entry in service of the new multi-mission Frigates presently under development.

The industrial team in charge of carrying out the Vulcano project includes Oto Melara as program leader, Thales and TNO/PML as main partners from Dutch side. (ends)


NO:61_25
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/04/27 03:27
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

有關皇家海軍"未來洋面打擊艦"的最新發展消息........(誠徵精通日文高人翻譯, 文章只能看懂一半, 剩下一半偏偏是文章重點的感覺真討厭.......P)

http://www.kojii.net/jdw/jdw030219.html

・英海軍は、2015 年以降の艦隊構成を見据えて FSC (Future Surface Comba-
tant) と称するビジョンを策定しているが、その中ではさまざまな戦力構
成案が取り上げられている。ただし、国防調達局 (DPA) は海軍の動きに
反発し、独自に産業界のパートナーシップを得て評価作業を進めている状
態。
FSC は「変革的プラットフォーム」と位置付けられ、現用中の 23 型フリ
ゲートが退役した後に、対潜戦や火力支援、洋上プレゼンスに関するギャッ
プを埋めるものとされている。さらに、縦深攻撃や本土防衛、対機雷戦の
能力も提供する。特に重視されているのが洋上プレゼンスで、紛争発生後
の初期段階で、所要の戦力を集めて現地に送り込むことが求められている。
そして、FSC は多大な影響力を持ち、自己充足性を備え、緊急展開可能な
資産として統合軍司令官にさまざまな能力を提供できなければならないと
される。
米海軍では沿岸戦に特化した戦闘艦として LCS の構想を進めているが、
イギリスでは LCS は小型に過ぎ、モジュール化された兵装を世界各地に
配備するには莫大な兵站支援を要するとして否定的。
現在、考えられている FSC コンセプトとして、以下の 4 種類が存在する。

・ベースライン 5 : モノハル、またはトリマランの艦を単一クラスで
揃え、多用途化する
・代替プラットフォーム : 45 型ミサイル駆逐艦から派生した多用途艦
を導入する
・ビッグ/スモール : 駆逐艦/巡洋艦クラスの大型艦と、LCS/コルベット/
フリゲート級の小型艦の混成
・マザー/ドーター : 大型の母艦と、それに支援される LCS や無人ヴィー
クルの組み合わせ

現在、この中からベースライン 5 に焦点が当てられ、9,000t の艦を 18
隻揃える方向で概念策定が進んでいるが、それで決定したわけではなく、
2008 年末に予定されている FSC の Main Gate approval まで評価作業
を実施して、単一の優先ソリューションを選び出すことになっているとの
由。また、メーカーからの調達プロセスも課題になっている。

http://www.kojii.net/jdw/jdw030416.html

英国防省は、英 BMT Defence Services 社に対して、「親子式」軍艦のコ
ンセプトに関する研究を発注した。これは、英海軍の将来水上戦闘艦構想、
FSC (Future Surface Combatabt) に対応するもの。BMT 社は QinetiQ を
押しのけて契約を獲得したものだが、まず、全体的な可能性の追求や、リ
スクが高そうな分野の洗い出しが進められる。
FSC は 2015 年頃の就役を予定しており、今年半ばに国防調達局 (DPA) が
担当の統合プロジェクト・チームを編成する予定。概念設計段階では、ベー
スライン 5 と呼ばれる 9,000t ほどの艦が中心的な存在となり、目下、建
造が進められている 45 型ミサイル駆逐艦をベースにしている。
これは正式には Mothership and Deployable Asset Package と呼ばれ、
FSC 向けに考案されたさまざまなコンセプトの中でも、もっとも革新的な
もの。小型でステルス性に優れた水上戦闘艦や各種の無人プラットフォー
ムといった Deployable Assets を Mother Ship に載せて運び、目的
地で発進させるという内容で、小型艦を戦域まで自力航行させずにすむこ
とから、世界規模の洋上戦力展開に有利と考えられている。
なお、米海軍も 2000 年に同様の研究を発注したことがあり、こちらでは
排水量 20,000t 級のトリマラン型 Mother Ship の利用が考えられてい
た。


NO:61_26
小滬尾  於 2003/04/27 04:14
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

toga
use this tool
http://babelfish.altavista.com/
select Japanese to English

NO:61_27
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/04/27 04:17
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

Thanks..........

NO:61_28
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/04/27 04:44
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

The English navy, staring the fleet constitution after 2015, the FSC (the Future Surface Combatant) with has decided the vision which it names, but the among those various war potential constitution plans are picked up. However, national defense supply bureau (the DPA) the counter sending, obtaining the partnership of the industry individually in the movement of the navy, when it is advancing appraisal job.

The FSC is defined, the reform platform after 23 model frigates in reality retire, bury anti-submarine game and the gap regarding the presence in regard to fire support and the ocean. Furthermore, it offers also the ability of depth attack and home defense and anti- mine game. Especially, in the presence on the ocean, at early stage after the dispute occurring, gathering necessary war potential, that it is seriously considered, sending to the locale is required.
And, the FSC has self-fulfillment characteristic with great influence, must offer various abilities to the integrated general as an urgent development possible property, it assumes.

Conception of the LCS is being advanced in the American navy as the aggressive warship which specializes in coast game, but in England it passes the LCS small-sized, it disposes the soldier equipment which is modularized to the many places of the world, assuming enormous logistical support is required, negative.

4 types below exist presently, as the FSC concept which is thought.

a. Base line 5: It gathers the mono hull, or the warship of the trimaran in single class, to multi uses converts the * alternative platform.

b. The multi use warships which derive from 45 model missile destroyers are introduced.

c. Big / small: Large-sized destroyer / cruiser and LCS/ コルベット mixed

d. Mother / daughter: Combination of the large-sized mother ship + the LCS and the unmanned ヴィークル.

Presently, from the among these it can apply to base line 5 the focus, conceptual decision is advanced with the direction which 18 gathers the warship of the 9,000t, but it is not the case that it is decided with that, executing appraisal job to the Main Gate approval of the FSC which is planned on end of 2008, when it has meant to select the single preferential solution, reason. In addition, also supply process from the manufacturer has become theme.


NO:61_29
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/04/27 04:50
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

Japanese --> English

The English anti ministry ordered the research regarding the concept of the parent and child type warship vis-a-vis the English BMT Defence Services corporation. As for this, future water battle warship conception of the English navy, the FSC (the Future Surface Combatabt) those which correspond. As for the BMT corporation pushing away the QinetiQ, it is something which acquires contract, but first, washing finish of high so field it can advance the pursuit and risk of entire possibility.

The FSC has planned the commission around of 2015, this year halfway national defense supply bureau (the DPA) the schedule which forms the integrated project * team of charge. At conceptual design stage, the warship about of the 9,000t which is called base line 5 becomes central existence, present moment, designates 45 model missile destroyers where construction is advanced as the base.

Even in the various concepts where this is called the Mothership and Deployable Asset Package formally, is devised in for the FSC, the progressive one. Being small-sized, placing the Deployable Assets such as the water aggressive warship and various unmanned platforms which are superior in stealth characteristic in the Mother Ship, with the contents that, it carries, departs at destination from the fact that own power without making the small-sized warship it does not have to the theater, in war potential development on the ocean on of a worldwide scale it is thought the advantage.


NO:61_30
Golden L't Foot  於 2003/04/27 05:46
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

老美海軍目前正在積極研發兩項星戰級科技:百萬瓦特級自由電子雷射與電磁炮,並希望前者能在八至十年內孕育成熟,擔任艦隊掠海巡航飛彈尋標器破壞反制(初期目標)乃至反敵方無人機/有人機/小型艦艇(稍後目標)的任務﹔後者則希望其能在四至五年內進入原型系統展示階段,並於15年之內實用化,在2018年之前部署於第二批次的升級型DDX陸攻打擊驅逐艦上,擔任將精準導引砲彈加速至七至八馬赫級衝至大氣圈外,再以近似隕星攻擊的方式重反大氣圈,於六分鐘內,以五馬赫級以上的超高速轟炸距離母艦超過兩百海浬(約三百七十公里)以外的敵境目標(註:這是老美海軍現有設計所打算達成的目標,十五年之後的量產系統的能力可能未必僅止於此。)。
http://www.kojii.net/jdw/jdw030416.html

四月十六號的珍氏軍聞有提到, 老美海軍最終的目標是開發出有效射程高達1000海浬的超長程電磁炮

布爾博士地下有知, 想來可以含笑九泉了...........


NO:61_31
flak  於 2003/04/29 23:42
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

這期IDR另一篇文章介紹了美國海軍的未來走向。

有別於空軍的Global Power,Global Reach,美國海軍也推出了新的廣告主題:Global Concept of Operations,為了達到更廣泛的全球行銷效果,美國海軍將把原有的12支「愛之船」作戰群(CVBG)擴大成為37支獨立作戰群,這包括了:

12支「愛之船」打擊群Carrier Strike Group:與CVBG類似,但包含了無人載具與更強的訊息能力
12支特遣打擊群Expeditionary Strike Group:主體是兩棲作戰艦,但與今日的MEF不同的地方是,它不只是兩棲部隊,還有CG、DDG、FFG與SSN。所以這些艦隊可以構成完整的防空與制陸能力。
9支海面行動群Surface Action Group:由DDG與CG組成,提供反彈道、防空與戰斧飛彈的攻陸能力。
四支(艘?)三叉戢SSGN,每艘攜帶154枚戰斧飛彈與66名特種部隊。雖然人微言輕,但兩艘已經等於GW1海軍發射的戰斧飛彈總數。

組織這麼多支獨立作戰群的目的在於維持訓練、維修的同時,還有能力在全球維持以下四個任務:
保護美國本土
在全球的四個地區展示軍力,並有能力在其中的兩個地區進行戰鬥
「決定性」(入侵並佔領其領土)地擊敗兩個對手中的其中一個
決定性地對任何一個對手強烈表達美國的意志


NO:61_32
acetw  於 2003/05/15 01:49
Re:Sea Strike! 海軍攻陸專欄

http://jczs.sina.com.cn/2003-05-15/126455.html

美海軍電磁軌道炮通過海上超音速發射試驗

http://jczs.sina.com.cn 2003年5月15日 00:34 艦船知識网絡版

  [美國海軍海上系統司令部2003年5月12日報道]美海軍于4月24日在蘇格蘭成功
進行了電磁軌道炮的海上試驗。該試驗演示了電磁軌道炮射彈以超音速發射的過程。
美海軍艦隊司令納特上將和海軍研究局局長科恩少將到場觀看了此次試驗演示。

  美海軍水面戰中心(NSWC)為此次試驗設計、分析、制造了炮彈和炮彈軟殼。此
次試驗用的系統是一個只有未來原型机1/8大小的樣机,該樣机最終將被發展成為以
7馬赫(2500千米
/秒)的速度發射電磁炮彈,射程為370海里。該系統樣机將安裝在NSWC的Dahlgren分
部使用。

  電磁軌道炮將使美海軍具備在不到6分鐘的時間內就可對370公里處的目標進行
打擊的能力。電磁軌道炮利用電能爆發來產生電磁力。炮彈有可能在外大气層空間
飛行,因為空气阻力最小。在定向火力模式下,炮彈將在几秒內打到水面目標。

  由于電磁炮彈沒有爆炸材料,從而消除了生產、運輸、處理和存儲炸藥的需求。
此外,超遠的射程、極短的飛行時間和高殺傷性都可能極大地提升美海軍未來遠程
作戰的攻擊力。

  美海軍制定的研制下一代綜合電力系統艦-DD(X)艦的決策大大促進了包括電磁
軌道炮在內的新一代電能武器的研究和開發。綜合電力系統艦將使艦上的各种電能
武器和傳感器共享電力,并且如果戰術態勢允許的話,還可以使艦船發動机高速運
轉。DD(X)艦將會提供充足的電力以滿足電磁軌道炮所需的15-30兆瓦電能,使它每
分鐘發射6-12發炮彈。

  此次試驗是為海軍火力改革和轉變新一代艦炮海軍水面作戰艦艇的角色而發展
的電能武器所邁出的關鍵一步。(中國船舶信息中心)


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