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2003-01-17

The air force will continue to focus on upgrading its fleet this year, while the defense industry
develops the next generation of warplanes for the military, senior commanders said Wednesday. The
industry will upgrade some 20 Su-27 interceptors into fourth-plus generation multipurpose warplanes
for the air force this year, air force chief Alexander Mikhailov said at a news conference.

He did not specify the designation of the upgraded planes; previously, the air force singled out
the Su-27I/B and the Su-30KN as the most promising fourth-plus generation projects. Mikhailov said
up to 25 percent of the air forces tactical aviation fleet will be upgraded in 2002-06.

By then, the Sukhoi design bureau should have a fifth-generation tactical fighter ready for a
maiden flight, Mikhailov said. Serial production of this aircraft, which should be capable of
attacking both surface and airborne targets in all weather conditions around the clock, is to
begin by 2010, he said.

Mikhailov said the Su-27 upgrades will include new avionics designed by the Ramenskoye instrument
design bureau rather than Russian Avionics, which the previous air force chief preferred.

Mikhailov also hinted he may reject another project favored by his predecessors. The Tupolev or
the Ilyushin design bureau, both based in Moscow, may be picked over Ukraines Antonov to develop
transport aircraft to replace the ageing Il-76. While saying he was not burying the An-70, he
made it clear that the air force will opt for either the Il-214 or the Tu-330 if Kiev-based
Antonov does not fix numerous flaws, including engine glitches, in the An-70.

Some Mi-24 helicopters will also be upgraded this year, Mikhailov said.

Most warplanes and helicopters lack all-weather/night time capabilities, limiting the air forces
capabilities to provide 24-hour air support for ground combat in Chechnya, said Konstantin
Makiyenko, deputy head of the Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies. Acquiring such
capabilities should be the main objective of the air forces modernization program, he said.

In addition to upgrading and developing planes, the air force will also finance the completion of
the S-400 air defense system this year, air force chief of staff Boris Cheltsov said in an
interview.

Air force officials said increased defense spending over the past few years was providing more
money for upgrades and combat training. The extra money allowed pilots to double their flight
time last year; but more flight hours are needed to keep them up to par, the officials said.
Pilots only logged 20 to 50 hours last year compared to the 180 to 240 hours for NATO pilots.

2003-01-18

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2003-01-20

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2003-01-20

(Source: Press Trust of India; issued Jan. 17, 2003) (edited version)

MOSCOW --- India and Russia today agreed to jointly develop next generation fighter jets and set up defence projects under a landmark protocol signed by the two countries but appeared to have made no progress on the sale of aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov to New Delhi.

The protocol, a landmark document in our relations, covers all the areas of our defence ties, Defence Minister George Fernandes said after an hour-long meeting with his Russian counterpart Sergei Ivanov here.

The protocol, signed after the two-day meeting of Indo-Russian Inter-governmental Commission (IRIGC) on Military-Technical Cooperation, provides for joint development of a fifth generation fighter for the Air Forces of the two countries, he told reporters.

It also envisages setting up several hi-tech joint ventures similar to the BrahMos cruise missile, development and production of futuristic weapons and weapon platforms, the Defence Minister said.

He, however, did not say whether the two sides have made a breakthrough with regard to the sale of Admiral Gorshkov to India.

During the two-day session of the IRIGC, co-chaired by Fernandes and Russian Industries, Science and Technology Minister Ilya Klebanov, the two sides discussed the whole gamut of Indo-Russian defence cooperation including procurement and joint development of hi-tech weapon systems.

We have succeeded in ironing out and sorting out all the outstanding problems, Fernandes, who signed the protocol with Klebanov, said.

The Russian Defence Minister said we have extensive and serious plans for the closest interaction between our two defence establishments and the armed forces based on new quality and trust.

In response to a question Ivanov dismissed concerns that military cooperation between the two countries would destabilise the balance of forces in Asia.

I do not see any danger to the balance of forces, he said adding India is the largest democracy of the world, and we have been linked by decades of close friendship. Our Strategic partnership is not an empty notion.

He said Russia has been and will continue to provide India with the latest and hi-tech weapons, especially when both the countries are fighting a common and protracted war against international terrorism.

Fernandes said the two nations were developing ties in all spheres, including substantial Indian commercial investments in the Sakhalin oil fields of Russias Far East.

Its Indias biggest overseas investment, Fernandes said.

Along with bilateral ties, Fernandes and Russian officials discussed international issues.

-ends-

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2003-01-22

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2003-01-27

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2003-01-28

Interview with Vladimir Barkovsky, director of the A.I. Mikoyan design
bureau, first deputy general
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Question: MiG is the only corporation, which has managed to concentrate
practically all stages of the creation of aircraft.
Vladimir Barkovsky: The merger began in 1995; this was a very difficult
process. At the same time, our strategy is not a sensation. All industrial

countries are following in this path. The USSR had a joint aircraft corporation
- the Ministry of Aircraft Industry. In fact, MiG restored what had been
lost as a result of the break-up of the USSR. Of course, restoration was
based on market relations. I think that MiGs success is connected with
a governments decision to create one legal entity based on the aircraft
corporation in 1999. We repeatedly replaced the team of financial managers.
At the same time, we retained skilled workers, engineers, and designers.
The designer and producer merged. After that, we began to restore the corporation
s positions on solvent markets.
Despite a very severe rivalry, the corporation has been winning over aircraft
markets of Eastern Europe one by one since 2000. We have concluded contracts
to upgrade our warplanes with Hungary, Bulgaria, Poland, Slovakia, and Yugoslavia.
We intend to sell our warplanes to Austria. In addition, the corporation
is expanding to South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. We do not depend
on the state budget, and our financial stability increases as we sign new
contracts. Unfortunately, we produce almost no warplanes for the Russian
Army, and the portfolio of orders consists of contracts with foreign customers.

Question: The companys integration continues. What are its basic principles?

Vladimir Barkovsky: The main phase - the creation of the cycle designing
- production - has finished. The corporation is now carrying out the second
phase. MiG is creating a motor branch, which will consist of the V.V. Chernyshev
plant, Krasny Oktyabr, and the Soyuz company. In other words, producers
of engines, reduction gears, and drives will unite within the corporation.
One should note that no one forces these enterprise to unite. It is easier
to survive in a big corporation.
Question: What do you intend to do in the conversion sector?
Vladimir Barkovsky: The analysis has shown that realization of all military
programs requires only 50% of the corporations facilities. The remaining
facilities of the corporation can be used for producing civil products.
The Tu-334 passenger jetliner is a prospective project. We are now conducting
certification tests of this jetliner. MiG has invested its own money in
this project. We intend to produce the jetliner in Lukhovitsy, within the
Moscow region. To date, 20 Russian airlines are interested in purchasing
the Tu-334, and we plan to produce around 130 such jetliners by 2012.
The MiG-110 multifunctional plane is another promising project. The MiG-110
currently takes part in a tender. We will continue producing small planes.
These are the Il-103, Aviatika, and a range of planes created by various
design bureaus, which have good prospects on the market.
Question: The states capabilities linked with the development of the aircraft
industry are limited. Where does the corporation take money for research
and development and producing new types of planes?
Vladimir Barkovsky: As a state-owned enterprise, the MiG Corporation receives
99% of its revenues from foreign contracts. Our payments to the state budget
exceed our proceeds from the state defense order. The MiG Corporation has
made every effort to retain skilled personnel and technologies. The portfolio
of contracts has become six times larger over the last two years. We are
now creating a stable basis, which will allow the corporation and its subsidiaries
to work during the next five years.
Question: As is known, the Defense Ministry is now formulating its requirements
for the fifth generation fighter. How do your approaches to the creation
of the fifth generation fighter differ from the Sukhoi design bureaus project?

Vladimir Barkovsky: MiGs strategy based on the analysis of geopolitical
and domestic trends has made it possible to formulate the task of creating
a combat tactical aircraft complex, which must comply with a range of basic
requirements. The fifth generation fighter must make it possible to:
- create a tactical air group of the Russian Air Force with maximum efficiency
and minimum burden on the state budget
- provide a high export potential of the new fighter.
This is the only correct and fruitful approach to creating a special program
for designing the fifth generation fighter. Characteristics of the new fighter
must correspond to the countrys resources. In other words, we must objectively
evaluate the Air Forces ability to purchase the new fighter in 2010-15.
In addition, we must scrupulously evaluate the fighters export potential.

The analysis shows that heavy fighters account for 15% of the total number
of exported fighters (around 7,000 warplanes). The share of light fighters
is 85%.
The MiG-29 light fighters have been exported to 28 countries; 18 countries
have the F-16, six countries use the F-18, and seven countries have purchased
the Mirage-2000 fighter. The F-14 heavy fighters were exported to only one
country - Iran. The same concerns the F-15 fighters, which were exported
to only three countries - Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Israel - during the Cold
war. Eight countries, including four CIS member-nations, use the Su-27 fighters.
China and India have purchased the Su-27 fighters and licenses to produce
the Su-30MKK and Su-30MKI fighters respectively. This means that China will
produce and upgrade these heavy fighters until 2017-20.
The US plans to export only F-35 light fighters (2,000 to 3,000 warplanes).
The US will produce only 300 F-22 heavy fighters for the Pentagon. It is
evident that the class of the fighter - light or heavy - depends on its
dimensions and the power of the engine. It is very likely that the weight
of the prospective fifth generation fighter will reach 25 tons with the engine
power of 18-20 tons, and will exceed 40 tons with the engine power of 28-30
tons. Prior forecasts show that the number of light fighters will exceed
the number of heavy fighters by 150%. As a result, the creation of a heavy
fighter will be twice as expensive than the production of a light fighter.

Another very important economic aspect of the problem involving the creation
of the fifth generation fighter is that the overall program cost is equal
to Russias defense budget. At the same time, Russia must develop other
branches of the Armed Forces, which need new military hardware and weapons.
This is why the prospects of purchasing the new fighter must be connected
with other programs of the Air Force and the Defense Ministry. All of this
must coincide with the progress of the nations economic development, the
growth of GDP, and realistic budgets. Experts say that the fifth generation
program will cost $20 to $30 billion depending on the class of the fighter.
This means that the state will have to spend $1.3 to $2 billion a year on
creating a group of new fighters. Otherwise, the new fighter will become
obsolete. The most dangerous thing is that neglect of the actual economic
situation will lead to the creation of the most powerful fighter, which
the state will not be able to purchase.
Translated by Alexander Dubovoi

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Among the export aircraft now offered by Russia, the most advanced ground-attack capabilities are found in the Su-30MKK aircraft being sold to China. The aircraft is designed and built by the KnAAPO factory in Konsomolsk, while the fighter-optimized Su-30MKI is designed and produced by IAPO in Irkutsk. The concept of the Su-30MKK is based on the Su-32, but with a tandem cockpit (the Su-32 is side-by-side) and much less internal fuel capacity, so combat radius is considerably decreased. The Chinese radar choice is the N010M Zhuk-MS, with the air-to-air and air-to-ground capabilities more or less equalized (however, negotiations are ongoing). The slow development of the radar forced the Russians to deliver the initial batch of Su-30MKK aircraft to China with the modernized N001VE Metch, a derivative of the standard Su-27 N001 Metch radar set. The N001VE has some air-to-ground functions (ground mapping, large-ground-target detection and track, moving target indicator, etc.) added. (For a full description of the N010M, see Got You Covered,JED , August 2002.) Another significant system is the Sapsan-E targeting pod. The Sapsan E uses a stabilized optical channel in a revolving head, to which TV (or a thermal-imaging camera as a future option), a laser rangefinder, and a laser target illuminator are attached. The vertical movement of the optical head is from +10 to -150 degrees, and it rotates +150 degrees to either side, covering all but the rear quarter of the aircraft. It can be used in conjunction with laser- or TV-guided munitions.

Other equipment offered with the Su-30MKK is the APK-9 radio-link system, which enables the aircraft to launch the Kh-59M long-range TV-guided missiles. The APK-9 and Kh-59M are also integrated with the Su-27IB/Su-24M, but only a handful of such systems are believed to be in service with the Russian Air Force. Also worthy of note, the radar in the Su-30MKK-2 sub-variant is able to detect and track naval targets and can perform target designation for the Kh-31A antiship missile.

F/A-22 Raptor Flight-Test Demonstrates Intraflight Datalink

(Source: Lockheed Martin; issued Feb. 13, 2003)


ORLANDO, Fla. --- The Lockheed Martin-led F/A-22 Raptor air dominance fighter flight-test program has for the first time successfully demonstrated between two Raptors the capabilities of the Intraflight Datalink (IFDL), a key component of the Raptors avionics suite that is designed to enhance a pilots situational awareness. This achievement moves the F/A-22 closer to being prepared to support the timely start and successful execution of the programs critically important Dedicated Initial Operational Test & Evaluation (DIOT&E;) phase.

During the almost four-hour flight from the Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC) at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., two F/A-22s -- Raptors 4005 and 4006 -- demonstrated the basic functionality of the IFDL, which can broadcast and receive both voice transmissions and data.

The IFDL is essentially an encrypted radio and wireless communications modem that allows Raptor pilots to covertly talk to and share information with each other without fear of being overheard by potential enemies, said Bret Luedke, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co.s chief F/A-22 test pilot, one of two pilots involved in this IFDL test flight. The IFDL helps preserve the aircrafts stealthiness without requiring pilots to maintain radio silence or to communicate via visual signals; IFDL is truly a step forward in aircraft interoperability.

The IFDL -- part of the Communications, Navigation and Identification (CNI) suite provided by the Radio Systems division of Northrop Grumman Space Technology -- allows formations of Raptor pilots to share information provided by each others on-board and off-board sensors, including target tracking information provided by the F/A-22s APG-77 radar. Such information helps prevent weapons from being unnecessarily launched or dropped on targets already being engaged by another Raptor. The IFDL also helps the flight leader keep track of his wingmen and the formations weapons load out and fuel status so that missions can be successfully executed and all aircraft and pilots involved in that mission can maximize their combat effectiveness and return safely to base.

Prior to this true airborne demonstration between F/A-22s, Boeings 757 Flying Test Bed (FTB) was used to prove the IFDLs capabilities both in the air and on the ground with but a single Raptor pilot at Edwards AFB. During three days of tests, the FTB showed that the IFDL can share data with a wingman, even when the F/A-22 pilot executed a series of fast and slow rolls and high-g maneuvers. Previous IFDL flight tests have involved the FTB and the ground-based Avionics Integration Lab at Boeings facility in Seattle. Avionics testing on board the 757 is helping reduce risk and future F/A-22 flight test hours by enabling extensive in-flight testing, evaluation and troubleshooting prior to installation on F/A-22 fighters.

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In related news, the F/A-22 flight-test program continues to expand the Raptors flight envelope, and recently the aircraft reached its maximum speed at 15,000 feet of approximately 800 knots. With this, the flight-test program is progressing toward successfully clearing the remainder of the F/A-22s flight envelope, a necessary achievement before the Air Force can begin DIOT&E; next year.

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3. Non-Cooperative Target Recognition (NCTR) techniques :
The techniques is to use the radar return to count the amount of compressor or fan blades the targets engine has, which can be used to identify the type of aircraft, or at least whether its hostile or freindly.

4. Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR):
To detect very fine Doppler shifts in the targets signature to actually form a 3D image or map of the return, thus analysing the shape

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1. AN/ALR-94 RF warning and countermeasures system.

2. TRW comm/nav/ID system, including a Mk-12 IFF system.

3. Over 30 antennas are mounted on the F-22, but instead of comprimising Stealth by having them stick out of the fuselage, they are mounted in conformal smart skins.

4. The Jammer/RWR antennae are on the wingtips, and the com/nav/IFF antennae are on leading edges of the wings.

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1. The Raptors electronics are centered on two Common Integrated Processors (CIPs). Each CIP contains data such as mission planning data, and software for sensor managment. Mission specific data such as routes are loaded into the computer with a data transfer cartridge.

2. Before, in earlier aircaft each system, such as radar, engines, etc., had its own computer, but in the F-22, everything is managed by the 2 CIPs.

3. Each CIP has more than 300 MB of memory space, and was designed with growth potential to 650 MB. There is also room for a third CIP in the avionics bay.

4. Each CIP has a signal processing speed of more than 20 billion operations per second (BOPS), with an expansion capability to 50 BOPS. The CIPs have a general processing capability of 700 million instructions per second (MIPS), equivalent to several Cray supercomputers, with a growth capacity to 2,000 MIPS.

5. The CIPs incorporate over 1 million lines of computer code. Each CIP is linked via a fiber-optic connecting bus, which can transfer data at a rate of over 400Mbits/sec. The computer processing capacity of the F-22s CIPs is over 100 times greater than the F-15Es, even though the Stike Eagle is considered one of todays most computerized aircraft.

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F/A-22 Undergoes Tests, Evaluations

(Source: US Air Force; issued Feb. 18, 2003)


LAKE BUENA VISTA, Fla. --- Once testing and evaluations are successfully completed on the F/A-22 Raptor, it will make its debut into the Air Force arsenal in 2005 as a replacement for the F-15 Eagle.

This announcement came from Air Force and Lockheed Martin officials during the annual Air Force Association-sponsored Air Warfare Symposium here Feb. 14.

The F/A-22s operational utility is being tested and evaluated at Air Combat Commands 422nd Test and Evaluation Squadron at Nellis Air Force Base, Nev. It is passing its tests with rave reviews, according to Dr. Marvin R. Sambur, assistant secretary of the Air Force for acquisition in Washington.

The F/A-22 continues to perform superbly in all flight tests, he said. So far it has exceeded requirements in all categories.

The F/A-22 possesses a sensor suite that allows the pilot to track, identify and shoot targets without being detected.

It has both air-to-air and air-to-ground capabilities, along with improved stealth and supercruise features that allow the aircraft to cruise at supersonic speeds, undetected and without the use of afterburners, during day or night hours.

For the first time, the F/A-22 brings stealth ability into the daytime, said officials.

The new aircraft, complete with increased reliability and maintainability, is an essential asset to the nations warfighters in this unique time in history, said Maj. Gen. John Corley, mission area director of global power programs for the assistant secretary of the Air Force for acquisition.

The F/A-22 does what no other fighter aircraft can do, he said. An F/A-22 squadron will require less than half as much airlift as an F-15 squadron to deploy. This aircraft provides unprecedented access to enemy areas. Its extensive capabilities will allow our warfighters to dominate future battlefields throughout the 21st century.

The F/A-22 also provides increased maneuverability, lethality and survivability along with Global Positioning System-guided bombs used to penetrate deep into enemy territories, said Corley.

Included in the enhanced technology package, the F/A-22 Raptor has the most complex software ever flown in a fighter aircraft, said Maj. Gen. Doug Pearson, Air Force Flight Test Center commander at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif.

Upon final buy, it is estimated that the Air Force will receive approximately 276 F/A-22 Raptors.

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1. The point which Boeing and the US Navy have made most convincingly, is that the aircrafts flight control software is so robust that even a beginner on the type can fly it without embarrassing himself too badly. Sceptics should note that test pilot comments about fighters with this generation of flight controls being `as easy to fly as a Cessna 172 are indeed correct. There is no room for argument here, as I had the opportunity to observe first hand.

2. In a low speed post-merge manoeuvring fight, with a high off-boresight 4th generation missile and Helmet Mounted Display, the Super Hornet will be a very difficult opponent for any current Russian fighter, even the Su-27/30. The analogue and early generation digital flight controls with hard-wired or hard-coded AoA limiters used in the Russian aircraft are a generation behind the Super Hornet and a much more experienced pilot will be required for the Russian types to match the ease with which the Super Hornet handles high alpha flight regimes.

¦I¤ú§Q·s¿ïÁ|¦¨¥ßªº·s¬F©²­«·s½T»{¹ï·ç¨å»sJAS-39¡§¹_°ÖÃ~¡¨¾Ô¾÷±ÄÁÊ
2003-02-23

a:¦³¨S¦³¦³ÃöSU-35±ÄÁʪº«áÄò®ø®§¡H¡H

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a: SU-32FN/34ª±§¹¥G¡H¡H«ç»ò¤S­Ë¨«°_SU-24§ï¨}ªº¦^ÀY¸ô¨Ó¤F¡H¡H

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¬üF/A-22¯è¹q¨t²ÎÀò¶i®i;¥ý¶i·P´ú¾¹¶°¦¨²Õ¥ó¥i¾a©Ê°ÝÃD©Î±N¸Ñ¨M
2003-02-25

ST. LOUIS --- The U.S. Department of Defense awarded Boeing an $81.2 million
contract to produce more than 300 Joint Helmet-Mounted Cueing System, or
JHMCS.

The U.S. Navy will utilize the JHMCS in its F/A-18E/F Super Hornets and
the U.S. Air Force on its F-15s and F-16s. Deliveries for this contract
have already begun.

¡§This system revolutionizes the way pilots go to battle,¡¨ said Mike Rietz,
Boeing Joint Helmet-Mounted Cueing System program manager. ¡§The system
has performed beyond operational effectiveness expectations.¡¨

The JHMCS consists of electronics installed in the aircraft and a new helmet
that interfaces with them. The JHMCS displays continuous flight information
inside the helmet visors and allows for the aiming or deploying of sensors
and air-to-air or air-to-ground weapons with little more effort than pressing
a switch.

The U.S. military is expected to order more than 1,500 systems. Boeing is
the prime contractor and integrator for JHMCS and Vision Systems International
is the major subcontractor. The U.S.Government has completed operational
tests of the JHMCS on the F-15 and the F/A-18E/F and testing on the F-16
is still in progress. A full-rate production contract award is anticipated
by June 2003.

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¬ü°êªÅ­x§Æ±æ2011°]¬F¦~«×´N¯àÀò±o¨â¬[FB-22°ÎÂܤ¤«¬ÅF¬µ¾÷­ì«¬¾÷¡A¨Ã´Á±æ¯à©ó2016¦~¶}©l¶q²£
2003-03-07

»P F-22 ¬ÛÃö¤§³]­p:
pp 16,17. CIP ªº architecture.
pp 66.67. 71. CIP ©Ò¥Îªº processor ºØÃþ.

F/A-22ªº­l¥Í«¬FB-22¾Ô°«ÅF¬µ¾÷³æ¾÷¦¨¥»¤Î¾÷¸üªZ¾¹
2003-03-13

«Xù´µªÅ­xÁ`¥q¥O¦Ì«¢¥ì¬¥¤Ò¤W±Nªí¥Ü±N§ï¶iMiG-31»·µ{ÄdºI¾÷ [¥þ¤å]
2003-03-13

M88-3, EJ-230, F414EªA§Ð¤§«áªº©Ê¯à¥Ø¼Ð¤j·§¬O¡G

1. ¦b©Ó¥­®É´Á¾Þ§@ºû«ù»P²{¤µM88-2, EJ-200, F414¦P¯Åªº±À¤O¡A¦ý¨Ï¥Î¾Þ§@¹Ø©R«h¤j´T©µªø¬°²{¤µM88-2, EJ-200, F414ªº¨â¤T­¿¡C

2003-03-14

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Indigo To Deliver Infrared Sensors For F-35 JSF

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http://www.defense-aerospace.com

LONDON --- British Airways announced today the retirement of its Concorde fleet of seven aircraft with effect from the end of October 2003.

The airline said that its decision had been made for commercial reasons with passenger revenue falling steadily against a backdrop of rising maintenance costs for the aircraft.

Detailed discussions over an extended period with Airbus, the aircraft¡¦s manufacturer, confirmed the need for an enhanced maintenance programme in the coming years, the carrier added.

British Airways has decided that such an investment cannot be justified in the face of falling revenue caused by a global downturn in demand for all forms of premium travel in the airline industry.

The downturn has had a negative impact on Concorde bookings and is set to continue for the foreseeable future, according to the airline.

Rod Eddington, British Airways¡¦ chief executive, said: Concorde has served us well and we are extremely proud to have flown this marvellous and unique aircraft for the past 27 years. This is the end of a fantastic era in world aviation but bringing forward Concorde¡¦s retirement is a prudent business decision at a time when we are having to make difficult decisions right across the airline.

Noel Forgeard, president and chief executive officer of Airbus, said: Airbus¡¦ predecessors Aerospatiale and British Aircraft Corporation created Concorde some 40 years ago and we are proud of this remarkable achievement. But its maintenance regime is increasing fast with age. Thus, as an aircraft manufacturer, we understand completely and respect the decision of British Airways, especially in the present economic climate.

It goes without saying that until the completion of the very last flight, we will continue to support the airline so that the highest standards of maintenance and safety are entirely fulfilled.

Mr Eddington added that todays announcement is not a direct result of war in Iraq. He said: While the threat of war and resulting military conflict have had a further impact on premium travel demand, the decision to retire Concorde has been based on a long-term revenue and cost trend rather than recent events.

I would like to place publicly on record my sincere thanks and appreciation to all our staff, past and present, who have made the Concorde story one of the most compelling in the history of commercial flight. Our pride in the aircraft will never wane and I am determined that we make its final six months in the sky a time for celebration.

Retiring Concorde will result in £84m write-off costs for the year ended March 2003.

The airline is already planning to make its Concordes available for the public to view in museums. To honour the past 30 years of supersonic travel, British Airways will announce shortly a programme of special events and promotions for air travellers.

For the next few months, British Airways will continue to operate its Concorde services between London Heathrow and New York JFK and seasonal services to Barbados.


BACKGROUND NOTES:

--Concorde is the world¡¦s only supersonic passenger aircraft, cruising around 1,350 miles per hour, and at an altitude of up to 60,000 feet (more than 11 miles high).

--Concorde travels at twice the speed of sound and can cross the Atlantic in just over three hours.

---More than 2.5 million passengers have flown supersonically on British Airways¡¦ Concordes since the aircraft entered commercial service in 1976. 5ENDS¢X

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The Air Force, the largest buyer of Joint Strike Fighters, will lose only a small fraction of its original planned quantity ¡X about 143 from a total buy of about 1,400 airplanes. As is to be expected, critics are questioning the rationale for slashing the Navy/Marine JSF program, without comparable cuts on the Air Force side.

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The UK Royal Air Force (RAF) is considering an improvement program under which an unspecified number of Tornado F.3 fighters would be upgraded to perform the suppression-of-enemy-air-defenses (SEAD) role. Aircraft would be armed with ALARM anti-radar missiles, which demands only minor modifications. Presently, the UK ground-attack configuration of the Tornado is armed with the missiles, but its BAE Systems ARI 18241 radar-warning receiver does not support targeting data for them. Therefore, as it was proven during Desert Storm in 1991 and Allied Force in 1999, direct launch of an ALARM against air-defense radars was sometimes difficult. The missile itself showed tremendous effectiveness, but it was hampered by the lack of an appropriate emitter- location system.

The Tornado F.3 has much the more advanced BAE Systems Hermes radar-warning receiver, which is based on the ARI 18241 series but with additional capabilities. The system closely cooperates with the Foxhunter radar and can be used for supporting an attack against an air target with limited radar transmission. The same (or similar) mode can basically be used for targeting the ALARM missiles. This is probably the main reason why the Tornado F.3 fighter-interceptor version was chosen for the SEAD role.

The first crash program to upgrade the Tornado F.3 for SEAD missions was launched in 1999, but it was soon cancelled as a money-saving measure. In early 2003, the idea reappeared, due to the increasing tensions in the Middle East and the possibility of war with Iraq. - with Jerzy Gruszczynski

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Mk.16 ejection seat made by Martin-Baker. Wolfgang Schirdewahn comments that this seat is by far more comfortable than the Mk.10 in the Tornado. When compared with the F-16 it is only slightly tilted, which has ergonomic advantages and was asked for by customers. One can reach every control without stretching and does not have to crane ones neck.

2. ¤ÞÀº±À¤O¤è­±¡G
Apart from this all pilots are very satisfied with the EJ200 engines, which have a dry thrust of 60 kN, and max. 90 kN with full afterburners. Schirdewahn is pleased that for the first time there is no call for more thrust. The acceleration is indeed impressive with a thrust/weight ratio of up to 1:1.15, depending on the payload. I felt that the Tornado was a decent aircraft without an extra load, but the EF2000 is by far better, enthuses Schirdewahn.

3. ª¦¤É©Ê¯à¤è­±¡G¦AÄâ±a¥|ªT¤¤µ{¢Ï¢Ï¢Û»P¨âªTµuµ{¢Ï¢Ï¢Û®É, ¼Ú¬w»ä­·¾Ô¾÷ªºªºª¦¤É¯à¤O¬ù¤ñ¥uÄâ±a¨âªTÅT§À³D­¸¼uªºF-16¾ÔÔG¦n¤W25%¥ª¥k........

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a. And how does the aircraft handle? Unlike the F-16 we here have a central stick, which can be moved properly and does not just allow a few millimetres play. Most pilots find this more natural and it isnt over sensitive, because the (artificially produced) effort gives the pilot a feel for the aircraft. Control forces around all axes are well harmonised, and the aircrafts reaction to any input can be predicted easily. There are no surprises in any corner of the flight envelope, in which forces suddenly rise dramatically or the rudder is even reversed.

b. The Eurofighter is very stable thanks to its Fly-by-Wire-System. I can let go of the Stick for some time without having second thoughts, the aircraft will stay on course. This is an important difference to the MiG-29 for example, which is extremely agile, but at the same time reacts to every gust and every slight change in power and therefore needs to be controlled actively at all times.

c. The aim is to free the pilot from routine tasks, so that he does not have to give more than ten to 15 per cent of his attention to flying and managing the systems. This will give him a chance to focus on tactical considerations and the deployment of weapons.

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2003-05-06

http://antislashe.free.fr/fly2.htm

°ÎÂܩʯà:
While the Rafale is not in the same stealth league as the F-22, Dassault engineers claim that they have been able to reduce the signature of the Rafale cross section by a factor of 20 to the Mirage 2000-5.

¾Ô¾÷¥þ³Æ°_­¸­«¶q: ­ì«¬¾÷43,000 lb, ¥Ø«e¶q²£¾÷50,700 lb, ¥¼¨Ó¶q²£¾÷ 59,400 lb

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The instrument panel is dominated by a Sextant 10 X 10-in. multifunction liquid crystal display. The display is focused to infinity and during our mission mostly showed the route of flight. In combat operations, it would be used for tactical display. Both rear and front seats are equipped with a Sextant head-up display (HUD), also focused to infinity. Transitioning between the HUD and the large LCD required me to refocus a few times, but it was not onerous.

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1. »´¸Ëºc«¬:
With a clean Rafale, using afterburner, you can enter a turn at 500 kt. and 10,000 ft., pull the maximum 9g and still accelerate. Cornering speed for the Rafale is 360 kt.

2. ­«¸Ëºc«¬:
I started a loop in military power and 450 kt. using a 4g pullup and speed at the top was 180 kt. The aircraft was responsive both in pitch and roll control, and I ended up some 600 ft. from the starting altitude. For the next maneuver, I selected afterburner, banked some 75 deg. and pulled to the maximum allowable gs of 5.5/6, in the heavy configuration. Starting at 420 kt., the speed was 360 kt. after completing a 360-deg. turn.

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1. I smoothly advanced the throttle through military power and into afterburner, and after a 3,000-ft. run, we became airborne at near 160 kt.

2. Touchdown was smooth and Rebourg took over and stopped the aircraft in less than 1,400 ft.

¸Õ­¸ªo¯Ó¡GTotal fuel used during the 1.2 hr. flight was 8,900 lb.

¸Õ­¸µ²½×¡G
While this is a smaller and lighter aircraft than the Boeing F/A-18F I flew last summer, its performance during the low level and some of its maneuvers closely reminded me of the Super Hornet. Situational awareness was approached differently in the design and size of the displays in both aircraft, but the result is that both aircraft bring that capability to the pilot. Overall, I found that the throttle placement, the side-stick controller, the Rafales worry-free flight control system and engines made for a very enjoyable flight.

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the Rafales Spectre Defensive Aid Sub-System (DASS) electronic system designed by Thomson and Matra would be able to pick up enemy radars in excess of 200 naut. mi. and give locationand identification. The Spectra also offers laser and IR missile launch detector, as well as digital solid-state jammer.

RBE-2¹p¹F¡G

1. The RBE2 radar, or data-link information, showed eight hostile aircraft on the cockpit tactical display. The RBE2 radar will show up to 40 targets, and prioritizes eight targets as the first to kill and then will fire at four simultaneously with the radar-to-missiles data links working with the search and track-while-scan radar mode.

2. As an example of its flexibility, a ground target can be designated as a target and tracked, while the Rafale engages airborne targets.

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KUALA LUMPUR, May 19 (AFP) - 05:07 GMT - Malaysia will buy 18 Sukhoi jetfighters from Russia in a deal estimated to be worth 900 million dollars, Defence Minister Najib Razak announced Monday.
We are happy to announce that Malaysia has agreed to buy 18 Sukhoi Su-30MKM aircraft, Najib told reporters after talks with his Russian counterpart Sergei Ivanov.

He said the original Su-30MK fighters would modified in terms of technical applications to meet Malaysias own requirements, and hence renamed Su-30MKM. The modifications included adding suitable weaponry, he said.

Financial and technical talks have been held and an understanding has been achieved but there are still some formalities to be settled, he said, adding that a formal announcement would be made soon.

Ivanov said at press conference with Najib that the value of the contract was tentatively 900 million dollars.

I believe what matters is not the value of the contract but that it shows that Malaysia and Russia are at military cooperation in the long-term, he said.

With the upcoming closure of the deal, this shows that Russia is ready for serious cooperation with Malaysia and will supply Malaysia with military technology and know-how.

Najib said the purchase for the Royal Malaysian Air Force formed part of Malaysias military upgrading process.

We recognise the need to have multi-role combat aircraft and we have decided that the Sukhoi is a suitable aircraft to fulfill our requirements, he added.

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