http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Mar14611/index.htm
BAE Systems Field Tests First Operating Prototype JTRS Radios
美國測試聯合戰術無限電系統

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Mar14616/index.htm
Future Combat System
(Source: United Defense Industries; issued March 4, 2003)

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/afp/defense/030305122632.fuicdmoe.html
Sri Lanka army seeks image overhaul with rights drive

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/afp/defense/030305101038.64bu8iu7.html
Japans defence force loses rocket launcher shell during drill

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Mar14610/index.htm
Curtiss-Wright Wins Contract for Mobile Gun System Program

---------
DEFENSE DAILY INTERNATIONAL
February 21, 2003
Vol. 3, No. 8
韓國 KAI 將生產阿帕契機身
KAI Signs Cooperation Agreement With Boeing, To Produce Apache Fuselages

Korea Aerospace Industries last week signed a memorandum of agreement for
long-term strategic cooperation with Boeing [BA] that includes a contract
potentially worth $350 million to supply the fuselages for Boeings AH-64 Apache
attack helicopter as a part of the offsets for South Koreas purchase of
40 F-15K strike fighters from Boeing under the F-X program.

We are extremely excited about the prospect of collaborating with KAI,
Pat Shanahan, the vice president and general manager of Boeing Rotorcraft
Systems, said in a statement. Both of our companies will benefit and this
partnership will continue to foster increased goodwill between both of our
nations.

South Korea last year chose the F-15K over competition from the Rafale by
Frances Dassault Aviation [AVMD.PA] for a $4.5 billion order (Defense Daily
International, April 19). Boeing is expected to supply the aircraft to South
Korea between 2005 and 2008.

KAI has previously been closely tied with Lockheed Martin [LMT],
producing 92 F-16s under license and cooperating on the development of the
T-50 advanced jet trainer. The T-50 yesterday reached supersonic speed for the
first time.

In addition to strengthening Boeings ties with KAI, the Apache fuselage
contract could enhance the U.S. defense giants chances in offering the aircraft
in South Koreas upcoming $1.8 billion AH-X attack helicopter program. South
Korea plans to acquire 36 new attack helicopters under AH-X.
The AH-64D Apache was competing against Bell Helicopter Textrons [TXT]
AH-1Z Cobra and the Ka-52 attack helicopter by Russias Kamov for AH-X until
South Korea last year decided to postpone the program (Defense Daily
International, Feb. 8, 2002).

In 2001, the Pentagon notified Congress of the possible foreign military
sale (FMS) of 36 AH-1Zs and AH-64Ds to South Korea for AH-X. Additionally, Bell
and Boeing both offered the direct commercial sale of their respective attack
helicopters to South Korea. Bell was also offering the new Cobra Radar System
based on the Longbow fire control radar made by Lockheed Martin and Northrop
Grumman [NOC] for the Apache Longbow (Defense Daily International, June
29, 2001).

陸總優先推動「軍機策略性商維」
預估可提供國內50億台幣修護商機 並協助提升國內航太修護能量
記者蔣秋麟台北報導

　　為促進國內國防工業發展，提高科技水準，有效發揮民間最大產能，國防部軍
事發言人黃穗生少將昨日表示，陸軍總部將優先推動「軍機策略性商維」，並視成
效再陸續規劃「飛彈及戰甲砲車」商維期程，現階段優先辦理空用裝備委商檢修，
採機隊委商、整機委商、系統委商三種模式合作，預估可提供國內新台幣五十億元
的修護商機，並協助提升國內航太修護能量。

　　針對陸軍所推動的軍機策略性商維執行規劃，黃穗生及陸軍總部後勤署署長李
聖偉少將昨日在國防部例行記者會提出說明，黃穗生強調，陸軍空用裝備區分「核
心」及「非核心」能量，其中特殊用途，如雷達、電戰、武器系統等具機密性、涉
及戰備時效之核心能量，仍將由國軍維持，其餘非核心能量維修工作，則全數釋出
委由民間經營與管理。

　　對此，李聖偉則表示，實施模式將採「機隊委商」、「整機委商」及「系統委
商」三種模式合作，其中非屬戰鬥機隊維修工作，將全數交由民間廠商管理與經營，
而作戰機隊因受全時程警戒戰備支援之限制因素，本軍仍保留「單位級」與「野戰
級」維修工作外，「基地級」則將修護能量全數釋商。

　　此外，對於軍機策略性商維的實施進度，李聖偉則指出，軍機策略性商維預定
將在今年實施「TH-67機隊委商」、「OH-58D整機委商」、「700發動機系統委商」
三案，目前均已完成上網公告作業，經廠家資格審查、簽約後，預定在今年五月份
起陸續執行，而後續預定決標簽約的「 UH-1H整機委商」、「AH-1W系統委商」預定
九十三年執行商維；「CH-47SD整機委商」則於九十四年執行商維。

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Mar14654/index.htm
Lockheed Wins Army CECOM Rapid Response Contract

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Mar14648/index.htm
White: Army Transformation Dates Remain Unchanged
(Source: US Army; issued March 5, 2003)

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Mar14647/index.htm
Robot Finds Booby Traps in Afghanistan

2003-3-12 14:08

美軍傳出墜機的意外。1架美軍黑鷹直升機12日在紐約州的鼓堡近郊墜毀，機上13人有11人死亡，2人重傷。

這架直升機失去聯繫後，軍方立刻派人前往事故地點搜索救援，2名生還者獲救後已被送往附近醫院救治。目前美軍還在調查意外原因。

美強調中共部署數百枚飛彈瞄準台灣，威脅不但具體，而且日益嚴重；敦促我防衛上不過度仰賴美國，要求我方積極投下國防預算，建構飛彈防禦系統，採購長程預警雷達和愛國者三型飛彈。但美方的想法未必符合我方利益。

包含美國在內的多國研究都指出，以飛彈攔截作為抵禦來襲飛彈的唯一方法，不但在技術上不可能達到百分之百的攔截率，而且攻守雙方投資不成比例。我國軍方既有的愛國者二PLUS型飛彈部署大台北地區，一個陣地最大上架彈數卅二枚，三個陣地九十六枚，受射控系統追蹤目標和導引飛彈數目限制，再加上命中率及擊毀率因素，能夠穿透愛國者攔截網的中共飛彈仍頗可觀，愛國者效益在政治心理層面大於實質防禦。

再者，軍方不願公示大眾的另一個窘境，是中共除了四百餘枚M族飛彈在東南沿海虎視眈眈外，尚有相當數量的東風三號和東風廿一號中程飛彈可運用，而其高達十馬赫的終端速度，根本不是愛國者飛彈可能攔截。

國內與美國的官方、學界，最近也公開倡議「先制打擊」Pre-Emptive Strike之說，認為台灣可以發展有限度的攻勢武器，與中共數百枚並在增加中的飛彈相互嚇阻，此議認為其投資經費，遠比採購愛國者飛彈這類低層反飛彈或未來高層反飛彈系統低廉，並能扭轉中共「攻方」主動和台灣「守方」被動態勢，逼迫中共投下巨資構建反飛彈防禦系統，降低台灣防禦負擔。

諸多考慮交互影響下，我軍方原本採取的態度可說相當務實。即美方於八十九年同意的「長程預警雷達」可以建案採購，但以八十九至九十二年間進行四年的「先期規畫」，之後才正編列預算進行採購。而對愛國者三型飛彈，則等它研發成熟，與中科院自己做的天弓二Ａ型反彈道飛彈系統評比，再做決定。

俄國﹕
DEFENSE AND SECURITY
March 10, 2003, Monday
MILITARY INDUSTRIES & CONVERSION
AN ARMY WITHOUT AMMO
沒有彈藥的陸軍
Vremya Novostei, March 6, 2003, p. 4
Nikolai Poroskov
HIGHLIGHT:
THE ENTIRE DEFENSE INDUSTRY HAS BECOME ORIENTED TO FOREIGN CUSTOMERS OWING
TO THE FINANCIAL WEAKNESS OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY. A SHARP EXPORT GROWTH IS
THE ONLY POSITIVE TENDENCY IN THE RUSSIAN MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX.

The details of a meeting held by the commission for military-industrial
issues on Tuesday at which officials discussed an investment program aimed
at technical rearmament of defense enterprises by 2010 became known on March
5. Members of the commission proceeded from basic trends in the Russian
military-industrial complex when distributing money. Representatives of
the Conventional Arms Agency stated at the meeting that the situation in
the industry producing conventional arms is critical. Over 95% of its production
facilities have been used for over ten years. As a rule, such hardware must
be replaced every five to seven years. This means that the industry cannot
guarantee high quality of its products. The industry has another problem
- the number of employees is going down because no one wants to work for
4,000 rubles a month. This is the average wage in the industry.

Last year the Conventional Arms Agency managed to supply over 20 types of
weapons to the Russian security structures. The Agency is now creating a
uniform for soldiers of the 21st century taking in consideration the experience
of combat operations in Chechnya. New weapons for night fights have been
created. The Agency has also created fuel, which does not burn.

In the meantime however, the Army cannot afford to buy all this. As a result,
every third enterprise of the military-industrial complex may go bust.
Enterprises producing cartridges are in a very difficult situation. Five
such plants have already been bankrupted. The Tula plant has managed to
survive thanks to exports of hunting cartridges. It should be noted that
the entire defense industry has become oriented to foreign customers owing
to the financial weakness of the Russian Army. A sharp export growth is
the only positive tendency in the Russian military-industrial complex. At
present, the profitability of plants producing weapons for foreign customers
is 25% to 30%. The Conventional Arms Agency exports weapons to 25 countries;
its profit amounted to over 5 billion rubles in 2002. In addition, defense
enterprises upgrade weapons and military vehicles sold to foreign countries
by the Soviet Union. This is another very good source of revenue, which
helps defense enterprises survive. Russian designers make first attempts
to upgrade Western weapons. In addition, Russia has created several types
of automatic rifles using NATOs calibers. Some Western nations have already
added these products to their armies arsenals.

However, the military thinks that such attention to foreign markets is a
strategic mistake. This is why defense enterprises are seeking a way out
from the current situation. The state has created the ideology of the development
of the military-industrial complex and passed the program for reform and
development of the military-industrial complex and the armament program.
The state finances the development of new technologies within the framework
of the National Technological Basis program. Meanwhile, the Army will not
have up-to-date weapons in the near future if the state realizes these programs
with its usual finesse.

ALEXANDER NOZDRACHEV, DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF THE RUSSIAN CONVENTIONAL ARMS
AGENCY: THE GOVERNMENT ACKNOWLEDGED IN DECREE NO. 713 THAT WE HAVE TOO
MANY DEFENSE ENTERPRISES. OVER 1,700 PLANTS OF THE MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
DO NOT HAVE THE STATE DEFENSE ORDER. BIG HOLDINGS ARE NOW BEING CREATING
IN THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY. OUR AGENCY WILL CREATE NINE SUCH HOLDINGS, WHICH
WILL WORK IN THE SPHERES OF HIGH-PRECISION WEAPONS, PRODUCTION OF CARTRIDGES
AND LIGHT ARMORED VEHICLES. WE WILL HAVE FOUR OR FIVE HOLDINGS PRODUCING
OPTICAL DEVICES AND ONE TANK PRODUCING CORPORATION. BIG HOLDINGS WILL BE
ABLE TO WORK ON FOREIGN MARKETS IF THEY MANAGE TO RECEIVE LICENSES FROM
THE COMMITTEE FOR MILITARY-TECHNICAL COOPERATION. (Translated by Alexander
Dubovoi) TS

----------
http://www.globalsecurity.org/org/news/2003/030314-iraq01.htm
The armies: Saddams weakened army expected to defend Baghdad
伊拉克陸軍將保護巴格達
After decimation in the last Gulf war and 12 years of economic sanctions,
Iraqs military has withered, going from a one-million-strong fighting force
that was once the fourth-biggest in the world, to a mainly rag-tag outfit
half that size suffering low morale.

But military experts said there remained a well-trained core that could
still prove deadly to US forces if, as expected, President Saddam Hussein
deploys them in and around his strongholds: Baghdad and his northern hometown
of Tikrit.

With no real air force nor navy left to speak of after Iraqs defeat in
1991, US commanders have turned their attention to the army.

That is estimated at around 400,000 strong, with 2,000 tanks, 3,700 other
armoured vehicles and thousands of heavy weapons, including anti-tank and
anti-aircraft missiles, according to figures from GlobalSecurity.org, a
US military analysis firm. In comparison, the United States and Britain
have assembled 250,000 troops for their planned invasion.

But up to three-quarters of the Iraqi army is believed to be in no state
to fight, according to US and British media reports. Underfunded, underfed
and reportedly ready to surrender in their thousands, the ordinary soldiers
are largely dismissed in both Baghdad and Washingtons war plans.

The remaining 100,000, members of the Republican Guards and the elite Special
Republic Guards, on the other hand, pose a credible defence. Better paid,
better trained and much better equipped, these divisions are seen as fiercely
loyal to Saddam and ready to offer a strong riposte.

Having learned from his strategic failures in Gulf War I, when he severely
underestimated the strength, technology and the resolve of the allied forces
arrayed against his army, Saddam is widely expected to group his hard-core
soldiers around Baghdad and Tikrit for a last stand.

The aim would be to lure the US and British soldiers into the urban centres,
thus negating the US advantage of air supremacy and putting the invaders
in unfamiliar settings crowded with civilians -- all of whom have been exhorted
to make guerrilla strikes themselves.

Saddams tactic would be to create a sort of Grozny or Mogadishu scenario,
where US troops could be picked off and where they would hesitate to hit
back, experts said.

Various military analysts have warned of very heavy casualties from fighting
through blocked and barricaded streets, under constant attack from snipers,
dug-in tanks and plunging mortar bombs -- as well as the pervasive small
arms fire of thousands of militia volunteers, said Edward Luttwak of the
Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington.

But civilian resistance is unlikely to be effective, and Israels now-regular
armoured assaults against the Palestinians in the Gaza Strip show that it
could be done, he added in comment to Britains The Sunday Times and the
United States Newsweek.

Before that point, though, most of the US-led forces will have to traverse
more than 500 kilometres (300 miles) from the Kuwait border to the Iraqi
capital -- a long journey along a road network that starts in the marshy
south and goes through hot, dry desert.

The advance will sorely test US logistics, and the invaders will not be
able to move any faster than their fuel and water supplies.

Saddam could also blow up dams across the Euphrates and Tigris rivers that
run across his country, thus stalling US convoys at deep waters until military
engineers build bridges.

But the biggest unknown factor, and the one that most unsettles the GIs
and their commanders is Iraqs alleged stock of chemical and biological
weapons. Will a cornered Saddam use them?

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Mar14839/index.htm
GD Wins $38.5M For Abrams Tank Materials

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Mar14838/index.htm
EADS/MBDA Solution for UK Ground Based Air Defence Programme Demonstrates Its Capabilities

Abu Dhabi, 16 March: Deliveries to foreign customers of updated air
defence missile systems Pechora-2M in a mobile version are planned to be
started even this year, managing director of the Kuntsevo design bureau
Vladimir Krasnov said at the IDEX-2003 exhibition on Sunday 16 March .
The head of the Kuntsevo design bureau did not specify the size of the
first contract for updated Pechoras, noting only that there will be
several dozens of them.

The total market of the updated Pechora missiles in a mobile version is
estimated at 500 units. Talks have been held with India, Vietnam,
Bulgaria and Laos. The system was also presented to several African countries,

including Algeria, Libya, Ethiopia, Somalia and Zambia.

According to Krasnov, potential foreign customers are offered not only
the basic version of the updated Pechora-2M but also other versions,
differing from one another by a degree of modernization, price and
specifications.

The Kuntsevo design bureau acts as the head organization on updating
the Pechora-2M in the Russian-Belarusian interstate financial and
industrial group Defensive Systems. The group includes 20 factories...

ABU DHABI, March 16

The Russian updated T-72M1 tank stole the show at the IDEX weapons
exhibition in the United Arab Emirates. It performed several speedy
maneuvers during its short 90-second programme, negotiating the zone of

obstacles with unusual ease. According to Arms-Tass, it won laud
applause from the public, which included many representatives from the military
command of Arab countries.

Demonstration of foreign-made military hardware was not that successful.

The Flyer light vehicle was the first to show its prowess: trying to make
a jump, it landed unluckily, was damaged and ground to a stop. An auxiliary
vehicle was to be used to evacuate it.

The light army multifunctional jeep, based on Hammer, stuck in the
zone of obstacles, failing to negotiate an upgrade.

The Tiger caterpillar vehicle damaged its own transmission while
maneuvering and was forced to leave the proving ground, driving
backward.

March 12, 2003

RUSSIA TO EXHIBIT UNIQUE MISSILE SYSTEM AT ARMS SHOW

Excerpt of report in English by Russian news agency Interfax-AVN web site

Moscow, 12 March: Russia will exhibit a broad range of weapons for the land
forces and navy at the International Defence Exhibition (IDEX) 2003 that is
to take place in Abu Dhabi from 16 to 20 March, the press service of the
Rosoboroneksport state-owned arms trader told Interfax-Military News Agency
on Wednesday 12 March ...

Prospective customers are offered the Iskander-E unique high-precision
tactical surface-to-surface missile system; 155-mm Krasnopol system of
guided armament designed for artillery systems of non-Russian production;
the Vikhr-M missile system, of which modifications can be mounted on
helicopters, armoured vehicles and warships; Khrizantema-S antitank missile
system possessing increased armour-piercing capacities and having no
analogues abroad.

Specialists attention will be undoubtedly drawn by new types of projectiles
and warheads of projectiles for MLRS multi-launch rocket systems . Special
focus is given to a programme of combined utilization of the Pchela-1
remotely controlled air vehicle in tandem with the Smerch MLRS. This project
provides the unique opportunity of their complex combat using with selective
and timely engagement of identified targets round-the-clock and in any
weather conditions. Tests have proved that as the resultant of the
interfacing, time of engagement of target by missiles of modernized Smerch
MLRS after March decreased 5-6 times, while consumption of missiles
diminished 1.5 times...

Undoubtedly, at the centre of everybodys attention will be Buk-M1-2, which
is the unique medium-range SA missile system equipped with an upgraded
missile. Actually it is the only existing in the world SAMS capable of
destroying not only air targets, including Stealth aircraft, but warships as
well. Foreign partners can also see versions of modernization of the Pechora
SA missile system and Shilka air defence self-propelled mount, which were
exported previously to many foreign countries. In the naval part of the
Russian pavilion are widely presented the latest projects of surface ships
of corvette-frigate types, patrol and amphibious boats, which may be of
special interest for the region states...

據了解，國防部成立的中東戰事觀察小組，已經指派兩名上校前往安曼，並以此做為據點，任務是觀察美伊戰情，以及廣泛搜集這場戰爭戰法，做為國軍部隊的戰備訓練參考。由於戰爭開打，飛往安曼的航空班機，不是停飛就是改道，小組成員尚未抵達此地。

目前，在安曼的外國人，不是記者，便是極可能具有軍人身分的「神秘人士」，幾不見任何觀光客或經商生意人蹤跡。

九一年波灣戰爭，軍方亦曾派員前往中東地區觀察，並研析美軍戰法戰術。

九一年的波灣戰爭對各國的建軍都產生影響，戰事結束後，我國軍方隨即積極採購可以攔截彈道飛彈的愛國者飛彈，並建立反飛彈系統。

根據國防部對波灣戰爭評估資料，認為波灣戰爭是戰史中大量運用地對地飛彈的首例，也是唯一大量運用地對地飛彈的戰例，故飛彈作戰的模式和戰術，進入嶄新境界。

國防部評估報告中還注意到，飛彈攻擊時，原先一個彈體在上空，再加上攔截的飛彈，反而成為兩顆飛彈；以色列即抱怨，愛國者飛彈攔截到飛毛腿飛彈後，在其上空爆炸所造成的損害，反而加倍。然而，若無飛彈攔截能力，一般民眾更是會恐慌。

由於中共Ｍ族飛彈的威脅，國防部於波灣戰後，花費二年的時間，並與具有波灣戰爭實戰經驗的諮詢顧問，先後對台北地區完成了十五處飛彈陣地的探勘，並經過電腦模擬測試，始決定設陣地點，並積極採購三套愛國者飛彈，建構北部反飛彈戰力。

同時，國防部研究美軍攻擊伊拉克的重要政軍設施，飛彈相當準確，而伊拉克防空及反飛彈戰力薄弱，因此，明知有一些目標可能遭攻擊，除了疏散或地下化外，可說是束手無策；國防部研究美軍攻擊目標，再參酌中共軍力後，曾修定台灣防衛作戰指導「固安計畫」，將原先約一百個可能遭攻擊的目標，調整修訂至約五十個，並據此研擬防衛作為。

九一年波灣戰爭，在印度洋上空的ＤＳＰ衛星，對伊拉克境內每十二秒鐘掃描一次，當伊拉克發射飛毛腿飛彈，整個監測、鑑別到通知地面愛國者陣地過程約需五分鐘，而飛毛腿至以色列的射程約七分鐘，因此，愛國者只有一分鐘的反應時間，另約一分鐘則為飛彈升空攔截所餘時間，稍一遲延，雖攔截到飛彈，但爆裂彈片仍能造成地面傷亡。國防部並了解，飛彈攔截成功率並非百分之百。

軍方內部還曾研究波灣戰爭的終戰時機，並認為聯軍動用大規模兵力，佔有絕對優勢，且包圍哈珊所屬精銳效忠部隊，如果當時聯軍迫使哈珊共和衛隊繳械，將有效屈服海珊部隊戰鬥意志，達到迫使哈珊下台，政權易主的作戰目標，但美國在考量中東均勢喊停，以政略影響軍事用兵，以致波灣情勢迄今無法圓滿解決。

這次美伊戰事，除了先期空中攻擊，飛彈攻擊外，最值得國防部中東戰事觀察小組研究的課題，包括城鎮戰戰法，美軍如何攻，伊拉克又如何守，以及美軍對伊國軍民進行的心戰作為等。

　記者管淑平／編譯

伊拉克當地時間21日清晨，美軍第三步兵師的先頭部隊在大批裝甲戰車開道下，從科威特北部沙漠挺進伊拉克南部，第二大城巴斯拉砲聲隆隆，同時聯軍部隊也轟炸北部產油重鎮摩索。稍早英美陸戰隊已經在砲兵掩護下越過伊拉克邊界展開地面進攻，同時首都巴格達也再度遭到美國戰機第二輪空襲，規模明顯比前一日猛烈，這一波共發射了72枚戰斧飛彈，擊中了包括海珊總統官邸和軍事設施。

美軍第三步兵師的先頭部隊第七騎兵隊第三中隊，21日凌晨在布萊德雷裝甲攻擊車和M1A1阿布拉姆斯主力戰車的開路下，從科威特北部沙漠朝伊拉克南部前進，空中有空中武士直昇機以距離地面不到50英尺低空飛行，同時美軍重型轟炸機航也航向同一個方向，伊南石油重鎮巴斯拉方向傳出砲聲，顯然是英美這波地面戰的攻擊目標。

這波攻擊規模比起前晚砲兵展開地面戰時的炮火猛烈得多，50公里外就可看到炮火，15分鐘內30個火球竄向天空，把夜空照得如同白晝，美國轟炸機伊拉克防空炮火聲清晰可聞，美軍進攻時遭遇的伊拉克部隊抵抗並不多，僅初期有敵意炮火，美軍摧毀了6到7輛戰車和卡車。巴斯拉是伊拉克臨海的第二大城，為石油重鎮，在戰前就是美軍鎖定的首要攻擊目標。

同時，當地時間清晨4點30分，伊拉克北部的石油重鎮摩索也遭到英美聯軍轟炸，至少兩架戰機飛臨，傳出劇烈爆炸聲，地面防空陣地隨即發射炮火回擊。此外，伊拉克西部沙漠地區的阿卡夏特和努克海也有軍事行動，據信為英美特種部隊已經進入當地搜索大規模毀滅性武器。

英美聯軍的地面攻勢在20日晚間8點發動地面入侵，倫敦和華府都證實，美國海軍第一遠征隊和英國皇家陸戰隊在砲兵掩護下，從科威特進入伊拉克南部，部分部隊一度與伊拉克部隊短兵相接，不過軍方說，比起12年前的波灣戰爭，這次他們遭遇的抵抗不多。

同時美軍也對巴格達展開第二輪的轟炸，發射72枚戰斧飛彈，擊中海珊的一處總統官邸，巴格達市中心包括外交部在內的政府大樓多處目標，及海珊最精銳的共和國衛隊據點悉遭美國巡航導彈攻擊。英國首相布萊爾在台北時間6時發表錄影演說，證實英國陸海空三軍參與了第二輪的攻擊伊拉克行動，英國的潛艦也發射了多枚瞄準巴格達的飛彈，布萊爾說，英軍最主要的任務是解決伊拉克武裝與去除海珊政權。

陸軍飛彈營接訓志願士兵備感榮耀
2003/3/20
（軍聞社記者袁靖宇專訪）國軍將從今年 起招募志願士
兵，這是國家全面推行募兵制的 試金石，也是新里程碑。
陸軍飛指部六六一營中的兩個連，曾連續 兩年獲得國軍模
範連隊的最高殊榮，因此，被 選為實施志願士兵制度的驗證
單位。
營長劉先泰中校表示，該營的特性為擔任 廿四小時的立即
戰備部隊，全天候監控、偵蒐 敵情動態；其主要任務為提供
台灣中、北部各 政、經、軍各要域的防空安全火力，平、戰
時 均受空軍作戰司令部的作戰管制，依命令對進 犯的敵機予
以攔截。
因此，該部隊的官兵除了要能裝備操作外 ，還要能修護、
故障排除，換句話說，如果在 飛彈發射的過程中，發生問
題，就必須立即處 理，故這些志願士兵規劃未來進入部隊
後，將 以防空武器系統操作、保修等專業技能的項目 為主；
所以，將會要求具備電子、電機、機械 等相關專長的志願士
兵，使專長與部隊特性相 結合，節省訓練時間，擴大服役的
成效。
劉先泰中校指出，該營的天弓飛彈，是國 人自製的防空飛
彈，訓練的內容分為新專（新 兵專業）訓練、組合訓練、綜
合訓練（配合戰 備執勤）及系統聯合操作等四個階段，以往
義 務役士兵的役期二年到一年十個月不等，扣掉 新訓中心的
一個月入伍訓練，爾後再施以四個 階段的專業訓練，通常在
人員的技術條件成熟 後，這些士兵都將退伍，所以，此次國
防部招 募長役期的士兵，對厚植飛彈部隊的戰力而言 ，其影
響是不言可喻。
至於對新進人員訓練，因為飛彈部隊是高 度專業化技能的
單位，其訓練宗旨在使官兵能 在自已專業領域上，可以獨當
一面後，讓官兵 在戰備或公餘時能依據本身生涯規劃，從事
終 身學習，以獲得充分的學識與技能，利於戰備 任務的有效
遂行。
劉營長強調，部隊是個大家庭，對新進人 員照顧及要求的
重點，著重於使其能迅速適應 部隊生活，融入團體，並在訓
練要求上，以先 完成基礎專長訓練，配合部隊實務完成組合
訓 練，再精進至結合防空戰備的系統聯合操作為 重點。
對於有機會接訓陸軍第一批志願士兵，劉 中校說，將恪遵
上級政策指導，以強化內部管 理、精實戰備訓練、落實裝備
整備及照顧官兵 生活等方面執行；並朝內部管理制度化、教
育 訓練精實化、裝備保養專業化、官兵服務保障 化的目標邁
進，以達到高素質專業化、職能化 及全民國防為目標；而全
體接訓幹部，對於能 接受此項國家重大政策之任務，都備感
榮耀， 並期勉自己務必全力全心投入各項訓練及輔導 工作，
不負長官及國人期許。

[路透華盛頓電]美國軍方周六表示，一名美國士兵因在科威特的第101空降師指揮營中，疑似涉及使其13名同袍受傷的攻擊事件而遭收押。

「在第101空降師單位遭攻擊事件後，一名嫌犯隨即遭拘禁。他是名被派至101空降師的士兵，」美國中央指揮部在一份聲明中說。

「兩名傷者在治療後無恙。直昇機將另11名傷者送到該區域的陸軍戰鬥支援醫院，」聲明中說。

聲明中並未指認所有士兵的身份。(完)

http://news.yam.com/afp/international/news/200303/20030323123503.html
一美軍遭監禁 傳以手榴彈傷害十三名同袍
2003-3-23 12:35

（法新社科威特二十三日電） 美國國防部發言人告訴記者說，一名派在科威特的美軍遭到逮捕，他涉嫌在科威特投擲手榴彈進行恐怖攻擊，導致十三名同袍受傷。

發言人布魯曼菲德說：﹁這名嫌犯因為攻擊第一０一空降師的同袍，已經遭到監禁。﹂

他說：﹁這名嫌犯是該空降師的一名軍人。初步調查顯示他使用手榴彈進行攻擊。﹂

科威特北部沙漠一處防守嚴密的美軍軍營，今天清晨有十三人受傷。

記者盧德允／台北報導

國防部軍備副部長陳肇敏昨天指出，美伊開戰數日來，伊拉克發射十一枚飛毛腿飛彈，美軍愛國者飛彈只攔截到兩枚，效果不如預期。但他也證實，國軍採購愛國者三型飛彈按照期程進行，「在中共增加導彈威脅情況下，是有加快腳步」。

立法院國防委員會昨針對國防武器採購政策規畫邀陳肇敏率所屬報告備詢，陳肇敏答覆立委郭榮宗「是否因美施壓而加快愛國者飛彈採購」時，作上述表示。

據了解，美方質疑我方面對中共飛彈威脅，卻不積極採購長程預警雷達和愛國者三型飛彈以建構飛彈防禦系統，過度倚賴美國防衛台灣的承諾，沒有保衛自己的誠意。我方遭受壓力下，已確定加速採購雷達和飛彈，雖然媒體披露後國防部曾予否認，但陳肇敏昨天答覆立委質詢，證實確有此事。

據了解，兩套「長程預警雷達」將投資二百六十億元；愛國者三型飛彈採購套數猶待最後決策，但若採購六套部署於中、南部並性能提升既有三套，大約是一千一百餘億元。

此次聯軍支援部署在伊拉克周邊國家的愛國者飛彈系統，仍以二型為主，美軍則部分搭配三型，讓還未完成測試評估的三型接受實戰洗禮，驗證性能、找尋缺點。二型與三型在射控系統上差異不大，軟體略有修改。但二型和三型飛彈完全不同，二型可攔飛機和飛彈，採近發引信高爆彈頭，三型專攔飛彈，彈體較細，以直接撞擊來擊毀目標，且單價遠高於二型。

至於近日美軍發射攔截伊拉克彈道飛彈的愛國者是二型或三型，也不知前天誤擊英軍龍捲風戰機的是二或三型，目前尚無具體資訊。

美方認為，台灣目前僅有三套愛國者二 PLUS 型飛彈系統，全部署在大台北地區陣地內，保衛政經中樞；但台灣中、南部都會區和為數眾多的軍用機場、軍港、重工業區等重要資產，則沒有反飛彈系統，等於全數暴露在中共飛彈攻擊之下。

原本國防部對採購愛國者三型的態度相當保守，認為愛國者三型尚在研發而有技術風險，而且國內中科院正據天弓二型防空飛彈研改「低層反戰術彈道飛彈系統」ATBM，最後採購何者，有待整體評估和國人建立共識。不過今年初軍方政策有了大躍進，國防部決策提前採購愛國者三型，已要求陸軍總部加緊建案，採購幾套將視政府財力而定，最多六套並性能提升現有三套，或分批採購，或者部分採用中科院的ATBM 互為搭配。一般咸信，美國防部高級官員邰瑪莉本月中來台北秘密訪問，就是為了「飛彈防禦」和預警雷達、愛國者三型飛彈的事而來。

(中央社記者韓乃國倫敦二十四日專電)英國「天空新聞」電視頻道報導說，美軍今天出動四十架阿帕契攻擊直昇機，對駐守在伊拉克首都巴格達城外的共和衛隊進行空中轟炸。

報導引述美國軍事將領的話說，這次的行動目的是要在聯軍地面部隊開始巴格達戰役前，先讓伊拉克總統海珊的精銳部隊「軟化」。

(中央社記者韓乃國倫敦二十五日專電)根據英國天空新聞電視頻道今晚的報導，英軍「沙漠之鼠」裝甲部隊於夜間在巴斯拉城外和伊拉克部隊戰鬥期間，有一輛挑戰者二號坦克不幸被另一輛英軍同型坦克發射的砲火擊中，中彈的坦克內有四名人員，其中兩人當場死亡，另兩人身受重傷，目前在醫院急救中。

　 阿帕契攻擊直升機在這次美伊戰爭扮演重要攻堅角色，除擔任偵察和搜索斥候任務外，也負責美軍地面部隊的掩護工作。陸軍高層將領表示，如果沒有阿帕契攻擊直升機，聯軍這次地面挺進過程將更為困難，陸空聯合作戰仍有一定成效。

　 這位將領指出，陸軍除注意愛國者飛彈戰果外，也持續觀察阿帕契攻擊直升機近日在戰鬥中的表現，以及美軍在運用AH-1W和OH-58D這兩型直升機戰術戰法，他認為，從目前美伊戰爭的戰況來看，以一九九一年波灣戰爭而建構的空權決定論可能需要修正，地面部隊在這次美伊戰爭中反而扮演決定性角色。反觀台海防衛作戰，因為受波灣戰爭影響，近年來完全著重海空防衛，地面防衛卻被忽略，逐漸緊縮的陸軍戰力是否應該再下降值得討論。

　 將領指出，陸軍從一九九一年波灣戰爭中觀察美軍的M1A1戰車和包括阿帕契等各型攻擊直升機，以及愛國者飛彈表現後，就計畫採購這些武器，其中有些已經獲得，但像M1A1這種重型戰車經評估後不適合台灣，軍方已經決定不予列入採購項目；但阿帕契攻擊直升機機動性高、火力強大，在台海防衛中仍是攻守俱佳的利器。

　 陸軍希望採購的是阿帕契攻擊直升機D型，這種機型在旋翼軸上裝有「長弓」雷達，雷達天線安裝在主旋軸的頂部，可進行三百六十度的全方位掃描，同時具有對空和對地兩種搜索模式，鎖定瞄準目標的速度不但比AH-64A快，還能瞄準多個目標同時發動攻擊。

　 在攻擊火力方面，AH-64最多可以攜帶十六枚射程達八公里的「地獄火」半主動激光制導反坦克導彈，並備一門機砲，攜彈量達一千兩百發，另可以掛載七十釐米火箭，可用來對付輕裝甲目標。

針對國防部軍備副部長陳肇敏日前在立法院備詢時，曾指美軍的愛國者飛彈攔截伊拉克飛毛腿飛彈效果不如預期，美國國防部廿八日回應說，這種說法不正確，愛國者飛彈當時攔截率是百分之百。

美國防部發言人戴維斯廿八日回答聯合報詢問時表示，聯軍剛對伊拉克開戰時，伊拉克曾對科威特發射了十枚飛彈，美國的愛國者飛彈立刻升空攔截，其中有七枚伊拉克飛彈被成功攔截，另外三枚則是因為愛國者防空飛彈系統在研判後認為並無威脅，因此根本沒有發射飛彈攔截。

「所以攔截率應該是百分之百。」戴維斯說，這是根據美軍中央指揮部兩天前簡報的資訊。

據了解，美國軍方對陳肇敏的發言十分不以為然，因此美國在台協會負責與台北軍方連絡的人員，這幾天不斷自台北與華府詢問台灣軍方官員，陳肇敏的資訊是那裡來的？有何憑據？

美國政府最近一直敦促台北方面要加強飛彈防禦能力，以因應中共的飛彈威脅，也極力推薦台北採用仍在最後測試階段的愛國者三型飛彈系統。

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Mar15077/index.htm
Maiden Flight Of The Production HAP Tiger

美伊戰爭中，愛國者飛彈的攔截率表現不佳，國防部長湯曜明25日表示，我國最快
在2005年才會編列採購預算。這次的美伊戰事，我方會收集相關軍情資訊後再決定
是否採購，以及採購哪一型的飛彈。

由於立委質疑愛國者飛彈的攔截率過低，擔心我國要花大筆金額採購這種性能不良
的飛彈，因此國防部長湯曜明表示，國軍現有3套愛國者二型改良型飛彈系統，未來
評估購買愛國者三型飛彈系統。國防部正密切蒐集美國和伊拉克戰爭中愛國者飛彈
射擊命中率作為評估依據，慎重決定將來採購的選項。

湯曜明表示，採購愛國者飛彈最主要是防禦中國部署在福建和浙江的導彈威脅，湯
曜明希望和對岸簽訂五十年和平協定，如果得到對方保證，可能可以減少採購愛國
者飛彈，行政院長游錫?也同意這樣的做法。

目前美伊戰爭如火如荼的開打，國防部也同時密切蒐集資訊作為日後備戰參考。國
防部軍事發言人黃穗生表示，愛國者飛彈作戰效能是國防部觀察評估的重要項目。
國防部在獲得愛國者的實戰參數後，經過審慎評估，會規劃符合國家需要的反飛彈
體系。

至於，美伊戰事的評估，國防部採取低調作為，不願多做評論。

http://tw.news.yahoo.com/2003/03/28/polity/cna/3899147.html
中央社 2003年03月28日
湯曜明：八到九成中共襲台飛彈可攔截

　　（中央社記者王鴻國台北二十八日電）國防部長湯曜明今天在立法院答詢表示，
中共飛彈若襲台，依目前評估，約八到九成可攔截。美國近日將說明美伊戰爭「愛
國者飛彈」的表現，據他瞭解攔截比例很高。立委詢問是否派員前往美軍「愛國者
飛彈」陣地觀摩？他說，這對軍方來說是「活的教材」，已派員前往觀察。

　　國民黨籍立委羅世雄（高雄市）今天在立法院總質詢時表示，美軍飛彈轟炸巴
格達的情形讓台灣「感同身受」，因為中共正有四百枚導彈瞄準台灣，他詢問湯曜
明若中共飛彈襲台，台灣究竟有幾顆「愛國者飛彈」？又可排除多少枚飛彈？

　　湯曜明表示，在台北市週圍布置有三組「愛國者飛彈」，但他不願透露飛彈有
幾枚。他說，飛彈防禦系統是不可能達到百分之百效能，但依目前來看，飛彈攔截
率「有百分之八十到九十可排除」。

　　羅世雄問，台灣軍方缺乏實戰經驗，是否有趁此次美伊戰爭派員前往美軍「愛
國者飛彈」陣地觀摩？以外電報導，伊拉科向科威特投射飛彈十二枚，美軍「愛國
者飛彈」只能排除二枚，這些都令人憂慮。