邵族正名運動 尋求歷史定位

張媛姍╱專題報導
2003/03/04

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日月潭的德化社（BARWBAW）是目前邵族僅存的一支，日據時代，德化社即是邵族的居住地，根據邵族的傳說，他們的祖先原本是狩獵民族，自阿里山追逐白鹿來到日月潭邊，看到這裡的好山好水，從此定居下來，並由狩獵改為漁獵生活，史料的記載中，邵族最鼎盛時期共有10個社，2、3千個族人。

從文獻記載中顯示，邵族人曾是日月潭區域中最有影響力的領導族群，但是因經過歷史發展上的現實與無奈，邵族人的分布領域逐漸縮減，到最後僅餘日月潭附近的小盆地，而在這個盆地上，則只有兩個村落有邵族人聚居，一個是日月潭畔的日月村；另一個是水里鄉頂崁村的大平林聚落，根據內政部最新的統計資料，邵族的人口目前僅存283人，可說是當今世界上人數最少的原住民族群。

日月村德化社，這裡是邵族人歷史上最主要的聚居地，不過村內的人口結構中，邵族人卻只佔五分之一強，其餘的五分之四都是漢人，以文化發展和民族命脈傳承的立場來看，邵族人的確需要一個屬於自己文化發展的空間，來經營自己面臨重大危機的民族文化，因此在921地震後，受重創的德化社，在邵族人著手重建家園之際，同時也向政府提出了重返祖居地的要求。

在邵族人的觀念裡，房子震倒了可以再蓋，但文化消失了，卻永遠不可能再重現了，所以，他們除了硬體重建建設之外，也積極推動一連串文化保存的活動，包括：計劃中的織布、邵族文化解說員訓練；執行中的邵族傳統獨木舟製作計劃、傳統狩獵文化研究計劃、邵族動植物誌、杵音及傳統歌舞教習、演出，以及已執行的母語研習課程等，這些都是邵族人對族群文化保存、傳承所做的努力，而最終的目的只有一個，就是希望邵族的文化能夠永遠長存在這片美麗的寶島上。

近年來，邵族的年輕人努力推動邵族正名運動，現在政府對於原住民身份的認定，是以所謂的「九族」原住民為主，九族中並無邵族的名稱，邵族人的身份登記是以「曹族平地山胞」作為族籍的身份登錄，而曹族就是鄒族，曹或鄒只是不同時期、不同語言（國語或閩南語）的音譯誤差而已，因此，邵族人秉持著邵族為一個獨立族群，擁有自己傳統語言與固有祭典習俗的理念，要求政府正視這項民族文化傳承的歷史定位，還給邵族一個正式的族名。

終於，在90年8月8日行政院通過，同年9月23日由陳水扁總統親自宣佈「邵」族為台灣原住民第十族，完成邵族人心繫多年的正名夢想。

活動時間：2003年3月29日至31日（星期六至星期一，共3天2夜）
活動地點：Rulakes部落（台東縣金峰鄉歷坵村）
主辦單位：東師「東海岸年輕人」、歷坵社區發展協會、魯拉克斯部落社區營造協會
協辦單位：東師那魯灣青年社
贊助單位：台東市公所、台東師院教師會、台灣東社、南島社區大學、南島原住民社區大學、台東縣永續發展協會、台東水利局、台東縣議會
活動內容：詳見活動流程表
招生對象：各大專院校社團幹部， 每校1-2名。
招生名額：150人
參加費用：免費
報名時間：即日起受理報名，至2003年3月20 日。
報名方式：填妥報名表後E-mail至[email protected]信箱。
或電洽089-341120 0919566773
注意事項
活動期間敬請自備盥洗用具、輕便衣物、運動鞋、拖鞋、隨身藥品、溯溪鞋、碗
筷、雨衣。
活動流程表
3/29（六）親近部落-水的儀式、火的儀式、芒草儀式、黃藤儀式、配刀儀式；
祈福禱告-野外採集、野外坎食；暗夜尋蹤-尋訪夜行性動物；祖靈托夢
3/30（日）Duvilu都飛魯溫泉自然生態之旅-生態步道、渡溪便橋、溯溪之旅、森
林步道、青青草原、都飛魯溫泉；晚宴、部落親善交流晚會；圍爐夜
話話環保、椰璽溫泉泡湯
3/31（一）部落生活巡禮、mali mali再見！祝平安

台灣原住民族原本是沒有文字的民族，但目前各族即將擁有政府認定、公布的族語書寫系統，未來也將據此發展各族的文字及文學。

行政院原民會教育文化處處長汪秋一（阿美族）昨天表示，原民會委託國立台灣師大英語系教授黃美金等語言學家研擬的台灣原住民各族族語書寫系統，最近已定案，可望在十六日舉行的「原住民族語言書寫系統確認會議」通過，隨後即可會同教育部頒布實施。

汪秋一指出，原住民族語言書寫系統主要依據原住民部落中習慣使用的教會羅馬拼音系統（簡稱教會版），因為原民會這兩年舉辦兩次族語認證考試的筆試都採用此一系統，最近與各族代表多次討論後已取得共識。

汪秋一說：「台灣原住民族將要有自己的文字了，這是幾千年來的大事！」

原民會今年除了制定原住民族語言書寫系統，還將配合舉行族語教材編纂、族語字辭典編纂、族語師資培訓、原住民族文化等相關研習營，以推廣各族使用這套書寫系統，來整理該族的母語、外來語語彙。

汪秋一認為，原住民各族將採用這套書寫系統，記錄或重新整理各族的神話、傳說，並且從事文學創作，預料很快會有以這套書寫系統撰寫的文學出版品。

擁有文學博士學位的原民會副主委浦忠成（鄒族）表示，他過去採集鄒族神話、傳說，都以中文呈現、出版，其實很多原住民族語言無法以中文精確翻譯，例如鄒族著名的祭典mayasvi，中文不論翻成戰祭或凱族祭，都無法表達真正意思。

浦忠成說，原住民族有了初步的書寫系統，未來就可以逐漸發展文字功能；在把語彙文字化的問題上，原住民各族的語言都有外來語，日據時代留下不少日語外來語，當前也有各種外來語，例如在中文的電腦、英文的computer之間要用哪一種？可能就要選擇與國際接軌的 computer。

土坂部落女頭目登基 鄉長也要聽她的


記者施鴻基／台東報導
2003/04/20

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廖正春（左）為包秀美（右）加冠，宣布她繼任東排灣土坂部落第十二任聯合頭目。
記者施鴻基／攝影

東排灣族土坂部落族人以獵槍對空鳴槍，表達對新任聯合頭目包秀美的敬意，和禮砲意義類似。
記者施鴻基／攝影
台東縣達仁鄉東排灣族土坂部落是國內極少數保持家臣制度的部落，聯合頭目包春琴前年去世，長女包秀美繼任已滿兩年，昨天終於完成「登基」，成為東排灣土坂部落第十二任聯合頭目。
依照土坂部落傳統，包秀美繼任頭目後，是族內最有權威的決策者，如果未經她同意，甚至政府施政在當地都會受阻。她的弟弟包世晶雖為鄉長，但只要返回部落，仍要聽命於她。

民國九十年三月間，前頭目包春琴「執政」第六十六年後過世。原住民姓氏「巴加里努克」的包家傳統採取「長世襲」制，包春琴去世當天，首席專屬女巫朱連金施法祈福，奉請包秀美繼任。但包秀美一直婉謝族人好意不肯登基，土坂部落去年七月豐年祭首次發生無頭目主持的窘況。

包秀美先前認為，她母親包春琴過世當天，她就由部落族人見證，經朱連金主持「巴力洗」祈福儀式繼任頭目，部落事務都由她決定，不辦登基大典也無所謂，不必勞動族人參與。

包家對外多以包秀美一度懷孕不潔不便繼任為由說明，但有人質疑與去年選鄉長時包家內部不合有關，包家未說明真正原因。經過家族成員折衝，族人認為，陳水扁當選總統後還是要經宣誓就職的儀式，才能行使職權；包秀美繼任頭目如果不辦登基大典，難以維繫各部落，甚至會影響土坂部落族人的向心力，認為還是要辦，於是著手準備昨天的典禮。

昨天清晨六時，包家就開始忙碌，同在土坂部落、屬於包家的卡加日坂、答鹿答旦日的兩大姓氏族人多前往幫忙。七時整，包秀美、朱連金等人帶領家臣到祖靈屋內施行「立家屋、招祖靈」古禮，族人董豐山解說儀式意義。

隨後包秀美在族人見證下冊立秘書廖正春、專屬女巫朱連金、祭司包進登（暫由邱新成代替）、男覡董文生、國師連絡人黃國緯、巫婆李桂香。完成「立家屋、招祖靈」儀式後，由廖正春為包秀美加冠，宣布包秀美繼任土坂部落包家聯合頭目，族人鳴槍致敬或鼓掌歡呼。

愛臺雅(ATAYAL)文化基金會以推廣臺灣原住民文化為宗旨﹐創辦人Tony_Coolidge的父親是美國人﹐母親是臺灣泰雅族的原住民(於1995年癌症過世)。在母親抗癌的過程中﹐他與母親分享許多感人的時刻。母親過世﹐他在朋友的資助下回臺灣尋根探源﹐才發現自己真是臺灣原住民的後裔﹐並且深深愛上原住民多彩豐富的文化。他成立非營利的ATAYAL文化基金會﹐希望向全世界介紹在臺灣的10個美麗族群的心聲。他籌拍原住民10個族群的奮鬥史及文化的記錄片﹐擬向全世界介紹他熱愛的母親的族群﹐希望喚起世人的注意﹐並改善原住民的生活。我們不要忘了﹐古早時代“有唐山公無唐山嬤”﹐我們大部份的臺美人或多或少都混有原住民的血統﹐讓我們大家一起來關心這個有意義的活動。臺灣文化日活動TONY特地身著原住民服飾﹐呼籲大家贊助愛臺雅(ATAYAL) 文化基金會﹐ 歡迎捐款或參與他的事工﹕ATAYAL﹐Inc 5703 Red Bug Lake Rd﹐#138 Winter Springs﹐ FL 32708 (321- 231-5857) [email protected] http://www.atayal.org

IN TONY ‘ S WORDS ﹕
HOW IT STARTED
I was born in Taipei to a Taiwanese mother and American father. We moved away from my mothers home country when I was 3 yrs. old, and afterward I was raised as an American citizen with little knowledge of my mothers heritage. I only knew that she was from Taiwan and missed her family back home. She waited for a lifetime for the day she could return and reunite with them. In March of 1994, I moved to Orlando, Florida to be by her side as she bravely fought cancer. She was only 44 yrs. old and faced her disease by living life to the fullest. I made a promise to her that I would return with her to her beloved country and meet all of the wonderful people she loved.
She lost her battle with cancer, and died on Mothers Day in 1994. She died without ever sharing her indigenous voice with me. She kept her true heritage a secret until she passed on. I never saw my mother fulfill her lifelong dream of returning to her home in the mountains.
I was very close to her, and felt much sorrow over her passing, but the worst feeling was not being able to fulfill my promise to her. I made a promise to myself to continue to Taiwan without her and discover my family and heritage.
Thanks to a generous aunt and uncle, James and Yu Yin Lytle, I was able to make the trip in May of 1995. It was a trip that made a lasting impression on me. I was greeted warmly by dozens of relatives, many of whom remember me leaving Taiwan as a 3 yr-old. They were generous, and shared so much with me, including their unique indigenous culture. To my surprise, I learned that my ancestry was not that of the mainstream Taiwanese, but of the indigenous Formosan tribes, whom I have never heard of. The one-month trip of discovery opened my eyes to the beauty of their culture and made me painfully aware that it was in danger of disappearing forever.
I could never understand why my mother kept her heritage a secret from me. I found out that many indigenous people from Taiwan keep their heritage hidden from the public and I wanted to know why. I committed myself to traveling to Taiwan to understand the culture of my heritage. But I wanted to do more than just understand the culture. I created the non-profit company, ATAYAL, Inc., and took on a mission to empower the indigenous tribes of Formosa and give them the tools to be heard throughout the world. I have dedicated myself to this mission to preserve this beautiful culture for my son and many generations to come. I have taken on my mission to honor my mother and to make up for all of the silence she endured in her lifetime. This is the mission of my life.

Tony Coolidge
Founder of ATAYAL, Inc.

Just to summarize, our organization was founded in 2001 as a 501 ( c )(3)
non-profit corporation. The purpose of the organization was to increase the
awareness and appreciation of the indigenous culture of Taiwan. We will
create tools and projects (documentary films, TV shows, web site, and
events) that will educate and entertain Western audiences.

Our goal is to raise awareness of the indigenous culture of Taiwan by 1000%
in the United States and Canada within our first 5 years, and to make the
Taiwanese culture part of common knowledge in the mainstream Western
culture. We hope that this will ensure the survival of the indigenous
culture of Taiwan. We hope our projects will provide opportunities for the
indigenous Taiwanese people to embrace their culture.

By directly promoting the indigenous culture of Taiwan, we are also directly
and indirectly promoting the entire culture and country of Taiwan. We are
also able to heighten international recognition for Taiwan through academic,
cultural and entertainment channels that not too politically controversial.
We feel that international tourism can play a huge part in the revival of
the Taiwanese economy. Our projects will attempt to stimulate interest in
Taiwan by Westerners and promote cultural tourism to Taiwan.

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Currently our projects include:

ATAYAL Board Party (April 26, 2003) - We will be forming our Board of
Directors, who will guide our organization and provide additional resources.

Hualien Tourism TV Documentary (July 2003) - We will film a TV documentary
on the beautiful area of Hualien, Taiwan. We will feature the indigenous
cultural highlights of this area as well as the natural wonders. This film
will be shot as seen through the eyes of a Westerner to help them relate to
the experience. We have TV stations already expressing interest in
broadcasting this show. Total Budget $57,000.

Voices In The Clouds Film Documentary (August 2003) - We have been working
on a documentary film for the past 3 years in the United States that we will
finish in Taiwan. This is a film that will tour the international film
festival circuit. This film tells the story of why I have dedicated my life
to giving a voice to the indigenous tribes of Taiwan. It shows how my
mission has affected and inspired others to discover the indigenous heritage
of Taiwan. This film will introduce the Western world to the indigenous
culture of Taiwan from a very personal perspective that will move their
hearts. Total Budget $60,000.

Taiwans 11 Indigenous Tribes Series of TV Documentaries (beginning April
2004) - We have planned a series of 11 TV documentaries, each focusing on a
tribe of Taiwan and telling a special story unique to each one. Our first
documentary, A Walk Through The Clouds, focuses on the Chui-Lu Trail in the
Taroko area of Taiwan. This is a historically important road created by the
Atayal tribe 500 years ago to traverse the Central Mountain Range of Taiwan.
This road saw many bloody battles as the brave warriors fought the Japanese
Imperial Army. TV stations in Asia and North America have expressed interest
in broadcasting these documentaries. Total Budget $60,000-$75,000 per film.

Taiwanese Film Festival (2003) - We will host a Taiwanese Film Festival in
Orlando, FL to share the Taiwanese entertainment and culture with the
Orlando community. This will be a fundraising event for our organization.

Taiwanese Indigenous Culture Festival (February 2004) - We are partnering
with the Taiwanese Association of Central Florida to host the Lunar New Year
Party in Orlando. We will provide an indigenous Taiwanese theme to the
festivities and invite indigenous Taiwanese dancers, show indigenous
displays and show films.

----------------------

We have approached the different government departments in Taiwan and they
have shown us much verbal and organizational support. Their resources are
very limited right now, so we cannot count on financial assistance from the
government. That is why it is even more important to approach individuals
and organizations to provide the financial support necessary to make our
dreams into reality. We have dedicated people. We now need the financial
assistance to build our tools. These tools will also have the potential to
earn income for the organization, so any tax-deductible donation can be seen
as an investment for the future of Taiwan.

Our dream is to give the indigenous people, and all people of Taiwan, the
international recognition and appreciation throughout the Western World that
they deserve. Our dream includes a revitalized tourist economy for Taiwan
that the indigenous people can share the benefits of.

If you can find a way to make a difference for our dream of Taiwans future,
please let me know. I can share more details and budgets.

Thank you for your consideration.

SARS疫情持續擴大，原住民也出現了幾個病例，各地原住民部落在政府衛生單位的防疫宣導之外，也在準備進行傳統驅除瘟疫的儀式了。

原民會副主委浦忠成（鄒族）昨天指出，以原住民知識分子的觀點來看，當然希望以科學知識來防疫，但部落中有些長老為了安撫人心，私下已以儀式來對付鄒族害怕的瘟疫（Mekoahoho）了。

花蓮縣吉安鄉的原住民音樂文教基金會執行長巴奈．母路表示，阿美族部落最近開始緊張起來，十二位祭司聽說這種不明原因的傳染病，希望儘快舉行一場大型的「驅疫祭」（Takenawan），以安撫人心。

台東縣金峰鄉衛生所主任高正治（排灣族）日前也在公視的原住民節目中指出，除了宣導政府的防疫措施外，原住民部落也可以透過傳統儀式來喚醒原住民的防疫意識，排灣族土板部落近日就要舉行防疫祭典，在部落各出入口放置五節芒在地上，甚至在路口旁架上弓箭，以防病毒侵入部落；這項儀式也讓從外地來的人知道，他們可能帶來傳染病毒，如果要在部落用餐，必須隔開自行用餐。

噶瑪蘭族文化工作者木枝．籠爻表示，原住民各族都有對抗瘟疫的傳統醫療方法，但一般只看到祭司的儀式，卻忽略了草藥的功效，不過原住民很多草藥也確實失傳了。木枝．籠爻說，噶瑪蘭有除瘟祭，族人也用大葉山欖葉子煮水來浸泡身體，據說可以防疫。

行政院原民會衛生福利處處長黃海倫表示，原民會已透過政府、教會等各種組織，在原住民部落宣導防疫；原住民在傳統上也有對抗瘟疫的智慧，例如染病者懂得在遠處搭棚自我隔離，這些觀念也將有助於防疫。