http://www.ettoday.com/2002/07/11/304-1326627.htm

外交部堅持新版護照改為「Issued in Taiwan」　蔡同榮表遺憾 2002/07/11 11:13

　記者張麗娜／台北報導

外交部已確定今年秋天即將發行的新版護照，將採用「Issued in Taiwan」的英文字樣。對此，蔡同榮11日上午發布新聞稿，對外交部不顧民進黨中常會決議表達「遺憾」！

儘管民進黨中常會在7月2日通過決議，建請行政院依據立法院外交委員會所作的新版台灣護照改為「Taiwan Passport」的附帶決議版本，要求外交部儘速執行，但外交部在7月9日正式發函給民進黨立委蔡同榮，將堅持於今年秋天發行新版「Issued in Taiwan」英文字樣的新護照。

蔡同榮指出，護照封面上的英文字「PASSPORT」加註台灣「TAIWAN」是經由立法院、民間社團及執政黨中央共同希望推動更改的決議，立法院外交委員會是於今年5月30日通過附帶決議；民進黨及台聯等12位立委於6月11日拜會外交部長針對此案進行意見交換，其後有民間團體於6月28日也再度前往外交部拜會，希望外交部能順應民意替台灣護照正名；而民進黨中央常會更於7月2日通過建請行政院針對護照封面上的英文字「PASSPORT」加註台灣「TAIWAN」的決議儘速執行。

蔡同榮指出，甫從非洲訪問回國的陳水扁總統都認為，非洲友邦國家都願為台灣發聲，但認為我方使用的名稱太多種，正當我們決定替台灣正名，要幫助陳水扁總統讓台灣走出去、站起來之時，陳水扁總統即將擔任民進黨主席，面對政黨政治及台灣政局即將朝向黨政一體的改變下，行政單位無視於國會與執政黨中央的決議與要求，一味的以技術面、外交層次、政治與行政因素為由，堅拒民意之要求，此一作法與行為當非各界所樂見。

蔡同榮指出，若行政單位往後對於黨的決議仍舊我行我素，毫不配合黨政一體的決策，將可能造成嚴重的黨政分離危機，更不利領導中心的威權。

附：通用拼音爭議國民黨團要求教育部長辭職謝罪

　　（中央社記者張銘坤台北十一日電）教育部國語推行委員會決定中文譯音採用通用拼音，再次引發通用拼音和漢語拼音的爭議，中國國民黨立法院黨團今天上午舉行記者會批評採用通用拼音是意識形態作祟，無法和國際接軌，要求教育部長黃榮村辭職謝罪，撤換教育部政務次長范巽綠。 廣　告

　　教育部國語推行委員會昨天決定中文譯音採用通用拼音，國民黨團上午舉行記者會批評教育部國語會的決定。

　　國民黨中央政策委員會副執行長黃昭順表示，全世界都採用漢語拼音，只有台灣決定要採用通用拼音，無法和國際接軌，獨樹一格，違背世界的潮流，意識形態的作法將使台灣更沒有競爭力，自絕於國際社會。

　　國民黨籍立委關沃暖（僑選）表示，民進黨政府推動通用拼音是意識形態作祟，黃榮村是利用「綠化」的國語會為通用拼音背書，委員會成員二十六人只有十五人出席、十人贊成，作法太不應該。

　　他表示，台灣要走向國際化，民進黨拒絕全世界採用的漢語拼音，硬要採用通用拼音作法不智，幕後黑手范巽綠應該被撤換，黃榮村沒有擔當，應該辭職謝罪。

長期的話要等到政治氣氛轉向，一些中國裔的台灣人下臺才行。

你是不是中華民國的公民﹖OK﹐那你用的就是中華民國護照，既不是中華人民共和國也不是還在夢中、從來沒有實現過的台灣共和國。

英文名稱 ~ Republic of China

國民黨這句指責錯在哪裡我就不知道了^^

中華民國後來的下場就是發生內戰，然後變成某個落魄政黨的招牌，跑到中國東方一個島國上去殖民，最後由於中華民國解嚴，回復民主體制，台灣人掌握政權，所以現在的中華民國是名副其實的”台灣人”國家，跟在夢裡見到的秋海棠大中華可是不一樣的唷^^~。

ＡＮＤ請正面回應網友的文章。

不管那一黨那一派，在所有經過媒體調查中，以〔台灣〕為護照英文名稱業已獲多數
國民認同。有哪個混蛋執事單位敢一駁民意與執政首長之政策及立法院之決議？

護照所改者僅只於英文名稱，不關國名與中華民國的事。
退一步言，即或改國名又如何，若已獲國民多數議決的話。

http://www.asterius.com/china/china4.asp#KMT

Republican China (1911-1949)
During World War I, the Chinese Government, such as it was, sided with the Allies. In return, they were promised that the German concessions in Shangdong province would be handed back over to the Chinese Government at the end of the war. They werent, and to add insult to injury, the Treaty of Versailles handed them over to Japan. On May 4, 1919, about 3,000 students from various Beijing universities got together in Tiananmen Square and held a mass protest. The movement that was born at that rally (called, not unsurprisingly, the May Fourth Movement) was the first true nationalist movement in China and has consequently served as an inspiration for Chinese patriots of all shades, stripes, and ideologies since. The students of the Beijing Spring of 1989 intentionally drew parallels with the May Fourth Movement; it is all the more ironic and tragic that June Fourth will now live on in infamy as the day that the tanks rolled in Tiananmen Square.

In the early 1920s, Dr. Sun Yatsen, as the leader of the (up-to-then unsuccessful) Nationalist Party (KMT), accepted Soviet aid. With the Communist help, Sun Yatsen was able to forge a alliance with the fledgling Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and started the task of re-unifying a China beset with warlords.

Unfortunately, Sun died of cancer in 1925. The leadership of the KMT was then taken over by Chiang Kaishek.

After Chiang took over the KMT, he launched his famous Northern Expedition -- all the way from Guangzhou to Shanghai. This unified Southern China and, more importantly, let the Nationalists control the Lower Yangzi. Once they got to Shanghai, Chiang, who had never liked the Communists anyway, launched a massacre of CCP members. Among those who managed to escape the carnage was a young communist named Mao Zedong.

The Communists were forced to abandon their urban bases and fled to the countryside. There, the Nationalist forces (aided and abetted by German advisors) tried to hunt them down, and in the words (more or less) of Chiang, eliminate the cancer of Communism. In 1934, the Nationalists were closing in on the Communist positions, when, under the cover of night, the Communists broke out and started running. They didnt stop for a year.

This was the Long March. When the Communists started, they had 100,000 people. A year later, when they finally stopped, they had traveled 6,000 miles, and were down to between four to eight thousand people.

Part of the problem is that they didnt know where they were going. They started in Jiangxi Province, about 400 km northeast of Guangzhou. Then they headed west, past Guilin, and into Yunnan province, in southwest China. They would have stopped there, but the local warlords werent really happy about having them. At Kunming, the capital of Yunnan province, they turned north, past Chengdu in Sichuan province, and eventually ended up in Shaanxi, near Yanan. From then on, being a Long Marcher was the mark of aristocracy in the CCP. Deng Xiaoping, the former paramount leader of China, was a Long Marcher. With Dengs passing, there are few, if any Long Marchers left in the Party elite.

While in Yanan, on the periphery of Nationalist power, Mao consolidated his position (gained during the Long March) as the sole leader of the Revolution. The classic book on this period is Edgar Snows Red Star Over China, which includes some texts by Mao himself.

While all this was going on, the Japanese were busy occupying Manchuria. This proved helpful for the Communists -- the troops sent by Jiang to the North to contain and eventually eliminate the CCP much preferred to spend their time fighting the Japanese. In late 1936, Jiangs own generals kidnapped him and held him captive until he agreed to fight the Japanese before fighting the Communists.

In 1937, the Japanese invaded China proper from their bases in Manchuria, using the notorious Marco Polo incident as an excuse. Once whole-scale war had been launched, it didnt take the Japanese long to occupy the major coastal cities and commit atrocities. By the time that the war had ended in 1945, 20 million Chinese had died at the hands of the Japanese. The Nationalist Government fled up the Yangzi to Chongqing from Nanjing.

In 1939, World War II started. This initally had little effect on the situation in China, as the Japanese were not involved with war in Europe. However, after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the main thrust of the Japanese war effort turned away from fighting the Chinese and towards fighting the Americans.

After the Americans entered the war, the Communists started to consolidate their control over North China in preperation for the resumption of the civil war that would occur after the Japanese had been defeated.

The Nationalists, in contrast to the Communists, were disorganized and corrupt, problems that would only intensify after the war. Moreover, their attempts to fight the Japanese were ineffective at best. The general in charge of US efforts inside China, General Stillwell, lobbied Washington (ineffectively) to channel some aid to the Communists; this was not because Stillwell was sympathetic to their cause but because the CCP, employing guerrilla tactics they had independently developed during the civil war, was simply doing a better job fighting the Japanese than the Nationalists.

At the end of World War II, the war between the Nationalists and the Communists started up again. The Communists were hampered by the fact that the Japanese were under orders to surrender only to the Nationalists, not the Communists. This, however, did not end up making much of a difference. By early 1949, the Nationalists were hamstrung by intractable corruption and huge debts; they paid off their debts by printing more money, which only lead to hyperinflation.

By that October, the Nationalists had fled to Taiwan and Mao Zedong had proclaimed the creation of the Peoples Republic of China. Curiously, while the Red Army was busy re-unifying the south, they didnt bother re-unifying either Macau or Hong Kong, even though it would have been extremely easy, and neither Britain or Portugal would have been in much of a position to protest.

http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/republican.html

Republican China

The republic that Sun Yat-sen () and his associates envisioned evolved slowly. The revolutionists lacked an army, and the power of Yuan Shikai () began to outstrip that of parliament. Yuan revised the constitution at will and became dictatorial. In August 1912 a new political party was founded by Song Jiaoren ( 1882-1913), one of Suns associates. The party, the Guomindang ( Kuomintang or KMT--the National Peoples Party, frequently referred to as the Nationalist Party), was an amalgamation of small political groups, including Suns Tongmeng Hui (). In the national elections held in February 1913 for the new bicameral parliament, Song campaigned against the Yuan administration, and his party won a majority of seats. Yuan had Song assassinated in March; he had already arranged the assassination of several pro-revolutionist generals. Animosity toward Yuan grew. In the summer of 1913 seven southern provinces rebelled against Yuan. When the rebellion was suppressed, Sun and other instigators fled to Japan. In October 1913 an intimidated parliament formally elected Yuan president of the Republic of China, and the major powers extended recognition to his government. To achieve international recognition, Yuan Shikai had to agree to autonomy for Outer Mongolia and Xizang (). China was still to be suzerain, but it would have to allow Russia a free hand in Outer Mongolia and Britain continuance of its influence in Xizang.

In November Yuan Shikai, legally president, ordered the Guomindang dissolved and its members removed from parliament. Within a few months, he suspended parliament and the provincial assemblies and forced the promulgation of a new constitution, which, in effect, made him president for life. Yuans ambitions still were not satisfied, and, by the end of 1915, it was announced that he would reestablish the monarchy. Widespread rebellions ensued, and numerous provinces declared independence. With opposition at every quarter and the nation breaking up into warlord factions, Yuan Shikai died of natural causes in June 1916, deserted by his lieutenants.

Nationalism and Communism
After Yuan Shikais death, shifting alliances of regional warlords fought for control of the Beijing government. The nation also was threatened from without by the Japanese. When World War I broke out in 1914, Japan fought on the Allied side and seized German holdings in Shandong () Province. In 1915 the Japanese set before the warlord government in Beijing the so-called Twenty-One Demands, which would have made China a Japanese protectorate. The Beijing government rejected some of these demands but yielded to the Japanese insistence on keeping the Shandong territory already in its possession. Beijing also recognized Tokyos authority over southern Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia. In 1917, in secret communiques, Britain, France, and Italy assented to the Japanese claim in exchange for the Japans naval action against Germany.
In 1917 China declared war on Germany in the hope of recovering its lost province, then under Japanese control. But in 1918 the Beijing government signed a secret deal with Japan accepting the latters claim to Shandong. When the Paris peace conference of 1919 confirmed the Japanese claim to Shandong and Beijings sellout became public, internal reaction was shattering. On May 4, 1919, there were massive student demonstrations against the Beijing government and Japan. The political fervor, student activism, and iconoclastic and reformist intellectual currents set in motion by the patriotic student protest developed into a national awakening known as the May Fourth Movement (). The intellectual milieu in which the May Fourth Movement developed was known as the New Culture Movement and occupied the period from 1917 to 1923. The student demonstrations of May 4, 1919 were the high point of the New Culture Movement, and the terms are often used synonymously. Students returned from abroad advocating social and political theories ranging from complete Westernization of China to the socialism that one day would be adopted by Chinas communist rulers.

Opposing the Warlords
The May Fourth Movement helped to rekindle the then-fading cause of republican revolution. In 1917 Sun Yat-sen had become commander-in-chief of a rival military government in Guangzhou () in collaboration with southern warlords. In October 1919 Sun reestablished the Guomindang to counter the government in Beijing. The latter, under a succession of warlords, still maintained its facade of legitimacy and its relations with the West. By 1921 Sun had become president of the southern government. He spent his remaining years trying to consolidate his regime and achieve unity with the north. His efforts to obtain aid from the Western democracies were ignored, however, and in 1921 he turned to the Soviet Union, which had recently achieved its own revolution. The Soviets sought to befriend the Chinese revolutionists by offering scathing attacks on Western imperialism. But for political expediency, the Soviet leadership initiated a dual policy of support for both Sun and the newly established Chinese Communist Party ( CCP). The Soviets hoped for consolidation but were prepared for either side to emerge victorious. In this way the struggle for power in China began between the Nationalists and the Communists. In 1922 the Guomindang-warlord alliance in Guangzhou was ruptured, and Sun fled to Shanghai (). By then Sun saw the need to seek Soviet support for his cause. In 1923 a joint statement by Sun and a Soviet representative in Shanghai pledged Soviet assistance for Chinas national unification. Soviet advisers--the most prominent of whom was an agent of the Comintern, Mikhail Borodin--began to arrive in China in 1923 to aid in the reorganization and consolidation of the Guomindang along the lines of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The CCP was under Comintern instructions to cooperate with the Guomindang, and its members were encouraged to join while maintaining their party identities. The CCP was still small at the time, having a membership of 300 in 1922 and only 1,500 by 1925. The Guomindang in 1922 already had 150,000 members. Soviet advisers also helped the Nationalists set up a political institute to train propagandists in mass mobilization techniques and in 1923 sent Chiang Kai-shek ( Jiang Jieshi in pinyin), one of Suns lieutenants from Tongmeng Hui days, for several months military and political study in Moscow. After Chiangs return in late 1923, he participated in the establishment of the Whampoa ( Huangpu in pinyin) Military Academy outside Guangzhou, which was the seat of government under the Guomindang-CCP alliance. In 1924 Chiang became head of the academy and began the rise to prominence that would make him Suns successor as head of the Guomindang and the unifier of all China under the right-wing nationalist government.
Sun Yat-sen died of cancer in Beijing in March 1925, but the Nationalist movement he had helped to initiate was gaining momentum. During the summer of 1925, Chiang, as commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army, set out on the long-delayed Northern Expedition against the northern warlords. Within nine months, half of China had been conquered. By 1926, however, the Guomindang had divided into left- and right-wing factions, and the Communist bloc within it was also growing. In March 1926, after thwarting a kidnapping attempt against him, Chiang abruptly dismissed his Soviet advisers, imposed restrictions on CCP members participation in the top leadership, and emerged as the preeminent Guomindang leader. The Soviet Union, still hoping to prevent a split between Chiang and the CCP, ordered Communist underground activities to facilitate the Northern Expedition, which was finally launched by Chiang from Guangzhou in July 1926.

In early 1927 the Guomindang-CCP rivalry led to a split in the revolutionary ranks. The CCP and the left wing of the Guomindang had decided to move the seat of the Nationalist government from Guangzhou to Wuhan. But Chiang, whose Northern Expedition was proving successful, set his forces to destroying the Shanghai CCP apparatus and established an anti-Communist government at Nanjing in April 1927. There now were three capitals in China: the internationally recognized warlord regime in Beijing; the Communist and left-wing Guomindang regime at Wuhan (); and the right-wing civilian-military regime at Nanjing, which would remain the Nationalist capital for the next decade.

The Comintern cause appeared bankrupt. A new policy was instituted calling on the CCP to foment armed insurrections in both urban and rural areas in preparation for an expected rising tide of revolution. Unsuccessful attempts were made by Communists to take cities such as Nanchang (), Changsha (), Shantou (), and Guangzhou, and an armed rural insurrection, known as the Autumn Harvest Uprising, was staged by peasants in Hunan Province. The insurrection was led by Mao Zedong ( 1893-1976), who would later become chairman of the CCP and head of state of the Peoples Republic of China. Mao was of peasant origins and was one of the founders of the CCP.

But in mid-1927 the CCP was at a low ebb. The Communists had been expelled from Wuhan by their left-wing Guomindang allies, who in turn were toppled by a military regime. By 1928 all of China was at least nominally under Chiangs control, and the Nanjing government received prompt international recognition as the sole legitimate government of China. The Nationalist government announced that in conformity with Sun Yat-sens formula for the three stages of revolution--military unification, political tutelage, and constitutional democracy--China had reached the end of the first phase and would embark on the second, which would be under Guomindang direction.

http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/cntoc.html

China
REPUBLICAN CHINA
The republic that Sun Yat-sen and his associates envisioned evolved slowly. The revolutionists lacked an army, and the power of Yuan Shikai began to outstrip that of parliament. Yuan revised the constitution at will and became dictatorial. In August 1912 a new political party was founded by Song Jiaoren (1882-1913), one of Suns associates. The party, the Guomindang (Kuomintang or KMT--the National Peoples Party, frequently referred to as the Nationalist Party), was an amalgamation of small political groups, including Suns Tongmeng Hui. In the national elections held in February 1913 for the new bicameral parliament, Song campaigned against the Yuan administration, and his party won a majority of seats. Yuan had Song assassinated in March; he had already arranged the assassination of several pro-revolutionist generals. Animosity toward Yuan grew. In the summer of 1913 seven southern provinces rebelled against Yuan. When the rebellion was suppressed, Sun and other instigators fled to Japan. In October 1913 an intimidated parliament formally elected Yuan president of the Republic of China, and the major powers extended recognition to his government. To achieve international recognition, Yuan Shikai had to agree to autonomy for Outer Mongolia and Xizang. China was still to be suzerain, but it would have to allow Russia a free hand in Outer Mongolia and Britain continuance of its influence in Xizang.

In November Yuan Shikai, legally president, ordered the Guomindang dissolved and its members removed from parliament. Within a few months, he suspended parliament and the provincial assemblies and forced the promulgation of a new constitution, which, in effect, made him president for life. Yuans ambitions still were not satisfied, and, by the end of 1915, it was announced that he would reestablish the monarchy. Widespread rebellions ensued, and numerous provinces declared independence. With opposition at every quarter and the nation breaking up into warlord factions, Yuan Shikai died of natural causes in June 1916, deserted by his lieutenants.

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/texts/chinhist.html

The dynastic system was overturned in 1911, and a weak republican form of government existed until 1949. In that year, after a long civil war, the Peoples Republic of China, with a Communist government, was proclaimed.

如果您還有興趣的話..在下還可以提供更多註明ROC在1949年後已不再存在的資料

歷史是人寫的..歷史的正確性與否端看於寫作者的立場與觀點
就如同在您心中中華民國是一直存在的..這或許也是您的信念
但我們不得不去正視這一個問題..當國際大多數人認為ROC已在1949年後消失
而有人卻還一直抱持著固執的態度而不去客觀的探討及正視這事關我們全體台灣人的問題
這不是很危險嗎?

to　白目康，不知道你有沒看過聯合國憲章第23條？如果你的roc還是1911年那個roc，我個人到覺得你好像還在作夢，因為那個roc已經走入『歷史』只能在『夢裡尋』。

一樣是昏暗的陽光，
台灣共和國就像初昇的太陽，雖然昏暗，卻是開始發光發熱。
支那共和國就像黃昏的太陽，一樣昏暗，卻是日薄西山。

討論台灣證明的問題，不要自己閉著眼睛喊爽的。台灣派的人從以前到現在，一而再，再而三的提出各種的國際條約，各種資料，希望的就是大家能就事論事，面對現實，討論出一條台灣未來要走的路，但你們這些支那派的，在我看來還是閉著眼睛說瞎話。

http://www.mofa.gov.tw/newmofa/index.htm

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民進黨立委 反彈外交部暫停印製新護照封面
【中央社台北十六日電】

2002.07.18　 中國時報

http://news.chinatimes.com/Chinatimes/newslist/newslist-content/0,3546,110502+112002071800641,00.html

外交部長簡又新表示將暫緩印製新版護照封面，但外交部昨日強調預定十月發行新版護照的時程並不受影響。官員表示，由於護照封面若加註「TAIWAN PASSPORT」可能引發國際誤解我方在推行漸進式台獨，並不可行，原先提出的「ISSUED IN TAIWAN」又讓各方不滿意，未來有可能改為在護照內頁加註TAIWAN。

政府是在今年一月間宣布新版護照的發行，。不過，外交部表示現在「情勢有變化」，面對立委壓力及因應執政黨中常會的決議，據了解，最近外交部已針對護照加註問題開了三次會，重新研究各種可行性。

據了解，外交部對於在內頁加註的技術性問題也已有腹案。由於新版護照加強的防偽設計都在個人資料頁上，在考量不影響發行時程的情況下，已決定該頁印製將依原計畫進行，確定不會更改設計，未來一旦政策決定在護照內頁加註TAIWAN，就以加印一頁的方式處理。

我也想把護照上的china括掉改寫成TAIWAN、
因為等政府好像要等粉久…

＊本文章以日本語作成、非簡体字。