歐洲三代半議事廳

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黃金左腳  於 2002/10/12 01:36
歐洲三代半議事廳

本欄專門收錄歐洲新世代戰機之最新發展消息與評論,歡迎網友們共襄盛舉,謝謝。

NO:956_1
黃金左腳  於 2002/10/12 01:46
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

JAS-39南非外銷案最新發展動態:

(Source: Saab BAE Systems Gripen; issued Oct. 9, 2002)

South Africa’s first fully qualified black fighter pilot, Captain Musa “Midnight” Mbhokota, has made history again. In a joint exercise in Sweden with the chief of the South African Air Force, Lt Gen Rolf Beukes, he became the first black pilot to fly the Gripen multi-role supersonic fighter.

Capt. Mbhokota is currently based at Saab Aerospace in Linköping, Sweden as part of the SAAF’s Gripen project team overseeing production and preparing to take the aircraft into service. Lt-Gen Beukes, who is visiting at the invitation of his Swedish counterpart, described the event as “further progress in the SANDF’s ongoing transformation, both in terms of our people and our equipment”.

South Africa has ordered 28 Gripen advanced fighters to replace the 119 ageing Mirages and Cheetahs in the air force’s inventory. The downsizing is in line with policy formulated after the first democratic election in 1994 which calls for a smaller, more affordable, but technologically sophisticated defence capability.

(新世代戰機價值之所在的明證:用28架JAS-39便足以全面取代南非總計119架的現役幻象三/幻象F1/印度豹戰機。)

“For South Africa this flight was an important milestone,” said Captain Mbhokota. “It takes hard work, diligence and focus to be a pilot, even more if you want to be in the elite corps of fighter pilots operating the world’s most modern, fourth-generation fighter aircraft in service.”

Lt-Gen Beukes and Mbhokota spent some time after the flight discussing the Gripen. “It is a marvellous aircraft which represents the future of our air defence capability, as do Capt. Mbhokota and the other extremely able young pilots from previously disadvantaged backgrounds who are increasingly finding real opportunity and great challenges as air force pilots. This is a very proud day for all of us,” said Beukes.

Lt-Gen Beukes is on a visit to Sweden to sign an inter-air force collaboration agreement with his Swedish counterpart, Maj-Gen Mats Nilsson. The agreement will facilitate the exchange of knowledge, skills, and experience connected to the Gripen between the two air forces.

Lt-Gen Beukes was briefed by the joint SAAF-ARMSCOR team currently participating in the development and preparations for the SAAF’s Gripens, which will be delivered between 2007 and 2012.

At present there are more than 20 South Africans from the SAAF, Armscor and Denel who have been seconded to Saab in Sweden to participate in a skills and technology training programme. The group ranges from test pilots to aircraft technicians and logisticians.

Gripen is a multi-role ­ able to perform all three types of mission ­ and swing-role fighter aircraft. This means that the pilot can reconfigure the Gripen’s systems in-flight so that it can operate in more than one role during the same mission. It is produced by Saab AB and BAE Systems under a joint venture. South Africa’s Gripen fleet will feature enhancements including an air-to-air refueling system, an onboard oxygen generating system with a powerful cockpit air conditioning unit to keep pilots cool in the hot and humid sub-tropical operating conditions and Helmet Mounted Display capabilities.

南非版JAS-39的改良重點:
1. 空中加油裝置。
2. 強化空調與氧氣產生器。
3. 頭盔顯示器與發射南非自製/南非以色列合作AAM之能力。


NO:956_2
黃金左腳  於 2002/10/12 02:24
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

http://www.vectorsite.net/aveuro.html
介紹EF2000的過去起源、現在動態與未來發展,雖然在技術性能諸元上無多少著墨,但是對EF2000發展的來龍去脈的交代則十分翔實。


http://www.vectorsite.net/avgrpn.html
JAS-39的故事,文中對JAS-39獨領風騷的資料鍊網路作戰系統之妙用有更深一層的介紹,同時對新近服役的JAS-39 C/D之改良項目範圍與未來後續發展亦有相當著墨。

The Gripen is fitted with the Tactical Information Datalink System (TIDLS), which gives the fighter four high-bandwidth, two-way datalinks with a range of about 500 kilometers and very high resistance to jamming. The datalinks allow the Gripen to engage in combat using another aircrafts sensors or from targeting data provided by other defense systems. Data acquired from remote sources is fused and displayed on the fighters main MFD. The link is fully operational when the aircraft is on the ground, allowing a pilot on standby to have high situational awareness of the battle environment.

One Gripen can provide radar sensing for four of its colleagues, allowing a single fighter to track a target, while the others use the data for a stealthy attack. TIDLS also permits multiple fighters to quickly and accurately lock onto a targets track through triangulation from several radars; or allows one fighter to jam a target while another tracks it; or allows multiple fighters to use different radar frequencies collaboratively to burn through jamming transmissions.



NO:956_3
黃金左腳  於 2002/10/19 11:30
資料整理UPDATE~1

永遠的天下第二:EF-2000颱風

一、 機身尺寸:
翼展寬:10.95m
展弦比:2.205
機全長:15.96m
機身高:5.28m
翼面積:50.0m2
機空重:10995kg
全備重:24000kg
空戰重:14500kg
內載燃油:4996kg
外掛彈量:8000kg+
固定武裝:毛瑟27MM單管機炮*1,彈藥150發,英國型目前暫不打算安裝
外掛派龍數:13個(兩翼下4*2,機腹下*5)

二、基本飛行性能諸元:

高空最高時速...........Mach 2.0 @ 11,000m
低空最高時速................750kts
超音速巡航...........≧Mach 1.1
(據說在飛行測試時曾達到1.3 M,EADS集團則甚至於最近宣稱:EF-2000有以1.5M級超音速巡航之“潛力”。)

空戰起飛跑道長度.............300 m
空戰起飛所需時間............7 secs
實用升限...................18300 m
緊急反應:地面警戒∼35000ft,1.5 M → ≦2.5min

空戰推重比..............1.26/0.84(後燃/最大軍用)
耐G限..................-3/+9G(正常操作限度),+12∼+15G(機體操作極限)
瞬間迴旋角速率.........≧30度/sec(一說35度/sec)
加速能力:自200kts加速至 Mach 1 → ≦30 secs

作戰半徑 (with appropriate weapons loads)
對地打擊:325 nm(601 km),lo-lo-lo
對地打擊:750 nm (1389 km),hi-lo-hi
空優作戰:750 nm (1389 km),10分鐘剩餘燃油
空優作戰:100 nm(185 km),3hrs CAP
飛送航程:2000 nm (3706 km),副油箱*2
【具備加裝兩具1500L級CFT之潛力,可使戰機作戰航半平均延伸約25%左右】


三、機載引擎:EJ200渦輪扇發動機*2

最大軍用/後燃推力:6123kg/9185kg(平時)
最大軍用/後燃推力:7040kg/9695kg(戰時)

旁通比.........................0.4
壓縮比........................26:1
推重比...................8.9~9.2:1

燃油消耗速率
最大軍用推力下...............21~23 g/kN.sec
後燃推力下...................47~49 g/kN.sec

引擎全長.........................4 m
引擎內徑.........................0.74 m
引擎重量..................990 - 1035 kg


四、偵搜系統:

機載雷達:CAPTOR三頻道脈波都卜勒機械掃描式雷達
雷達重量......................................193kg
雷達操作模式...................................33種
雷達尖峰輸出功率................AN/APG-65雷達的兩倍
雷達運算處理能力......................RDY雷達的兩倍
最大偵測距離..............................320~370km
戰機大小目標偵測距離....................≧130~160km
多目標作戰接戰能力.......TWS≧20個目標,同步攻擊6個

被動偵搜系統:PIRATE FLIR/IRST紅外線影像型追蹤系統
最大偵測距離...........................80nm(148km)
實用偵測距離........................30~50nm(55~92km)
【據稱可搜索顯示200多個空中目標,鎖定其中一個。】

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1. 目前620架EF2000的預定服役年代: 2003~2043年

2. 目前預定之交機時間與批次:
Tranch1:2002~2005, 計148架, 分為Block1, 3, 5三階段生產標準交機
Tranch2:2005~2010, 計236架, 分為Block8, 10, 15三階段生產標準交機
Tranch3:2010~2015, 計236架, 分為Block20, 25兩階段生產標準交機


3. Tranch1以防空任務為主要工作, 主戰裝備為AIM-120 + AIM-9或ASRAAM + HMD; 不過在2004~2005交機服役的中後期生產標準型在略作修改之後, 將具有投射Paveway II或GBU-16等LGB的部份對地打擊功能, 另外DASS系統與DVI的所有功能也將於此時開發完成.


4. Tranch2可說是EF-2000大成階段, 在完成任務電腦, 雷達處理器, MIDS資料鏈, GPS導航系統, DASS電戰系統的升級工作與被動式偵搜系統的整合工作之後,EF2000方能真正達成目前廠商於宣傳上所宣稱的能力; 在空優方面, 其將陸續增添使用AIM-120 C5, IRIS-T以及隨後流星中長程AAM的能力, 至於對地作戰方面則將拓展使用風暴之影與KEPD350等距外遠攻飛彈和laser- and GPS/INS-guided武器之能力.


5. Tranch3將拓展extended air defense, 反巡航飛彈, SEAD和偵察任務等方面的能力, 目前其考慮中的升級改良方案選擇有:

a. 由AMSAR計畫所衍生發展而來, 改良自現有CAPTOR PD雷達之AESA化雷達.(這似乎是目前唯一已確定會被採用的改良方案)

b. Interoperability增進: Link 22 and Satcom communications

c. 燃料酬載的增加:使用適型油箱 + inboard 派龍改良以使用528 USG超大型副油箱

d. 戰場存活率提升:導入地貌追延能力, 先進EW拖曳式誘餌, 雷達截面積縮小與紅外線訊跡減訊

e. EJ-200引擎動力系統改良:使用新型壓縮器, 可使推力提升或維持現有推力但減少life cycle cost, 並延長引擎大修間隔(目前為1600小時)

f. 機動力提升:使用2D或3D向量推力, 增添inner-wing leading-edge strakes以增進戰機在高攻角狀態下的穩定性.


6. 更長遠的改進計畫:

a. 根據EF-2000現有構型進行提升強化。

b. 在外型維持不變下,建立修改提升EF-2000內部結構的標準。

c. 修改更動EF-2000的外型結構設計(例如和F-22一般使用內載彈艙,無尾翼化設計等等....)以提升其空對空與空對地作戰性能至極限。

d. 全新戰機的研發。

================================================================================

1. 目前EF-2000的量產出廠計畫:今年12架,明年40架,之後不計外銷訂單的話,從2005至2013年間每年交貨52架。


2. 截至目前本年度量產型EF-2000試飛時所達成測試里程碑:包括首次AIM-120導引試射、長達四小時22分的長程飛行作戰測試、戰機實用升限拓展至17000公尺、一對二空中加油測試等等....


3. 試飛員對量產型EF-2000的評價:

a. 人機界面與座艙航電的設計極為簡便,幾乎不用大腦便可操控愉快。

b. 引擎推力十足,在外掛武器下只用一具引擎也可起飛。

c. 飛機的穿音速加速性能與低空操控性能雖不若F-22猛禽那般無與倫比,但表現亦是令人印象深刻。

d. 瞬間轉彎性能表現不俗,但是對前翼三角機而言本來就是份內之事。

e. 持續轉彎性能則拜高推力與優異的FCS 之賜,表現優異至極。


Pilots admit there have been frustrations, with delays to the first flights of the IPA aircraft, extensive ground testing and protracted clearance of the FCS software. Departure avoidance is specified, with the aircraft being spin-proof. FCS software is currently not quite to delivery standard.


Eurofighters production program, which currently covers 620 aircraft plus 90 options, comprises in the first instance single and two-seater variants. The program is sub-divided into three tranches. Within those tranches, configurations from Block 1 up to a projected Block 25 represent further evolution over the 15-year production life. Therefore, the program ranges from near-term enhancements, such as modifications to take Paveway II or GBU-16 weapons at Tranche 1 Block 5 in 2005, to counter-stealth technologies in a pre-feasibility study that will not mature until Tranche 3 Block 25 in 2014.

(預定2014年成軍的EF-2000第三批次型最後一批戰機上有可能使用匿蹤戰機反制科技??真令人期待啊.............話說回來,英國是截至目前唯一確定將使用F-35B多用途匿蹤短場垂直起降戰機和EF-2000第三批次型的國家,想想十五年後發生在英國海空軍間的異種戰機模擬空戰競技,匿蹤V.S反匿蹤,以子之矛攻子之盾式的宿命對決........喔喔喔∼∼!!!我現在猛烈地覺得熱血沸騰∼∼!!!!!)


在引擎升級改良方面,Eurojet目前把目標重點放在將第二批次型機上引擎的全壽命週期操作成本的儉省以及延長引擎大修間隔時間【1600hours-->2000hours】等兩方面上,推力提升並非目前迫切的需求,但是若情況需要,EJ-200只要小做更動便能提升15%的最大軍用推力【13500Ib-->15525Ib】與5%的後燃推力【20250Ib-->21260Ib】。)


至於提供給預定於2009~2014年間服役的第三批次型EF-2000的EJ200系列引擎如有需要的話,可加裝使用向量推力科技,目前二維與三維向量推力科技均備納入考量範圍;二維向量推力被認為能在超音速巡航,機後阻力減低與航程延伸等領域上提供相當助益,而三維向量推力則會為機體氣動性能帶來鉅大、禍福難料的影響與可能。

================================================================================

在大宣傳家老英的鼓吹宣傳中, EF-2000是目前最為精益求精, 不斷上進, 且有超級電腦模擬證明的最佳資優生.....
1997年:
和SU-35/37空戰的獲勝率約82%, 擁有猛禽九成的空戰效能, 和猛禽所不具備的對地打擊功能, 為世界NO.1的多用途戰機.

1999年:
正面雷達截面積只有RAFALE的1/3, 部分方向上的雷達截面積比F-22還低, 配合上流星中長程AAM之後, 和SU-35 + R-77/R-77M空戰獲勝率在90%以上, 與猛禽等量齊觀, 但是價格卻只有其1/2~1/3.

2001年: 擁有1.5馬赫級超音速巡航的潛力, 和MIG-29系列戰機間的交換比在八比一以上

2002年:
在月前剛剛發布,厚達210頁的未來三軍武器採購計劃文件中,再次聲明皇家海軍採購F35的決定行動並不會影響EF-2000在皇家空軍中的地位﹔因為EF-2000 + Meteor + AIM-132黃金組合的制空性能不是F-35所能取代達成的。

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末代機械掃描雷達:CAPTOR
在主動與被動式相位陣列電子掃描雷達於美、日、俄、法等國的新一代戰機上大行其道的今日,身為新世代戰機之一的歐洲颱風式卻一反潮流,“復古”的採用傳統機械掃描雷達:CAPTOR;雖然以今日的科技而言,此舉顯得有些落伍,然而在考量機載主動陣列雷達天線的製造工藝仍過於高昂(十倍於機械掃描天線,三倍於動陣列天線)且高風險,而被動式相位陣列雷達又缺乏長遠的潛力與發展性,對於財力有限,難以於短期內將高價高風險科技實用化的西歐諸國而言,使用已經發展成熟可靠的科技所成就的雷達系統仍不失為一風險最低且符合成本效益的選擇;且在最新科技的影響洗禮下,CAPTOR雖然構型復古,但其性能表現仍不含糊,已非以往的傳統機械掃描雷達可以比擬,並已儘可能的拉近和相位陣列電子掃描雷達之間的差距。
製造廠商:
EuroRADAR, a consortium of partner nation companies comprising of; DASA, INISEL and FIAR, the group is led by GEC-Marconi (now BAE Systems)


重要發展里程碑:

1991:擊敗改良自APG-65的MSD2000,獲選為EFA的機載雷達配備。

1993:首具測試機型:ECR-90A裝備於改裝BAC-111客機上進行測試,期間發現ECR-90雷達和EFA機鼻罩之間有干擾的問題,最後在重新設計天線後解除問題。

1997:首具戰機測試雷達:ECR-90C被裝置於EF2000 DA5原型機上進行測試,並於測試期間成功追蹤兩個空中目標,隨後DA4原型機也予以安裝,兩原型機遂成為ECR-90發展階段的測試機。

1999:其確定構型於二月間定型,並更名為CAPTOR

2001:三月間於德東進行模擬實戰測試,期間最多對多達二十架的Mig-29與F-4進行同步追蹤與接戰模擬。


雷達性能諸元:

1. 第三代多模式脈波都卜勒雷達,由配屬於海獵鷹FA.2垂直起降戰機上的藍雌狐雷達大幅改良而來,X-band,雷達重量193kg,模組化構型,硬體部份由61個Shop Replaceable Items (or SRIs) 和6個 Line Replaceable Units (or LRUs)所構成,易於拆換維修升級;軟體部份則由真時軟體控制雷達系統(written in ADA to MIL-STD 2167A comprises some 500,000 lines of code)。

2.雷達Performance:

CAPTOR具有33種操作模式,可依功能屬性分為三大類:
長程視距外空戰:

a. 可視作戰情況需求,自動選定最適宜的雷達脈衝頻率。
(For example, long range look-up detection will typically find the system selecting a Low Pulse Repetition Frequency (LPRF). However for look-down situations a high pulse repetition (HPRF) will generally be used. For situations where both look-up and look-down need to be covered simultaneously or where range and velocity data is required a medium rate would be used)

b. 可自動開始TWS模式,同步追蹤掃描數個空中目標(在模擬實戰測試後,目前已可確定其同時追蹤之空中目標的數量至少在20個以上…….)

c. Data Adaptive Scanning (DAS):此模式可增進雷達對被選定之目標的追蹤掌握能力,並儘可能的減少機械天線非必要之轉動。

d.尖峰輸出功率據稱是APG-65的兩倍,資料處理速度則據信是RDY雷達(M2000-5戰機用)的兩倍,APG-70(F-15E戰機用)的6~10倍;其對一般戰機大小的空中目標偵測距離介於130~160km間,對大型空中目標的偵測距離則高達320~370km左右;其所能掃描偵測的空域範圍則據信是APG-68(F-16C/D戰機用)的四倍以上。

近距格鬥:
可自動切換成high precision single target track,並可和飛行員頭盔顯示器相聯結,由頭盔顯示器直接控制雷達天線的方向以獲取發射短程AAM時所需的目標資料。

對地作戰:
其主要操作模式有:

a.Beam mapping

b.Spot mapping

c.Sea and surface search

d.Ground Moving Target Identification (GMTI):對於發現移動中的地面車輛目標極有助益。

e.Surface ranging

f.Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode:
合成孔徑雷達模式,在Tranch-1的EF-2000上 將可提供1m的解析度,據信到了Tranch-2時,則更將精進至0.3m之解析度的地步。

如同對空模式,以上各種對地操作模式CAPTOR均能視任務狀況需要自動選定執行,而飛行員亦可透過聲控系統,迅速切換不同模式與鎖定目標。

3. 其他性能/模式:

a.Auto-attack function:以自動駕駛的功能將戰機朝雷達追蹤鎖定的空中/地面目標方向前進,以減少飛行員的駕駛工作負荷。

b.Automated weapon selection

c.systems range accuracy is within 10 metres while it can obtain a target angle to within 1 miliradian.

d.使用low inertia non-counterbalanced天線與四具high torque, high precision samarium-cobalt天線驅動馬達,使CAPTOR有著極高的scanning speeds,使其能近似新一代的機載電子掃描雷達般,近乎同步的執行不同形態的作戰任務。

e.有著全球機載機械掃描雷達中獨一無二的separate (third) data channel,專門用於搜尋敵方的電子反制源並採取適當應變措施,使CAPTOR有著極高的resistance to 敵方ECM and passive countermeasures。

================================================================================

國家地理頻道所觀賞到的節目:液壓式抗G衣
英國皇家空軍目前正在測試一款由瑞士公司所研發的新型抗G衣,其採用液體壓迫的方式,協助飛行員再進行高G機動飛行時,仍能將血液送往腦部以避免失去意識﹔和現行的充氣式抗G衣相較,其主要優點有三:

1.較不受溫度與氣壓變化而影響抗G衣功能。

2.能立即反應,協助飛行員抵抗瞬間巨幅的G值變化。
第三世代以後的戰機,例如F-16與F-18,可以在一秒鐘之內便從一般重力狀況轉變為9G高機動狀況,可是傳統的充氣式抗G衣,卻得花上三秒以上的時間,才能達到協助一般飛行員抵禦此等G值的狀態,因此飛行員在進入突然的高機動飛行時,常常會有至少兩三秒以上的時間陷入失去意識狀態,在瞬息萬變的中低空高機動空戰中,這兩三秒的意識喪失狀況極有可能導致致命的結局(台灣空軍所折損的幾架飛龍機與鳳凰機中,有部分失事原因即可能導因於此。)﹔而新型抗G衣則能立即反應,讓飛行員即使在瞬時高機動的情況下,仍能持續保持在可掌握大局的狀態。

3.能使飛行員承受更高的G值。
傳統的抗G衣,至多只能協助飛行員抵禦9~10G的G值(雖然在沙漠風暴戰役期間,曾有阿諾級飛行員為了閃避敵方來襲的SAM,駕駛F-15E飛出+10.5G的驚人紀錄....),因此第三世代戰機無論如何,其機動飛行上限便是+9~10G左右,但是面對新一代中短程AAM動輒50~70g的機動力,這樣的飛行機動性能顯然無法使被其鎖定的飛行員逃出生天﹔面對如此嚴重的失衡,液壓式抗G衣也提供陷入絕對劣勢的載人戰機一絲曙光:在節目中,一名一般英國飛行員穿著此新型抗G衣,在加速機中接受持續正10G的加速度(這是會讓絕大多數穿著傳統抗G衣的飛行員陷入昏迷狀況的高機動狀態),可是在測試過程中,該名飛行員只覺得有些頭暈眼花而已。

新一代的戰機,如疾風式,其極限機動過載性能可達11G,至於EF2000颱風式戰機,其最大機動過載性能更可高達12G以上(去年尖端科技月刊更有高達15G一說)﹔為了讓飛行員能徹底發揮這些戰機性能,在未來高機動短程空戰格鬥時爭取最大生機勝算,液壓式抗G衣將成為不可或缺的配備﹔在傳說中最高機動性能可達20~30G,搭配激光武器的無人空優戰機八字尚未有一撇之前,此新型抗G衣或可在國際軍火市場上獨領風騷三四十年。

補充:一些新型戰機的最大機動過載性能

F-16A/C:+9.0G(號稱是世上第一種可進行持續9g過載飛行的現役戰機)

Su-37:+10.0G(號稱是世上第一種可進行持續10g過載機動飛行的戰機)

F-15E:+10.5G(實戰紀錄,瞬間最大過載)

RAFALE:+11.0G(試飛紀錄)

EF2000:+12.0G以上(國家地理頻道消息)

F-22和EF2000:+10.0~+15.0G(去年尖端月刊消息)

JSF(有人機型,合約規範):+9.0G
JSF (無人構型,構想中):+15.0~+20.0G

2030全新設計無人空優戰機:+20.0~+30.0G


在幾個月前的某科學月刊中,又對此型抗g衣有後續報導,美國空軍對其進行實地測試:一名穿著液體抗G衣(又名蜻蜓裝,因為本衣的抗高g原理和蜻蜓的心臟能抗高g,因而能做出高難度飛行動作的原理相同。)的前座飛行員和一名穿著老美空軍最新裝備,預定為猛禽戰機標準配備的先進空戰抗G服的後座飛行員同乘一架雙座戰機(應該是F15)進行實地比較,前座的蜻蜓男使出渾身解數,讓戰機進行的一個又一個持續高g飛行動作,一直到後座的先進空戰男再也承受不住,討饒哀求停止時,蜻蜓男仍是遊刃有餘。

本服裝還有另外一個附加優點,就是衣中所含液體其實是可飲用的抗凍水溶液(實際成分乃商業機密),因此即使萬一不幸被擊落且落入敵境或偏遠地區,穿蜻蜓裝的飛行員至少暫時不必為飲水發愁。


NO:956_4
黃金左腳  於 2002/10/19 11:34
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

美哉!!吾愛菈法兒

作詞:Toga

作曲:黃金左腳

K大調,USO旋律


喔∼∼∼∼∼美麗絕倫的菈法兒,自從1984在全防偶遇,我對妳的愛便始終如一。

喔∼∼∼∼∼天仙縹緲的菈法兒,雖然分隔巴黎台北兩地,我倆的心仍永不分離。

優雅光滑的翼胴融合,穠纖合度的前翼設計,妳劃過天際的身影令我心魂俱醉,神秘且夢幻的匿蹤舞者。

領導時代的航電軟體,萬法皆通的縱橫才氣,妳主宰天地的霸氣令我魂牽夢縈,迷人又致命的魅惑女神。

雖然時局險惡,美帝俄棍當道,妳依舊超然絕俗,玉潔冰清不染一絲塵埃;

即令時不我與,洛馬波音橫行,我仍然一本初衷,全心獻上對妳無盡的愛。

================================================================================

RAFALE 疾風式戰機

一、 機身尺寸:

翼展寬度:10.90m

戰機全長:15.30m

機身全高: 5.34m

機翼面積: 46.0m2

機體空重:十噸級

全備起飛:23000kg(法國本土型,註一)至24500kg(MK2外銷型,註二)

標準空戰:13450kg

內載燃油:5625L(單座型)/5300L(雙座型)

外掛彈量:8000kg(法國本土型,註三)至9500kg(MK2 外銷型)


註一:受航艦承重能力限制影響,自航艦起飛的艦載型最大起飛重侷限在21000kg。
註二:達騷集團還有將其近一步提昇至27,200kg之計劃。
註三:艦載型受航艦承重限制影響,當內載燃油滿載時,自航艦起飛時的最大外掛彈量被侷限於五至六噸。

===============================================================

二、基本飛行性能諸元:

高空最高時速...........Mach 1.8
低空最高時速................750kts
最低飛行速度................115kts
超音速巡航.............Mach 1.1+

空戰起飛跑道長度.......≦400 m
海平面爬升率.............305m/sec+
實用升限...................18400 m +

作戰半徑:

A. 長程空戰任務:1852km(油箱4具,計6600L燃油,MICA AAM*8)

B. 低空穿透打擊:1100km(油箱3具,計4300L燃油,MICA AAM*4,1000Ib炸彈*12)

C. MK2外銷型可搭配使用兩具1150L適型油箱(CFT),在攜帶三具總計5700L的副油箱,兩具1150L CFT,兩枚SCALP-EG陸攻巡航飛彈以及兩枚米卡空對空飛彈的構型下,疾風MK2的打擊半徑據估計將可達1830公里左右,再配合上有效射程約400公里的SCALP-EG陸攻巡航飛彈,外銷型疾風MK2將可對距離2200公里範圍內的地面目標發動精確遠攻打擊。


空戰推重比............1.14/0.76(後燃/最大軍用,法國本土空軍型)
空戰推重比............1.35/0.90(後燃/最大軍用,MK2外銷型)

耐G限................-3.6至+9G(正常操作限度)﹔+11G以上(極限操作) 
最大攻角......................32度/大於100度(持續/瞬間)
瞬間迴旋角速率.........≧30度/sec
空戰翼負荷.............292.4kg/m2

正面雷達截面積....約為幻象兩千的1/10

===============================================================

三、機載引擎:M88-2渦扇*2 /M88-3渦扇*2 (法國本土型 /MK2 外銷型)

引擎重量:897kg(M88-2);985kg(M88-3)

最大軍用/後燃推力:5100kg/7650kg(M88-2);6123kg/9300kg (M88-3)

引擎推力重量比:8.53比1(M88-2);9.44比1(M88-3)

===============================================================

四、偵搜系統:

機載雷達:RBE-2被動陣列雷達/主動陣列雷達(法國本土型 /MK2 外銷型)

尖峰輸出功率:1kw(被動陣列)/不詳(主動陣列)

空戰任務最大偵測距離: 148km/≧170km

傳統戰機目標偵測距離:≧97km/≧110km

適度匿蹤目標偵測距離:≧65km/≧75km

追蹤同時掃描目標數:40個空中目標/不詳

同步攻擊能力:同時攻擊6至8個目標/不詳


被動偵搜:OSF光電追蹤系統

最大偵測距離:
紅外線追蹤---->148km
雷射測距儀----->40km
TV目標辨識-->20~30km


NO:956_5
黃金左腳  於 2002/10/19 11:41
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

史上最強之局地防空戰機: JAS-39

一、 機身尺寸:

翼展寬:8.40m
機全長:單座A型14.10m、雙座B型14.80m
機身高:4.50m
機空重:5700~6622kg
最大起飛重:14000kg
防空起飛重:8500kg


二、 飛行性能:

(拜先進氣動構型設計之賜,JAS-39的drag-force特低,因此雖然JAS-39在引擎動力與空戰推重比性能表現上平平無奇,可是其在實用升限、緊急攔截爬升性能、加速性能、轉彎性能、最大攻角等諸多攸關攔截性能的指標表現上都足以與較其體型大得多的EF-2000A空優戰機分庭亢禮,不愧是史上最強的局地防空戰機。)

高空最高時速:約2.0Mach弱
海平面最高時速:1.15Mach
超音速巡航性能:1.0Mach+
緊急爬升性能:自地面鬆煞車至爬升到10000m處,約2mins
實用升限:65,615ft(20000m)
加速能力:低空自0.5M加速至1.1M,30secs。
轉彎性能:30度/秒(瞬間),20度/秒(持續)
最大攻角:50度(FCS穩定攻角上限),110度(瞬間攻角極限)
空戰推重比:約1.0
持續耐G限:-3~+9G
(為了避免飛行員因劇烈的G值變化昏迷失事,瑞典開發了新型抗G服供其飛行員配備使用;這款新型抗G衣的抗G能力極為優異,據說當戰機機動至9G的時候,飛行員所感受到的G值只有5~6G而已;所以理論上,在緊急狀況下JAS-39飛行員可以做出12~13G的緊急瞬間機動……...這對面臨日益刁鑽靈活的紅外線短程AAM/SAM的戰機飛行員而言,倒還真是一件好消息。)

起飛跑道長:≦500m(防空作戰構型)
降落跑道長:350~400m(14度攻角,落地時速235km)

最大續航距離:3000km
CAP(AIM-120*2, AIM-9L*2, 兩具副油箱):可在距離基地385km處執行巡邏任務兩小時
Lo-Lo-Lo打擊任務半徑:648km(1000磅級GBU-16*3)
Lo-Lo-Lo打擊任務半徑:833km(1000磅級GBU-16*2+副油箱*1)
Hi-Lo-Hi反艦作戰Range:500km(RBS-15F ASM*2)
點至點最大飛送航程:2778km


三、 引擎動力:RM-12渦扇引擎*1
最大軍推:12140Ib(54kN)
後燃推力:18100Ib(80.51kN)


四、 火控雷達:PS-05/A脈波都卜勒雷達
空對空偵測距離:約可在120km處偵測到典型戰機大小目標。
多目標攻擊能力:追14打4。

五、標準武裝:

固定武裝:毛瑟Bk-27 27mm單管機炮*1(砲彈120發)
(JAS-39的機炮射控有一項獨步全球的性能:Auto-aimer;一旦飛行員開火,戰機雷達便自動追蹤目標並計算目標的正確機炮攔截距離與射擊角度,同時自動控制戰機的飛行,使機砲火力能精準的朝目標投射【也就是說,一旦確認攻擊目標,飛行員只管扣板機就好,飛行的部份交由電腦處理即可。】;這種能力不僅能使JAS-39的機炮有效射程顯著延伸,在惡劣天候或夜晚的情況下使用更是效果奇佳。根據一位瑞典試飛員的說法,在一次與老美同行的交流會議中,他曾向老美同行們提及JAS-39此一獨特性能,而老美同行的反應卻是:“這怎麼可能∼∼∼!!!???”)

空戰配備:
短程AAM:
目前Rb-74(AIM-9L)*2 � 2004年以後Rb-98*2(IRIS-T IIR高機動離軸短程AAM,有效射程約12km+,並具有反巡航飛彈能力)
中程AAM:
目前Rb-99(AIM-120B)*4 � 短期目標為將Rb-99的最大攜行量提升至六發(在機腹底下改裝類似經國號戰機的縱列式雙發半隱藏AAM發射器)� 2010年以後改以Meteor中長程AAM為主力。

反艦配備:
RBS-15M/F ASM(RBS-15M單發重量約600kg,擁有200kg級HE彈頭,有效射程約15miles【24KM】)

對地攻擊配備:
1. Rb-75(小牛A/B型飛彈):有效射程約6km。
2. Bk-90次彈械撒佈器:有效射程5~10km。
3. 波佛斯M70六聯裝135mm無導引火箭發射器。
4. 1000Ib級LGB(GBU-16……..)
5. 德瑞合作KEPD-150/350金牛座遠攻飛彈(根據先前計畫,射程較遠且重量較重的KEPD-350將由德國空軍的龍捲風重型戰鬥轟炸機與EF-2000中型多用途戰機使用,至於較為輕小短程的KEPD-150則供瑞典空軍的JAS-39所使用;然而隨著JAS-39的武裝攜型量日益提升【3600kg-->4500kg-->5300kg】,現在瑞典空軍也在積極考慮放棄KEPD-150,改用射程較遠的KEPD-350。)

尚待開發賦予之能力:SEAD防空壓制能力、戰術偵查性能


六、 後勤維修/操作成本:
a. 7.6 flight hours between failures。
b. Less than 10 maintenance man-hours per flight hour。
c. Flyaway Price:equal to the new F-16C/D
d. Operating cost:less than 2500 USD per flying hour.


七、 近未來升級改良計畫:

第三批次型(JAS-39C/D):
a. NVG使用能力
b. 新型敵我識別裝置
c. in-flight refuelling capability
d. EWS-39第二代整合式電戰系統(初期型JAS-39A/B的電戰系統只有RWR、ECM模組以及兩具翼尖BOP403干擾絲/火焰彈撒佈器,EWS-39將增添兩具派龍攜帶BOP402 反制措施撒佈器、一具雷射警告裝置、一具飛彈近迫警告器和一具BOL500拖曳式RF誘餌。)
e. 機腹縱列式雙發半隱藏飛彈發射器

尚在考量中的進一步升級計畫:
a. 被動式偵搜系統(Saab IR-OTIS IRST)
b. 頭盔顯示器(由Celsius的Oden系統與Ericsson-Saab合作的Pilkington系統競標)
c. AESA雷達(Ericsson研發)

@ 由於預算不足,EJ-200系列引擎+向量推進升級改裝計畫已被放棄。

八、JAS-39A資料鏈系統,CDL39之性能概述:

a. 構成套件:
1. Fr41類比式radio*2
2. Fr90數位式radio*1
(操作頻率:960~1215MHz,使用先進抗干擾技術,例如躍頻捷變、Encryption、先進密碼等等....)
3. Audio Management Unit(AMU)
4. Ground Telecommunication Amplifier(GTA)
5. Audio Control Panel(ACP)
6. Communication Control Display Unit(CCDU)

b. 有效範圍約300+ miles(500km),可以同時統合四架JAS-39A進行聯合空對空/空對海/空對地作戰任務。

c. 根據FMV說法,和CDL39相較,現役的其他西方世界戰機DATALINK不僅資料傳輸交換速率低得可憐,且無法實現平台間資訊自由傳輸,能處理的資料形式也受限;得等到F-18E/F與EF-2000等先進戰機正式服役之後,歐美各國海空軍方能首次擁有能與瑞典空軍JAS-39相提並論的DATALINK戰力。

d. 瑞典空軍演習發現,靠著使用CDL39,六架JAS-39A便足以捍衛瑞典一半的國土領空,三組CAP則足以徹底監控捍衛整個瑞典東半部海岸線的空防安全。


九、量產批次簡介:

Batch1:
1. 1982年簽約訂購,總數量30架,並於1993/6/8~1996/12/13期間陸續交貨;其中單座A型29架(S39101~S39130),雙座B型1架(其從單座型S39129改裝而來,並且重新編號命名為S39800);其中單座型S39102於1993年八月十八日因FCS系統問題而失事墜毀。

2. 其電子系統配備為MK1構型,重要內容如下:
a. D80任務電腦
b. 李耳公司研發三重數位式線傳飛控系統。
c. 休斯公司研發廣角HUD。
d. 三具5*6 Inch 單色CRT HDD,由PP1和PP2處理器操控。

3. 目前所有第一批次型JAS-39A/B均已被升級至第二批次MK2構型。


Batch2:

1. 1992年簽約訂購,總數量110架,並於1996/12/19~2003年間陸續交貨;其中單座A型96架(S39131~S39226),雙座B型14架(S39801~S39814),本批次戰機又分成兩個次型:MK2和MK3構型。

2. MK2構型的重要改良內容:
a. 任務電腦升級為D80E,記憶容量與處理速度分別為舊有的D80之五倍與十倍。
b. 線傳飛控系統改由洛馬集團供應。
c. HUD改由Kaiser電子提供。
d. CRT HDD改以較為輕小且能力更強的PP12處理器操控。
e. APU系統由先前的法國貨改為美製品,輸出功率更強,且噪音與操作成本更低。


3. MK3構型的重要改進內容:
a. 本批次最後20架單座型【S39207~39226】為此構型,未來更預定近一步升級至MK4構型。
b. 任務電腦換裝為全新的D96模組化超級電腦,記憶容量與處理速度均有所提升。
c. HDD部份換裝使用彩色型CRT。
d. 其他部份同MK2構型。


Batch3(JAS-39至此改稱為C/D型):

1. 1997年簽約訂購,總數量64架,並預定於2003~2007年間陸續交貨;其中單座C型50架(S39227~S39276),雙座D型14架(S39815~S39828)。

2. 其電子系統配備為MK4構型,重要改進內容如下:
a. HDD部份換裝新型6*8新型多功能LCD。
b. 換裝新型數位式錄影記錄器。
c. 雙座D型後座航電系統升級修改/獨立化,使後座飛行員可以充作第二駕駛或任務執行官,使JAS-39D可以勝任更多特殊任務,如攻擊機隊先導機、戰場命令指揮機、防空壓制、電子壓制以及目前研擬中,預定2015至2020年間實現的無人攻擊機之指揮母機等等.....

3. 目前瑞典方面只預定把MK3構型的JAS-39A升級至MK4構型,所以到2008年左右,瑞典空軍的JAS-39機隊組成將為:
JAS-39A/B MK2 119架,其中單座A型104架,雙座B型15架。
JAS-39C/D MK4 84架,其中單座C型 70架,雙座D型14架。

================================================================================

1. 速度: 可在中高空以1.8馬赫的持續速度飛行
2. 加速度: 比F/A-18C與幻象兩千快, 但是比F-16C慢

3. 轉彎角速率:
持續轉彎角速率略遜F-16C與F/A-18C一籌, 但比幻象兩千快, 至於瞬間轉彎角速率則明顯優於前述三者, 對於近距空戰搶第一時間鎖定大有助益.

4. CAREFREE線傳飛控設計, 測試時最大飛行攻角超過一百度

5. 極低的正面RCS, 只有F-18C的1/5, F-16C BLOCK40的1/3, M2000-5的1/2

6. PS-05A雷達有效偵測距離: 略遜於AN/APG-65, 但較RDY遠20%, 較AN/APG-68遠40%

7. 面對MIG-29等級對手時:
A. JAS-39A: 可較敵人遠60km先敵發現
B. M2000-5: 可較敵人遠32km先敵發現
C. F-18C/D: 可較敵人遠25km先敵發現
D. F-16C/D: 可較敵人遠5km先敵發現 (BLOCK40)

8. 精益求精的後勤維修支援可靠性:
A. 平均故障間隔時間: 7.6飛行小時 (現役美空軍前線戰機未有能超過4.1飛行小時者)
B. 每飛行小時維修人工時數: 12-->10
C. 每飛行小時所需費用: 2500美金--> 2000美金
D. 十二架編製中隊僅需60名地勤人員負責後勤工作, 三名地勤可在四十五分鐘內完成引擎拆換裝的工作.


NO:956_6
flak  於 2002/10/19 13:21
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

>可自動開始TWS模式
EF-2000不是自動開始TWS,而是永遠都是TWS。這就是機械天線要硬追同時接戰能力的方法

NO:956_7
黃金左腳  於 2002/11/03 21:30
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

本月號AFM消息,一片愁雲慘霧的歐洲三代半:

1. 奧地利總理宣佈凍結歐洲戰機採購案,留待大選之後的新政府決定其生死存亡﹔俄國米高揚集團則利用這大好時機,向奧地利大力推銷MIG-29的最新版本:MIG-29M1與MIG-29M2。由於俄羅斯積欠奧國不少外債,因此這批戰機將作為老俄償債之用,將不必花奧國半毛錢研發採購。

2. 為了籌措水災後重建經費,捷克政府正式宣佈取消24架JAS-39採購案,改以採購或租借現役二手戰機以玆取代﹔目前捷克國防部正和美德英法瑞典等國洽商中,據信以老美的二手F-16之勝出機率最高。

3. 雖然幾乎已經註定出局的命運,達騷集團仍決定在波蘭未來戰機採購案中奮力一搏,以單價四千萬美金的報價向波蘭推銷幻象兩千五,達騷集團還做出一項驚人的宣稱:“這個報價並非獨厚波蘭,其實賣給希臘,“台灣”,埃及的幻象兩千的價格與老美推銷F-16的報價是一模一樣的,而非某些別有居心份子所聲稱的高出60%........”

@#$!&*?............公交會在哪裡??


NO:956_8
黃金左腳  於 2002/11/11 01:44
新舊颱風差幾何??

老英本國採購的EF-2000颱風單位造價
1. 單機基礎造價6400萬美金
2. 連同研發與後勤維修的整體成本單價:約一億零四百多萬美金

相形之下, 五十多年前老英的初代颱風戰鬥轟炸機,其在當時(1940年代)的成本造價為8200美金,相當於2000年時的21萬美金上下..........


NO:956_9
黃金左腳  於 2002/11/11 01:55
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

Man servicing hours per flying hour.....

一般第三代戰機:20~60 Man servicing hours per flying hour
F-18E/F 超級大黃蜂:15 Man servicing hours per flying hour
JAS-39A 獅鷲式戰機:10 Man servicing hours per flying hour
EF2000A 颱風式戰機: 9 Man servicing hours per flying hour
RAFALE菈法兒式戰機: 7 Man servicing hours per flying hour


NO:956_10
flak  於 2002/11/11 17:02
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

jed對Rafale的專篇文章
http://www.jedonline.com/default.asp?func=articles&year;=2002&month;=11&page;=0211j13&doct;=cover%20story

NO:956_11
升官的黃金左腳  於 2002/11/16 10:37
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

來自“一擊必殺AEON環宇軍武網”的新聞收錄:

宛若電影“火狐狸”的真實版,只是這次的受益者是老俄,倒楣的受害者是瑞典......  


11月13日電:瑞典反間諜機關宣佈抓獲數名向俄羅斯提供情報的間諜,他們被指揮盜竊“易立信”公司的最新技術等情報,並使俄羅斯掌握了瑞典研製的JAS-39戰鬥機的重要情報。

  
據稱,俄羅斯方面已經獲得了PS-05/A型多功能機載脈衝多普勒雷達、新型飛機相陣控雷達(AESA)的工作程式及戰術技術性能、機載無線電電子壓制設備(包括新型EWS 39型系統)、戰鬥機在完成集群作戰任務時的資訊交換設備、駕駛艙儀錶(包括EP 17型顯示系統)、頭盔目標指示系統、SDS 80型發動機數位控制系統,以及JAS-39型飛機與S 102B型無線電電子偵察系統和S 100B型遠程雷達探測系統協同匹配等參數。

  
同時,俄羅斯方面還被指已獲得JAS-39戰機的機載武器系統的材料,包括RB74、RB99(AIM-120 AMRAAM)和RB75(新改良型“小牛”導彈)和一種戰術巡航導彈。
〔對台灣方面而言,本事件最大的隱憂麻煩大概在此:AIM-120和AIM-9L的機密外洩了...) 
  

因此,專家聲稱,莫斯科方面現在已掌握JAS-39戰鬥機電子設備和在戰鬥中所使用的殺傷武器的“一切”或“幾乎一切”。


NO:956_12
黃金左腳  於 2002/11/22 02:16
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

霉星,你的名字叫颱風..............

MADRID, Nov 21 (AFP) - 14:35 GMT - A prototype of the long-awaited Eurofighter warplane crashed south of Madrid on Thursday morning, a Spanish government source said.

Both pilots ejected before the crash and escaped unharmed, the defence ministry source said.

The plane was on a test flight at a height of 15,000 meters (nearly 50,000 feet) when its two engines shut off simultaneously. The pilots, a lieutenant colonel and a major in the Spanish air force, were unable to reignite the engines before ejecting.

The plane crashed in the region of Toledo, 70 kilometers (about 40 miles) south of Madrid, and the pilots landed near the town of Ciudad Real.

The Eurofighter -- a two-seater, two-engine fighter jet -- is made by a consortium composed of Britains BAE Systems, Germanys Daimler-Benz Aerospace (Dasa), Italys Alenia and the Spanish group Casa


NO:956_13
SK2  於 2002/11/23 00:08
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

Eurofighter crash will hurt development programme

By Craig Hoyle, JDW Aviation Editor, London

The four-nation programme to develop and field the Eurofighter strike aircraft suffered a significant setback today (21 November) when one of seven development aircraft (DA) supporting the effort was lost during an accident in Spain. The incident represents the first Eurofighter loss in the design’s eight-plus years of flight-trial activities conducted to date.

The two-seat DA6 platform crashed near the central Spanish town of Toledo after taking off from Spanish airframe manufacturer EADS-CASA’s Getafe facility near Madrid for a test flight. The aircraft’s two crewmembers – the company’s chief Eurofighter test pilot and a Spanish Air Force pilot – ejected safely.

Eurofighter consortium spokesman Ian Bustin told Jane’s Defence Weekly that the cause of the accident would hopefully be determined within 24 hours of the crash, since vital flight-performance information was being passed to the Getafe facility via datalink during the ill-fated sortie. Early press reports, which quoted a Spanish Ministry of Defence official as saying the aircraft had suffered a double-engine failure at high altitude, were “speculative”, he added.

The six remaining Eurofighter development aircraft and the programme’s first three instrumented production aircraft – one each for Germany, Italy and the UK – were not scheduled to fly on 21 November, said Bustin. These will be grounded until the initial findings of the accident have been declared, with a fleet-wide grounding order likely if the Spanish crash is not considered to be a ‘one-off’ incident.

While the Eurofighter organisation says it had a contingency plan in place to cover the loss of a DA-series aircraft, a grounding order could well threaten its chances of delivering the programme’s first production aircraft before year-end.

http://www.janes.com/defence/air_forces/news/jdw/jdw021121_1_n.shtml


NO:956_14
BWS-代轉碼  於 2002/11/23 13:41
Re:sk2

Eurofighter 失敗損害發展方案將由Craig Hoyle, JDW 航空編輯, 倫敦

四國家程式發展和調遣Eurofighter 罷工航空器今天遭受了重大回置(11月21 日) 當七個發展航空器(DA 的當中一個) 支持工作成績丟失了在一次事故期間在西班牙。事件代表第一Eurofighter 損失在design..s 八加上幾年飛行試算活動迄今被舉辦。

二位子DA6 平臺失敗了在Toledo 附近中央西班牙城鎮在離開從西班牙飛機機架製造商EADS-CASA..s Getafe 設備以後在馬德里附近為試驗飛行。aircraft..s 二crewmembers .V company..s 首要Eurofighter 試飛員和西班牙空軍飛行員.V 安全地□出了。

Eurofighter 財團發言人伊恩·Bustin 告訴了Jane..s 防禦每週, 事故的原因有希望地會是堅定的在失敗的24 時數之內, 因為重要飛行性能資訊通過對Getafe 設備通過datalink 在惡運的出□期間。早期的新聞報道, 引述了西班牙國防部官員因為說航空器遭受了雙重引擎故障在高處, 是..speculative.., 他添加了。

六個殘餘的Eurofighter 發展航空器和programme..s 第一三個被導航的生產航空器.V 一個每為德國、義大利和英國.V 未預定飛行在11月21 日, 說Bustin 。這些可能將被接地直到事故的首字母研究結果被宣稱, 以一個艦隊寬地面命令如果西班牙失敗不認為是..one-off.. 事件。

當Eurofighter 組織認為它到位有一個後備計劃承擔DA 系列航空器的損失, 一個地面命令能湧出威脅其首先傳送programme..s 生產航空器的機會在年底之前。

無聊~~轉碼試試看.....多造福一點英文跟小弟一樣破的讀者


NO:956_15
黃金左腳  於 2002/11/25 21:15
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

霉到最高點,歐洲三代半............

Germany looking to cut Eurofighter order

BERLIN, Nov 25 (AFP) - 12:27 GMT - Germany could reduce its order of Eurofighter airforce jets, members of a parliamentary defence commission said in interviews with Mondays Financial Times Deutschland newspaper.
After the Airbus, the A400M military transport plane, we will have to look closely at the number of Eurofighters, Rainer Arnold, defence expert for the ruling Social Democrats parliamentary group, told the business daily.

Germany ordered 73 of the Airbus transporters, the largest order placed, and the project hinges on Berlins continued participation. But speculation is rife that it will cut its order to 60 planes.

The total number of Eurofighters -- particularly just fighter aircraft -- is no longer justifiable, said Arnolds colleague from the Green party, Winfried Nachtwei.

The Eurofighter -- a two-seater, two-engine fighter jet -- is being made by a consortium composed of Britains BAE Systems, Germanys Daimler-Benz Aerospace (Dasa), Italys Alenia and the Spanish group Casa.

Germany ordered 180 Eurofighters out of a total of 620 in the mid-1990s. Britain, Italy and Spain placed the other orders.

The government is trying to cut spending to reduce its public deficit, and the defence budget has been targeted as the economic gloom continues.


NO:956_16
黃金左腳  於 2002/12/03 01:27
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

有關歐洲戰機作戰資訊整合的概括描述:

(http://www.eurofighter.starstreak.net/Eurofighter/sensors.html)

Traditionally each sensor in an aircraft has been treated as a discrete source of information. However this can result in conflicting data and hence an increased pilot workload. Additionally it limits the ability to effectively automate systems. To overcome this the Typhoon employs what is now known as sensor fusion techniques (in a similar fashion to the U.S. F-22 Raptor). Considering that the Typhoons avionics systems are still based on a typical distributed, or federated system (i.e. individual components linked via a standard databus) rather than a centralised architecture (which the F-22 has gone some way towards implementing) this seems like quite an achievement.

In the Eurofighter this fusion of all data sources is achieved through the Attack and Identification System, or AIS. The AIS combines all data from the major on-board sensors along with any information obtained from off-board platforms such as AWACS, ASTOR, JSTARS or even other Eurofighters via the Multi-function Information Distribution System, or MIDS link. Additionally the AIS integrates all the other major offensive and defensive systems such as the; DASS, Navigation, ACS and Communications.

The physical design of the AIS comprises of essentially two separate units; the Avionic Computer (AC) and Navigation Computer (NC). These are linked via the STANAG-3910 databus to the other major systems such as the ACS, ECR-90/CAPTOR, PIRATE, etc. Both the NC and AC are identical in design and comprise a modular system based on Motorola 68020 CPUs with 68882 Maths co-processors. In addition several custom RISC based processors are utilised to accelerate floating point and matrix operations.

By having such a single source of information pilot workload should be reduced by removing the possibility of conflicting data and the need for cross-checking, improving situational awareness and increasing systems automation. In practice the AIS should allow the Eurofighter to identify targets at distances in excess of 150 nm and acquire and auto-prioritise them at over 100nm. In addition the AIS offers the ability to automatically control emissions from the aircraft, so called EMCON (from EMissions CONtrol). This should aid in limiting the detectability of the Typhoon by opposing aircraft further reducing pilot workload.

(由此可看出先進資料鏈網路作戰+資訊融合科技對空優作戰的助益之大:歐洲戰機因此甚至可以在維持雷達靜默的狀態下,在距離敵機280公里外便能初步辨識敵機身分,而在185公里以外處即可執行目標捕捉與攻擊優先順序之排定,足可充份利用衝壓推進AAM所帶來的長程優勢.)


NO:956_17
黃金左腳  於 2002/12/03 01:55
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

歐洲戰機(可能)的標準BVR空戰模式

1. 初步偵測識別敵機:
A. 資料鏈:280公里以上
B. 本機雷達:130~160公里(一般戰機大小目標),320公里級(大型空中目標)
C. 本機光電:55~92公里(實戰狀況),148公里(理想狀態)

2. 目標捕捉與攻擊優先順序之排定
A. 資料鏈:185公里以上
B. 本機雷達:100公里以上

3. 戰機加速至1.8Mach級,距敵機30~40公里(AIM-120)或60~80公里(流星)處發射主動雷達導引中長程AAM.

4, 以最高可達35度/秒的超高瞬間轉彎角速率與最高據說可達12~15G的機動力儘可能迅速脫離敵機的飛彈獵殺區.


NO:956_18
黃金左腳  於 2002/12/05 23:13
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

原本是要貼到尖端軍武版,本人所屬欄位(永遠的天下第二,歐洲颱風)的回應篇,結果尖端軍武版不知道在打啥擺子,一連三天讓在下不得其門而入,沒奈何只有暫放於此,看看有無能自由進出尖端軍武版的志士仁人能予以協助..........

自從在下被全防會總舵主贊揚,升格為TOGA堂分舵主以來,所得到的直接獎勵便是:時靈時不靈的密碼,越來越慢的畫面轉換速度,如今連想自家分堂都不得其門而入,實在令人哭笑不得.

1、2點你所提到的資料鏈方式是否僅是簡單的可顯示距離?

A: 不能確定,不過所謂的資料鏈網路作戰+資訊整合系統方式等於是將來自遠方的友機,空中/地面預警機,地面防空雷達網與水面防空指揮艦等各路人馬所發現的敵情資料收集整合後所得到的本機周圍空地戰情圖,因此資料的詳細完整程度恐怕是要視情況而定的............

12-15G的大過載機動似乎對於擁有超機動能力的戰機而言沒有必要呀?

A:歐洲戰機最為注重的機動領域是超音速瞬間迴轉閃避機動性,而在此一領域裡,戰機速度/轉彎角速率/轉彎半徑都和過載息息相關,過載承受能力越強(且駕駛員能承受的話),飛機便能以更高的速度,更快的轉彎率與更小的轉彎半徑進行動能與機敏性兼顧的高速機動,讓對手AAM與SAM的有效獵殺區域大減


關鍵問題是在新的代償服發展出來之前,沒有什么人能在實戰中讓飛機用超過10G以上的過載。飛行員根本承受不了。

A:
1. 波斯灣戰爭的時候,便有駕駛F-15E的奇男子為了閃避迎面而來的SAM,飛出10.5G的機動.
2. 歐洲戰機頗有可能採用的新世代抗G衣蜻蜓裝 ,已經在地面與空中的實驗中證明,能讓飛行員處在持續9~10G機動的環境下時,感受和在穿著傳統抗G衣在持續6~7g的環境下之感受差不多;更重要的一點,蜻蜓裝能針對瞬間巨幅G力變化即時反應,不像傳統抗G衣得等個兩三秒之後方能開始作用,對於戰機飛行員的安全保障之大難以估計(台灣空軍飛行員若有此款抗G衣的話,則截至目前的二代機損失與人員傷亡恐怕能減少至少一半以上...........).就算真的不幸慘遭擊落,這套蜻蜓裝 還有最後一個好處:裡面的水溶液是可以喝的,倖存但落入險境的飛行員於短時間內,至少不必為飲水問題傷腦筋


NO:956_19
貝璐的家畜RYAN  於 2002/12/05 23:19
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

↑toga大:
DTM論壇修正路徑
請由dtm首頁進入並更新

NO:956_20
黃金左腳  於 2002/12/05 23:28
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

不是那個問題,而是進到軍武討論區的首頁之後,想要進入之下任一分欄時,都好像被黃金體驗命中般..........畫面開啟一部份後便僵在那裡不動

NO:956_21
黃金左腳  於 2002/12/10 20:42
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

MAKO計畫動力來源定案,勝出者:老美22,000磅級F-414M渦扇發動機
(歐洲自家人產品EJ200系列居然敗陣.......真是估不到....................)

(Source : EADS ; issued Dec. 9, 2002)

MUNICH, Germany & EVENDALE, Ohio --- EADS, one of the worlds leading aerospace and defense companies, Monday confirmed that its military aircraft division has signed a teaming agreement for the definition phase of the Mako advanced trainer and light combat aircraft with General Electrics Aircraft Engine division.

This cooperative effort between EADS and GE will define the integration of a derivative of the GE fighter engine F414-GE-400 aboard the Mako.

Working together, EADS Military Aircraft and GE will specify the technical details of the Mako powerplant installation and the single-engine features for the F414. In addition, the team will develop all specifications and documentation necessary to prepare the launch of the development phase, planned for mid - 2004. The 22,000 pounds-class propulsion system for the Mako aircraft family is designated F414M (M for Mako) and will incorporate the single-engine features of the basic F414, which is in service with the U.S. Navys F/A-18E/F Super Hornet since 2000.

Ralph Crosby, Chairman and CEO of EADS North America, commented on the collaboration, EADS is proud to partner with GE on the Mako advanced trainer. We think that defense cooperation going both directions is critically important to transatlantic security. It is our goal to nurture relationships with American industry leaders like GE, and to strategically bolster our position as the partner of choice for the transatlantic defense and aerospace market.

General Electric Aircraft Engines is thrilled with the opportunity to collaborate on a European-designed high-performance aircraft family, said George Bolln, general manager of the F414/F404 Programs at GE Aircraft Engines. GEAE has a fantastic record of industrial collaboration on military and commercial aircraft programs in Europe. Consistent with our commitment to EADS, and similar to our approach on other military applications in Europe, some F414M engine work for the Mako program will be provided by European jet engine manufacturers and suppliers. We are convinced that the F414 will greatly complement the performance and cost-of-ownership features inherent in EADS Mako aircraft concept.

The F414 derivative engine is based upon its successful predecessor, the F404. The engine when analyzed, shows impressive performance and comes closest to the Mako design criteria. The efficiency of the engine promises to deliver a significant reduction in life-cycle cost, compared to other advanced trainers either on the market or at the drawing board, commented Max Heyder, Mako Program Manager at EADS Military Aircraft, on the technical


NO:956_22
黃金左腳  於 2002/12/19 23:02
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

歷經千百波折之後,龜毛的老德總算點頭OK了,目前衝壓流星時代到來的最新預定時刻表:2011年;挑戰目標:攔截宰殺百公里外的高機動戰機.

(Source: German Ministry of Defence; issued Dec. 18, 2002)

On 18 December 2002 budget committee and defence committee of the German Bundestag decided the participation of Germany in the European development of the Meteor air-to-air guided missile, in co-operation with Great Britain, France, Sweden, Spain and Italy.

On Dec. 4, Minister of Defense Peter Struck had outlined to the Bundestag, how the continuation of the reform of the German Armed Forces will be modified on the basis of the coalition agreement. Following the general agreement of the Federal Department of Finance covering funding for procurement and equipment planning of the armed forces, the defense ministry’s capacity to proceed with the Meteor program was achieved.

In the medium term, Meteor will provide Eurofighter, the new combat aircraft being developed for the air forces of Great Britain, Italy, Spain and Germany, with a superior weapon for engaging air targets at medium and long ranges.

Meteor is to replace the US-manufactured AMRAAM air-to-air missile, which will remain in service until 2011, when the first Meteor missiles will enter service as the main armament of Eurofighter.

Meteor will also be capable of engaging highly maneuvering targets at ranges of up to 100 km., and will thus substantially improve the effectiveness of Eurofighter’s weapon system.

Our French and Swedish partners will use the Meteor on their Rafale and Gripen combat aircraft


NO:956_23
黃金左腳  於 2002/12/26 22:31
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

一擊必殺AEON環宇軍武網

德國參與歐洲流星(Meteor)未來中程空對空導彈的研製
2002-12-26

  [法國《航宇防務》2002年12月19日報導] 2002年12月18日,德國聯邦議會預算委員會與國防委員會決定與英國、法國、瑞典、西班牙和義大利合作,參加歐洲流星(Meteor)未來中程空對空制導導彈的研製。
  
  12月4日,德國防部長彼得·斯切克就已向聯邦議會概要陳述了在與盟國協議的基礎上,將如何推進德國武裝部隊的改革。有了聯邦政府對武裝部隊採購和裝備計劃的資金支持,國防部完全有能力進行流星計劃。
  
  在計劃中期,流星將為EF-2000歐洲戰鬥機(主要為英國、義大利、西班牙和德國空軍研製)提供一种先進的武器,打擊中遠距離上的空中目標。
  
  流星將取代美國製造的AMRAAM(AIM-120)中程空對空導彈,AMRAAM(AIM-120)被認為無法逃避射程過短 ; 無法有效抗衡擊殺距離較遠的俄國製R-77與其沖壓推進衍生型R-77M , 於是英國空軍首先提出未來視距外空對空飛彈計劃 , 繼而有歐洲流星(Meteor)的得標 ! 美製AMRAAM(AIM-120)將在2011年退出歐洲國家空軍現役, 那時首批流星導彈將服役並作為歐洲戰鬥機的主要裝備。流星最大射程在160千米[公里]以 上 , 可以在100千米[公里]以外擊中快速移動目標 , 無法逃避射程也達40~80千米[公里] ! 它將充分提高EF-2000歐洲戰鬥機武器系統效率。法國和瑞典也將把流星裝備在他們的RAFALE颶風戰機和JAS-39戰鬥機上。
  
  歐洲聯邦議會同意多國合作研製流星導彈,認為有利於歐洲各國之間的武器合作,對歐洲兵器工業來說這是一個重要的、積極的信號。


NO:956_24
黃金左腳  於 2002/12/28 00:51
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

繼德國之後,英國也宣佈投資12億英鎊於流星AAM的研發量產上........

RAFs Typhoon to Get Worlds Best Air To Air Missile

(Source: UK Ministry of Defence; issued Dec. 23, 2002)

The Ministry of Defence today awarded a £1.2 billion contract for the development and production of a revolutionary air defence missile which will equip Typhoon fighters flown by the RAF and other nations.

An international consortium led by UK contractor MBDA (UK) will manufacture the missiles for the Typhoon. The missiles will also equip French Rafale and Swedish Gripen jets.

The missiles - named Meteor - feature a revolutionary air breathing ramjet motor, which will enable them to fly much further and improve agility. Their cutting-edge sensors and processors means they are much better equipped to defend themselves against opponents countermeasures.

The contract will create or sustain more than 1,200 jobs in the UK, and a total of 2,500 across Europe.

Defence Secretary Geoff Hoon said:

Meteor is a new concept in air-to-air weaponry. Its unique air-breathing motor will make it very difficult to evade, and state of the art electronics will make it the most effective air-to-air weapon we have seen.

Todays contract signing is the culmination of a complex process to provide Typhoon partner nations, with the best technology available to complement the aircraft.

I am sure that Meteor will be an example of what can be achieved through the combined efforts of European defence industries.


BACKGROUND NOTES:

1. The Meteor project is a UK-led collaboration and involves a unique collaboration between the UK, Germany, France, Italy, Sweden and Spain.

2. Meteor uses a stealthy launch technique, giving the enemy less time to take evasive action and it can engage multiple targets simultaneously - no matter what the weather conditions.
(這段話最令人玩味................)

3. Meteor is a Beyond Visual Range Air to Air Missile (BVRAAM). With Eurofighter/Typhoon it will combat air-to-air threat throughout the life of the aircraft. The BVRAAM project is managed at Defence procurement Agency headquarters at Abbey Wood, Bristol. The International Joint Programme Office team is led by Mike Smith, and includes representatives from each of the Partner Nations.

4. Around 1,200 jobs will be created in the UK, in both Stevenage and Bristol, and during production, in Lostock, Bolton.

5. Production of the Meteor is expected to start around 2008.


NO:956_25
黃金左腳  於 2002/12/28 00:59
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

唉.................

Poland chooses US F-16 for fighter jet contract: official

WARSAW, Dec 27 (AFP) - 11:43 GMT - Poland has chosen US-made F-16 fighter planes to replace its Soviet-built Mig fleet, Defence Minister Jerzy Szmajdzinski said on Friday.
He said US aerospace giant Lockheed Martin had beaten out British-Swedish aerospace consortium BAE Systems-SAAB which touted its Jas-39 Gripen

and Frances Dassault Aviation which offered its Mirage 2000-5 for the contract.

This is a crucial moment for the Polish army and an important moment for the Polish economy, Szmajdzinski said just before annoucing the winner of the order for 48 planes.

The purchase is needed to bring ex-communist Poland up to the standards of the NATO military alliance which it joined in 1999.

This decision is in the frawework of the restructurung of the Polish armed forces... After a period of sacrifices, the Polish army is entering into a period of modernisation, he said.

He described the choice as the best one for national security and the Polish economy.

To have a modern plane constitutes for Poland one of the most urgent necessities for defence of the Polish skies and our commitments as aally, he said.

Late on Thursday Dassault Aviation of France leaked the winner of the 3.5-billion-euro (3.63-billion-dollar) contract, saying the decision had been a political one.

The political element was the dominating element, much more than the quality of the material and the price, Dassault chief Charles Edelstenne told Radio France Info.

The Poles are greatly tempted by NATO, perhaps more than by Europe... I felt for a very long time that they very much favoured rapprochement with the Americans. So its not a surprise, nor is it a disappointment.

Poland has been a member of NATO since 1999 and is scheduled to join the European Union in 2004.


US nets 3.5-billion-dollar Polish fighter jet contract

WARSAW, Dec 27 (AFP) - 15:08 GMT - Poland on Friday went American choosing a F-16 fighter plane made by US aerospace giant Lockheed Martin over European rivals in a fiercely fought tender to upgrade its fleet to NATO standards.
I have decided that the offer lodged... in the name of the US government and proposing new F-16 CD block 50/52+ as the most beneficial and the most complex for the air force and the Polish economy, Defence Minister Jerzy Szmajdzinski told a news conference.

Lockheed Martin knocked British-Swedish consortium BAE Systems-SAAB with its Jas-39 Gripen and Frances Dassault Aviation with its Mirage 2000-5 out of the race, to win the almost 3.5-billion-dollars (euros) contract for 48 planes.

This is a crucial moment for the Polish army and an important moment for the Polish economy, Szmajdzinski said.

Ex-communist Poland needs the planes in order to replace its obsolete Soviet-built MiG-21 and MiG-29 jets and bring its military up to the standards of NATO, which it joined in 1999.

After a period of sacrifices, the Polish army is entering into a period of modernisation, Szmajdzinski said, describing the choice as the best one for national security and the Polish economy.

To have a modern plane constitutes (for Poland) one of the most urgent necessities, he said.

He said Lockheed Martin had also thrown in a lot of weapons, electronic guidance and navigation systems among other things.

In order to net the contract Lockheed Martin also proposed an investment package of 9.8 billion dollars, deputy defence Minister Janusz Zemke said.

Under Polish law the bidders must help Poland pay for the planes by a package of investments worth at least the value of the contract. Half of that investment must go to the defence industry.

However, in their bitterness, competitors complained the decision had been taken on political rather than technical and economic grounds.

Ahead of the long-awaited decision analysts had pointed to a conflict of interest for Warsaw, as it weighed its loyalties to the United States, and to the European Union, which it is expected to join on May 1, 2004.

Late on Thursday Dassault Aviation of France leaked the winner of the contract, saying the decision had been a political one.

The political element was the dominating element, much more than the quality of the material and the price, Dassault chief Charles Edelstenne told Radio France Info.

The Poles are greatly tempted by NATO, perhaps more than by Europe... I felt for a very long time that they very much favoured rapprochement with the Americans. So its not a surprise, nor is it a disappointment.

Owe Wagermark, spokesman for the Swedish arm of BAE Systems-SAAB said in Stockholm that the company was perhaps more surprised than disappointed.

It is obvious that instead of selecting the best technical solution, Poland made a political decision. (Polands) ties with the United States were more important than the choice of plane, he said.

US officials, from President George W. Bush downwards, had made it clear to Warsaw that it was expected to buy American if it wanted to be taken seriously within the 19-member transatlantic military alliance.

However, responding indirectly to the criticisms, the Polish defence minister denied the choice had been political.

Thats why there was a tender, so that sound arguments and not politics held sway, he said.

A week before the fighter jet announcement Poland chose Finnish company Patria Vehicles Oy for a 1.2-billion-euro (dollar) contract to supply it with armoured transport vehicles, in another of its billion-dollar efforts to come up to NATO standards.

The Finnish company beat out two other international consortiums, Austrias Steyer and Switzerlands Mowag.

Talks on the fighter jet contract are set to start on January 13, and signature is expected in March.


NO:956_26
VOR  於 2002/12/29 13:57
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

雖然政治原因影響了波蘭的決定,F-16也不差。

Mirage 2000-5 太貴,不適合波蘭。 Gripen 的價格及能力
都相當不錯,可惜在武器方面再怎麼樣也比不上 F-16。

美國同意出售AIM-9M、未來賣AIM-9X。中程武器自然是AIM-120C-5。
最重要的還是攻擊武器﹕GBU-10 、GBU-16、GBU-22/24 、GBU-32 JDAM、
GBU-87 、CBU-97、AGM-65G、AGM-154A/C、Pantera targeting pods、
Mk 82、Mk 83、Mk 84。


NO:956_27
flak  於 2002/12/30 18:59
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

>雖然政治原因影響了波蘭的決定,F-16也不差。
波蘭買的是有機背油箱的的Block 50+。
未來可以多掛點炸彈,多加點班,維護波蘭空軍總是參與聯軍,跟大夥兒一起扁人的優良傳統。

NO:956_28
黃金左腳  於 2002/12/30 21:34
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

有關歐洲戰機先進材料應用與成果方面
1. Eurofighter benefits from advances over the past twenty years in the fields of metallurgy, polymer science and composites. Over 80% of the airframe is comprised of modern materials. This brings advantages not only in terms of the strength to weight ratio but also has implications for stealth. For example a far smoother surface finish can be obtained compared to metal structures which in turn can be a significant factor in reducing the radar cross section of an aircraft.

2. Most of the aircraft shell, >70% is comprised of Carbon Fibre Composite (CFC), namely; the outer fuselage, wings (including in-board flaperons) and rudder. Additionally a significant proportion of the structural members are also constructed from CFC.

3. Overall only 15% of the Eurofighter shell is metal while 40% of the structural weight comprises CFC

4. In tandem with the unaerodynamic design, these strong but lightweight materials mean that the weight and size of the airframe and engine are 10 - 20% smaller and 30% lighter, than they would otherwise have been. This not only means that the aircraft has a reduced radar signature but is also more stealthy.


有關歐洲戰機未來再升級潛力方面:

At FOC (2005) Eurofighter Typhoon will retain the following growth potential:

Volume for Avionic equipment:10%

Engine Thrust:15%

Electrical Power:25%

Environmental Control System:25%

Databus load:100%

Computer memory:100%

Avionic Growth:100%



NO:956_29
黃金左腳  於 2003/01/03 21:50
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳

流星飛彈開發計畫正式上路...........

MBDA Signs Meteor Missile Contract

(Source: MBDA; issued Jan. 2, 2003)

The £1.2 billion (_1.86 billion) fixed price prime contract awarded to MBDA for the new Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air weapon was signed today at the Defence Procurement Agency in Abbey Wood, Bristol by the DPA on behalf of the Governments of France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK.

Meteor is the future long-range air-to-air armament selected jointly by Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK for the Eurofighter Typhoon, by France for the Rafale and Sweden for the Gripen fighter aircraft. The ramjet technology and advanced seeker capabilities of Meteor will provide these aircraft with the most advanced weapon system capable of countering all projected air-to-air threats.

As the prime contractor, MBDA will manage all of the development and production of the Meteor weapon. In doing so, the company will be working extremely closely with the aircraft constructors in order to ensure timely and effective integration of Meteor onto the three candidate aircraft.

Under the contract, MBDA will manage and execute work on the program through its operating companies in France, Italy and the UK. In a similar manner, MBDA will be working in close partnership with Bayern Chemie in Germany, Inmize, the MBDA joint venture in Spain, and Saab Bofors Dynamics in Sweden. In addition, the program will involve a wide range of sub-contractors across each Partner Nation. These sub-contractor selections will be based on the joint criteria of technical excellence, manageable risk and best value for money.

Overall, the Meteor program will involve some 250 companies throughout Europe. Around 2500 jobs will be created and sustained, thereby ensuring that Europe maintains the high-technology skills base and critical competitive edge essential to the strategically important missile systems industry.

Fabrice Brégier, Chief Executive Officer of MBDA said: “MBDA is proud to be entrusted with a program of such significance to Europe. This contract is a mark of customer confidence in MBDA. METEOR will further strengthen our position as a global player and reinforce our aspiration to become the benchmark company in the missile sector. This project will enhance our knowledge and capability to manage the large complex international programs necessary to deliver to our customers their cost-effective missile systems of the future.”

Guy Griffiths, MBDA Chief Operating Officer, said: “Meteor will further advance European technology and establish new standards for air-launched weapons. This will serve to keep Europe at the forefront of world missile capability and furthermore ensure that the Partner Nations retain full control of their next generation missile product and its technologies.”

In order to deliver the Meteor development program, and the associated integration onto all three aircraft platforms, MBDA has already established a fully integrated international project management team, encompassing the best skills and capabilities from the Company’s industrial partners across Europe.

Meteor Project Director, Trevor Taylor, said: “Working closely with our Meteor industrial partners, we have already conducted substantial advanced technology development work. The first key program milestone, scheduled for 2005, will be the initial firing of Meteor from an operational in-service Gripen aircraft. The subsequent development firing will be conducted from Eurofighter Typhoon. Using in-service aircraft for development firing trials will maximize the opportunity for the weapon to be brought rapidly into operational service. The missile integration onto Rafale will be run as an equally important parallel activity.”


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