歐洲三代半議事廳
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黃金左腳 於 2002/10/12 01:36 | |
歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
本欄專門收錄歐洲新世代戰機之最新發展消息與評論,歡迎網友們共襄盛舉,謝謝。 |
黃金左腳 於 2002/10/12 01:46 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
JAS-39南非外銷案最新發展動態: (Source: Saab BAE Systems Gripen; issued Oct. 9, 2002) South Africa’s first fully qualified black fighter pilot, Captain Musa “Midnight” Mbhokota, has made history again. In a joint exercise in Sweden with the chief of the South African Air Force, Lt Gen Rolf Beukes, he became the first black pilot to fly the Gripen multi-role supersonic fighter. (新世代戰機價值之所在的明證:用28架JAS-39便足以全面取代南非總計119架的現役幻象三/幻象F1/印度豹戰機。) 南非版JAS-39的改良重點: |
黃金左腳 於 2002/10/12 02:24 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
http://www.vectorsite.net/aveuro.html 介紹EF2000的過去起源、現在動態與未來發展,雖然在技術性能諸元上無多少著墨,但是對EF2000發展的來龍去脈的交代則十分翔實。
The Gripen is fitted with the Tactical Information Datalink System (TIDLS), which gives the fighter four high-bandwidth, two-way datalinks with a range of about 500 kilometers and very high resistance to jamming. The datalinks allow the Gripen to engage in combat using another aircrafts sensors or from targeting data provided by other defense systems. Data acquired from remote sources is fused and displayed on the fighters main MFD. The link is fully operational when the aircraft is on the ground, allowing a pilot on standby to have high situational awareness of the battle environment. One Gripen can provide radar sensing for four of its colleagues, allowing a single fighter to track a target, while the others use the data for a stealthy attack. TIDLS also permits multiple fighters to quickly and accurately lock onto a targets track through triangulation from several radars; or allows one fighter to jam a target while another tracks it; or allows multiple fighters to use different radar frequencies collaboratively to burn through jamming transmissions. |
黃金左腳 於 2002/10/19 11:30 | |
資料整理UPDATE~1 | |
永遠的天下第二:EF-2000颱風 一、 機身尺寸: 二、基本飛行性能諸元: 高空最高時速...........Mach 2.0 @ 11,000m 空戰起飛跑道長度.............300 m 空戰推重比..............1.26/0.84(後燃/最大軍用) 作戰半徑 (with appropriate weapons loads)
最大軍用/後燃推力:6123kg/9185kg(平時) 旁通比.........................0.4 燃油消耗速率 引擎全長.........................4 m
機載雷達:CAPTOR三頻道脈波都卜勒機械掃描式雷達 被動偵搜系統:PIRATE FLIR/IRST紅外線影像型追蹤系統 ================================================================================ 1. 目前620架EF2000的預定服役年代: 2003~2043年 2. 目前預定之交機時間與批次:
a. 由AMSAR計畫所衍生發展而來, 改良自現有CAPTOR PD雷達之AESA化雷達.(這似乎是目前唯一已確定會被採用的改良方案) b. Interoperability增進: Link 22 and Satcom communications c. 燃料酬載的增加:使用適型油箱 + inboard 派龍改良以使用528 USG超大型副油箱 d. 戰場存活率提升:導入地貌追延能力, 先進EW拖曳式誘餌, 雷達截面積縮小與紅外線訊跡減訊 e. EJ-200引擎動力系統改良:使用新型壓縮器, 可使推力提升或維持現有推力但減少life cycle cost, 並延長引擎大修間隔(目前為1600小時) f. 機動力提升:使用2D或3D向量推力, 增添inner-wing leading-edge strakes以增進戰機在高攻角狀態下的穩定性.
a. 根據EF-2000現有構型進行提升強化。 b. 在外型維持不變下,建立修改提升EF-2000內部結構的標準。 c. 修改更動EF-2000的外型結構設計(例如和F-22一般使用內載彈艙,無尾翼化設計等等....)以提升其空對空與空對地作戰性能至極限。 d. 全新戰機的研發。 ================================================================================ 1. 目前EF-2000的量產出廠計畫:今年12架,明年40架,之後不計外銷訂單的話,從2005至2013年間每年交貨52架。
a. 人機界面與座艙航電的設計極為簡便,幾乎不用大腦便可操控愉快。 b. 引擎推力十足,在外掛武器下只用一具引擎也可起飛。 c. 飛機的穿音速加速性能與低空操控性能雖不若F-22猛禽那般無與倫比,但表現亦是令人印象深刻。 d. 瞬間轉彎性能表現不俗,但是對前翼三角機而言本來就是份內之事。 e. 持續轉彎性能則拜高推力與優異的FCS 之賜,表現優異至極。
(預定2014年成軍的EF-2000第三批次型最後一批戰機上有可能使用匿蹤戰機反制科技??真令人期待啊.............話說回來,英國是截至目前唯一確定將使用F-35B多用途匿蹤短場垂直起降戰機和EF-2000第三批次型的國家,想想十五年後發生在英國海空軍間的異種戰機模擬空戰競技,匿蹤V.S反匿蹤,以子之矛攻子之盾式的宿命對決........喔喔喔∼∼!!!我現在猛烈地覺得熱血沸騰∼∼!!!!!)
================================================================================ 在大宣傳家老英的鼓吹宣傳中, EF-2000是目前最為精益求精, 不斷上進, 且有超級電腦模擬證明的最佳資優生..... 1999年: 2001年: 擁有1.5馬赫級超音速巡航的潛力, 和MIG-29系列戰機間的交換比在八比一以上 2002年: ================================================================================ 末代機械掃描雷達:CAPTOR
1991:擊敗改良自APG-65的MSD2000,獲選為EFA的機載雷達配備。 1993:首具測試機型:ECR-90A裝備於改裝BAC-111客機上進行測試,期間發現ECR-90雷達和EFA機鼻罩之間有干擾的問題,最後在重新設計天線後解除問題。 1997:首具戰機測試雷達:ECR-90C被裝置於EF2000 DA5原型機上進行測試,並於測試期間成功追蹤兩個空中目標,隨後DA4原型機也予以安裝,兩原型機遂成為ECR-90發展階段的測試機。 1999:其確定構型於二月間定型,並更名為CAPTOR 2001:三月間於德東進行模擬實戰測試,期間最多對多達二十架的Mig-29與F-4進行同步追蹤與接戰模擬。
1. 第三代多模式脈波都卜勒雷達,由配屬於海獵鷹FA.2垂直起降戰機上的藍雌狐雷達大幅改良而來,X-band,雷達重量193kg,模組化構型,硬體部份由61個Shop Replaceable Items (or SRIs) 和6個 Line Replaceable Units (or LRUs)所構成,易於拆換維修升級;軟體部份則由真時軟體控制雷達系統(written in ADA to MIL-STD 2167A comprises some 500,000 lines of code)。 2.雷達Performance: CAPTOR具有33種操作模式,可依功能屬性分為三大類: a. 可視作戰情況需求,自動選定最適宜的雷達脈衝頻率。 b. 可自動開始TWS模式,同步追蹤掃描數個空中目標(在模擬實戰測試後,目前已可確定其同時追蹤之空中目標的數量至少在20個以上…….) c. Data Adaptive Scanning (DAS):此模式可增進雷達對被選定之目標的追蹤掌握能力,並儘可能的減少機械天線非必要之轉動。 d.尖峰輸出功率據稱是APG-65的兩倍,資料處理速度則據信是RDY雷達(M2000-5戰機用)的兩倍,APG-70(F-15E戰機用)的6~10倍;其對一般戰機大小的空中目標偵測距離介於130~160km間,對大型空中目標的偵測距離則高達320~370km左右;其所能掃描偵測的空域範圍則據信是APG-68(F-16C/D戰機用)的四倍以上。 近距格鬥: 對地作戰: a.Beam mapping b.Spot mapping c.Sea and surface search d.Ground Moving Target Identification (GMTI):對於發現移動中的地面車輛目標極有助益。 e.Surface ranging f.Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode: 如同對空模式,以上各種對地操作模式CAPTOR均能視任務狀況需要自動選定執行,而飛行員亦可透過聲控系統,迅速切換不同模式與鎖定目標。 3. 其他性能/模式: a.Auto-attack function:以自動駕駛的功能將戰機朝雷達追蹤鎖定的空中/地面目標方向前進,以減少飛行員的駕駛工作負荷。 b.Automated weapon selection c.systems range accuracy is within 10 metres while it can obtain a target angle to within 1 miliradian. d.使用low inertia non-counterbalanced天線與四具high torque, high precision samarium-cobalt天線驅動馬達,使CAPTOR有著極高的scanning speeds,使其能近似新一代的機載電子掃描雷達般,近乎同步的執行不同形態的作戰任務。 e.有著全球機載機械掃描雷達中獨一無二的separate (third) data channel,專門用於搜尋敵方的電子反制源並採取適當應變措施,使CAPTOR有著極高的resistance to 敵方ECM and passive countermeasures。 ================================================================================ 國家地理頻道所觀賞到的節目:液壓式抗G衣 1.較不受溫度與氣壓變化而影響抗G衣功能。 2.能立即反應,協助飛行員抵抗瞬間巨幅的G值變化。 3.能使飛行員承受更高的G值。 新一代的戰機,如疾風式,其極限機動過載性能可達11G,至於EF2000颱風式戰機,其最大機動過載性能更可高達12G以上(去年尖端科技月刊更有高達15G一說)﹔為了讓飛行員能徹底發揮這些戰機性能,在未來高機動短程空戰格鬥時爭取最大生機勝算,液壓式抗G衣將成為不可或缺的配備﹔在傳說中最高機動性能可達20~30G,搭配激光武器的無人空優戰機八字尚未有一撇之前,此新型抗G衣或可在國際軍火市場上獨領風騷三四十年。 補充:一些新型戰機的最大機動過載性能 F-16A/C:+9.0G(號稱是世上第一種可進行持續9g過載飛行的現役戰機) Su-37:+10.0G(號稱是世上第一種可進行持續10g過載機動飛行的戰機) F-15E:+10.5G(實戰紀錄,瞬間最大過載) RAFALE:+11.0G(試飛紀錄) EF2000:+12.0G以上(國家地理頻道消息) F-22和EF2000:+10.0~+15.0G(去年尖端月刊消息) JSF(有人機型,合約規範):+9.0G 2030全新設計無人空優戰機:+20.0~+30.0G
本服裝還有另外一個附加優點,就是衣中所含液體其實是可飲用的抗凍水溶液(實際成分乃商業機密),因此即使萬一不幸被擊落且落入敵境或偏遠地區,穿蜻蜓裝的飛行員至少暫時不必為飲水發愁。 |
黃金左腳 於 2002/10/19 11:34 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
美哉!!吾愛菈法兒 作詞:Toga 作曲:黃金左腳 K大調,USO旋律
喔∼∼∼∼∼天仙縹緲的菈法兒,雖然分隔巴黎台北兩地,我倆的心仍永不分離。 優雅光滑的翼胴融合,穠纖合度的前翼設計,妳劃過天際的身影令我心魂俱醉,神秘且夢幻的匿蹤舞者。 領導時代的航電軟體,萬法皆通的縱橫才氣,妳主宰天地的霸氣令我魂牽夢縈,迷人又致命的魅惑女神。 雖然時局險惡,美帝俄棍當道,妳依舊超然絕俗,玉潔冰清不染一絲塵埃; 即令時不我與,洛馬波音橫行,我仍然一本初衷,全心獻上對妳無盡的愛。 ================================================================================ RAFALE 疾風式戰機 一、 機身尺寸: 翼展寬度:10.90m 戰機全長:15.30m 機身全高: 5.34m 機翼面積: 46.0m2 機體空重:十噸級 全備起飛:23000kg(法國本土型,註一)至24500kg(MK2外銷型,註二) 標準空戰:13450kg 內載燃油:5625L(單座型)/5300L(雙座型) 外掛彈量:8000kg(法國本土型,註三)至9500kg(MK2 外銷型)
=============================================================== 二、基本飛行性能諸元: 高空最高時速...........Mach 1.8 空戰起飛跑道長度.......≦400 m 作戰半徑: A. 長程空戰任務:1852km(油箱4具,計6600L燃油,MICA AAM*8) B. 低空穿透打擊:1100km(油箱3具,計4300L燃油,MICA AAM*4,1000Ib炸彈*12) C. MK2外銷型可搭配使用兩具1150L適型油箱(CFT),在攜帶三具總計5700L的副油箱,兩具1150L CFT,兩枚SCALP-EG陸攻巡航飛彈以及兩枚米卡空對空飛彈的構型下,疾風MK2的打擊半徑據估計將可達1830公里左右,再配合上有效射程約400公里的SCALP-EG陸攻巡航飛彈,外銷型疾風MK2將可對距離2200公里範圍內的地面目標發動精確遠攻打擊。
耐G限................-3.6至+9G(正常操作限度)﹔+11G以上(極限操作) 正面雷達截面積....約為幻象兩千的1/10 =============================================================== 三、機載引擎:M88-2渦扇*2 /M88-3渦扇*2 (法國本土型 /MK2 外銷型) 引擎重量:897kg(M88-2);985kg(M88-3) 最大軍用/後燃推力:5100kg/7650kg(M88-2);6123kg/9300kg (M88-3) 引擎推力重量比:8.53比1(M88-2);9.44比1(M88-3) =============================================================== 四、偵搜系統: 機載雷達:RBE-2被動陣列雷達/主動陣列雷達(法國本土型 /MK2 外銷型) 尖峰輸出功率:1kw(被動陣列)/不詳(主動陣列) 空戰任務最大偵測距離: 148km/≧170km 傳統戰機目標偵測距離:≧97km/≧110km 適度匿蹤目標偵測距離:≧65km/≧75km 追蹤同時掃描目標數:40個空中目標/不詳 同步攻擊能力:同時攻擊6至8個目標/不詳
最大偵測距離: |
黃金左腳 於 2002/10/19 11:41 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
史上最強之局地防空戰機: JAS-39 一、 機身尺寸: 翼展寬:8.40m
(拜先進氣動構型設計之賜,JAS-39的drag-force特低,因此雖然JAS-39在引擎動力與空戰推重比性能表現上平平無奇,可是其在實用升限、緊急攔截爬升性能、加速性能、轉彎性能、最大攻角等諸多攸關攔截性能的指標表現上都足以與較其體型大得多的EF-2000A空優戰機分庭亢禮,不愧是史上最強的局地防空戰機。) 高空最高時速:約2.0Mach弱 起飛跑道長:≦500m(防空作戰構型) 最大續航距離:3000km
五、標準武裝: 固定武裝:毛瑟Bk-27 27mm單管機炮*1(砲彈120發) 空戰配備: 反艦配備: 對地攻擊配備: 尚待開發賦予之能力:SEAD防空壓制能力、戰術偵查性能
第三批次型(JAS-39C/D): 尚在考量中的進一步升級計畫: @ 由於預算不足,EJ-200系列引擎+向量推進升級改裝計畫已被放棄。 八、JAS-39A資料鏈系統,CDL39之性能概述: a. 構成套件: b. 有效範圍約300+ miles(500km),可以同時統合四架JAS-39A進行聯合空對空/空對海/空對地作戰任務。 c. 根據FMV說法,和CDL39相較,現役的其他西方世界戰機DATALINK不僅資料傳輸交換速率低得可憐,且無法實現平台間資訊自由傳輸,能處理的資料形式也受限;得等到F-18E/F與EF-2000等先進戰機正式服役之後,歐美各國海空軍方能首次擁有能與瑞典空軍JAS-39相提並論的DATALINK戰力。 d. 瑞典空軍演習發現,靠著使用CDL39,六架JAS-39A便足以捍衛瑞典一半的國土領空,三組CAP則足以徹底監控捍衛整個瑞典東半部海岸線的空防安全。
Batch1: 2. 其電子系統配備為MK1構型,重要內容如下: 3. 目前所有第一批次型JAS-39A/B均已被升級至第二批次MK2構型。
1. 1992年簽約訂購,總數量110架,並於1996/12/19~2003年間陸續交貨;其中單座A型96架(S39131~S39226),雙座B型14架(S39801~S39814),本批次戰機又分成兩個次型:MK2和MK3構型。 2. MK2構型的重要改良內容:
1. 1997年簽約訂購,總數量64架,並預定於2003~2007年間陸續交貨;其中單座C型50架(S39227~S39276),雙座D型14架(S39815~S39828)。 2. 其電子系統配備為MK4構型,重要改進內容如下: 3. 目前瑞典方面只預定把MK3構型的JAS-39A升級至MK4構型,所以到2008年左右,瑞典空軍的JAS-39機隊組成將為: ================================================================================ 1. 速度: 可在中高空以1.8馬赫的持續速度飛行 3. 轉彎角速率: 4. CAREFREE線傳飛控設計, 測試時最大飛行攻角超過一百度 5. 極低的正面RCS, 只有F-18C的1/5, F-16C BLOCK40的1/3, M2000-5的1/2 6. PS-05A雷達有效偵測距離: 略遜於AN/APG-65, 但較RDY遠20%, 較AN/APG-68遠40% 7. 面對MIG-29等級對手時: 8. 精益求精的後勤維修支援可靠性: |
flak 於 2002/10/19 13:21 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
>可自動開始TWS模式 EF-2000不是自動開始TWS,而是永遠都是TWS。這就是機械天線要硬追同時接戰能力的方法 |
黃金左腳 於 2002/11/03 21:30 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
本月號AFM消息,一片愁雲慘霧的歐洲三代半: 1. 奧地利總理宣佈凍結歐洲戰機採購案,留待大選之後的新政府決定其生死存亡﹔俄國米高揚集團則利用這大好時機,向奧地利大力推銷MIG-29的最新版本:MIG-29M1與MIG-29M2。由於俄羅斯積欠奧國不少外債,因此這批戰機將作為老俄償債之用,將不必花奧國半毛錢研發採購。 2. 為了籌措水災後重建經費,捷克政府正式宣佈取消24架JAS-39採購案,改以採購或租借現役二手戰機以玆取代﹔目前捷克國防部正和美德英法瑞典等國洽商中,據信以老美的二手F-16之勝出機率最高。 3. 雖然幾乎已經註定出局的命運,達騷集團仍決定在波蘭未來戰機採購案中奮力一搏,以單價四千萬美金的報價向波蘭推銷幻象兩千五,達騷集團還做出一項驚人的宣稱:“這個報價並非獨厚波蘭,其實賣給希臘,“台灣”,埃及的幻象兩千的價格與老美推銷F-16的報價是一模一樣的,而非某些別有居心份子所聲稱的高出60%........” @#$!&*?............公交會在哪裡?? |
黃金左腳 於 2002/11/11 01:44 | |
新舊颱風差幾何?? | |
老英本國採購的EF-2000颱風單位造價 1. 單機基礎造價6400萬美金 2. 連同研發與後勤維修的整體成本單價:約一億零四百多萬美金 相形之下, 五十多年前老英的初代颱風戰鬥轟炸機,其在當時(1940年代)的成本造價為8200美金,相當於2000年時的21萬美金上下.......... |
黃金左腳 於 2002/11/11 01:55 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
Man servicing hours per flying hour..... 一般第三代戰機:20~60 Man servicing hours per flying hour |
flak 於 2002/11/11 17:02 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
jed對Rafale的專篇文章 http://www.jedonline.com/default.asp?func=articles&year;=2002&month;=11&page;=0211j13&doct;=cover%20story |
升官的黃金左腳 於 2002/11/16 10:37 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
來自“一擊必殺AEON環宇軍武網”的新聞收錄: 宛若電影“火狐狸”的真實版,只是這次的受益者是老俄,倒楣的受害者是瑞典......
因此,專家聲稱,莫斯科方面現在已掌握JAS-39戰鬥機電子設備和在戰鬥中所使用的殺傷武器的“一切”或“幾乎一切”。 |
黃金左腳 於 2002/11/22 02:16 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
霉星,你的名字叫颱風.............. MADRID, Nov 21 (AFP) - 14:35 GMT - A prototype of the long-awaited Eurofighter warplane crashed south of Madrid on Thursday morning, a Spanish government source said. Both pilots ejected before the crash and escaped unharmed, the defence ministry source said. The plane was on a test flight at a height of 15,000 meters (nearly 50,000 feet) when its two engines shut off simultaneously. The pilots, a lieutenant colonel and a major in the Spanish air force, were unable to reignite the engines before ejecting. The plane crashed in the region of Toledo, 70 kilometers (about 40 miles) south of Madrid, and the pilots landed near the town of Ciudad Real. The Eurofighter -- a two-seater, two-engine fighter jet -- is made by a consortium composed of Britains BAE Systems, Germanys Daimler-Benz Aerospace (Dasa), Italys Alenia and the Spanish group Casa |
SK2 於 2002/11/23 00:08 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
Eurofighter crash will hurt development programme By Craig Hoyle, JDW Aviation Editor, London The four-nation programme to develop and field the Eurofighter strike aircraft suffered a significant setback today (21 November) when one of seven development aircraft (DA) supporting the effort was lost during an accident in Spain. The incident represents the first Eurofighter loss in the design’s eight-plus years of flight-trial activities conducted to date. The two-seat DA6 platform crashed near the central Spanish town of Toledo after taking off from Spanish airframe manufacturer EADS-CASA’s Getafe facility near Madrid for a test flight. The aircraft’s two crewmembers – the company’s chief Eurofighter test pilot and a Spanish Air Force pilot – ejected safely. Eurofighter consortium spokesman Ian Bustin told Jane’s Defence Weekly that the cause of the accident would hopefully be determined within 24 hours of the crash, since vital flight-performance information was being passed to the Getafe facility via datalink during the ill-fated sortie. Early press reports, which quoted a Spanish Ministry of Defence official as saying the aircraft had suffered a double-engine failure at high altitude, were “speculative”, he added. The six remaining Eurofighter development aircraft and the programme’s first three instrumented production aircraft – one each for Germany, Italy and the UK – were not scheduled to fly on 21 November, said Bustin. These will be grounded until the initial findings of the accident have been declared, with a fleet-wide grounding order likely if the Spanish crash is not considered to be a ‘one-off’ incident. While the Eurofighter organisation says it had a contingency plan in place to cover the loss of a DA-series aircraft, a grounding order could well threaten its chances of delivering the programme’s first production aircraft before year-end. http://www.janes.com/defence/air_forces/news/jdw/jdw021121_1_n.shtml |
BWS-代轉碼 於 2002/11/23 13:41 | |
Re:sk2 | |
Eurofighter 失敗損害發展方案將由Craig Hoyle, JDW 航空編輯, 倫敦 四國家程式發展和調遣Eurofighter 罷工航空器今天遭受了重大回置(11月21 日) 當七個發展航空器(DA 的當中一個) 支持工作成績丟失了在一次事故期間在西班牙。事件代表第一Eurofighter 損失在design..s 八加上幾年飛行試算活動迄今被舉辦。 二位子DA6 平臺失敗了在Toledo 附近中央西班牙城鎮在離開從西班牙飛機機架製造商EADS-CASA..s Getafe 設備以後在馬德里附近為試驗飛行。aircraft..s 二crewmembers .V company..s 首要Eurofighter 試飛員和西班牙空軍飛行員.V 安全地□出了。 Eurofighter 財團發言人伊恩·Bustin 告訴了Jane..s 防禦每週, 事故的原因有希望地會是堅定的在失敗的24 時數之內, 因為重要飛行性能資訊通過對Getafe 設備通過datalink 在惡運的出□期間。早期的新聞報道, 引述了西班牙國防部官員因為說航空器遭受了雙重引擎故障在高處, 是..speculative.., 他添加了。 六個殘餘的Eurofighter 發展航空器和programme..s 第一三個被導航的生產航空器.V 一個每為德國、義大利和英國.V 未預定飛行在11月21 日, 說Bustin 。這些可能將被接地直到事故的首字母研究結果被宣稱, 以一個艦隊寬地面命令如果西班牙失敗不認為是..one-off.. 事件。 當Eurofighter 組織認為它到位有一個後備計劃承擔DA 系列航空器的損失, 一個地面命令能湧出威脅其首先傳送programme..s 生產航空器的機會在年底之前。 無聊~~轉碼試試看.....多造福一點英文跟小弟一樣破的讀者 |
黃金左腳 於 2002/11/25 21:15 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
霉到最高點,歐洲三代半............ Germany looking to cut Eurofighter order BERLIN, Nov 25 (AFP) - 12:27 GMT - Germany could reduce its order of Eurofighter airforce jets, members of a parliamentary defence commission said in interviews with Mondays Financial Times Deutschland newspaper. Germany ordered 73 of the Airbus transporters, the largest order placed, and the project hinges on Berlins continued participation. But speculation is rife that it will cut its order to 60 planes. The total number of Eurofighters -- particularly just fighter aircraft -- is no longer justifiable, said Arnolds colleague from the Green party, Winfried Nachtwei. The Eurofighter -- a two-seater, two-engine fighter jet -- is being made by a consortium composed of Britains BAE Systems, Germanys Daimler-Benz Aerospace (Dasa), Italys Alenia and the Spanish group Casa. Germany ordered 180 Eurofighters out of a total of 620 in the mid-1990s. Britain, Italy and Spain placed the other orders. The government is trying to cut spending to reduce its public deficit, and the defence budget has been targeted as the economic gloom continues. |
黃金左腳 於 2002/12/03 01:27 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
有關歐洲戰機作戰資訊整合的概括描述: (http://www.eurofighter.starstreak.net/Eurofighter/sensors.html) Traditionally each sensor in an aircraft has been treated as a discrete source of information. However this can result in conflicting data and hence an increased pilot workload. Additionally it limits the ability to effectively automate systems. To overcome this the Typhoon employs what is now known as sensor fusion techniques (in a similar fashion to the U.S. F-22 Raptor). Considering that the Typhoons avionics systems are still based on a typical distributed, or federated system (i.e. individual components linked via a standard databus) rather than a centralised architecture (which the F-22 has gone some way towards implementing) this seems like quite an achievement. In the Eurofighter this fusion of all data sources is achieved through the Attack and Identification System, or AIS. The AIS combines all data from the major on-board sensors along with any information obtained from off-board platforms such as AWACS, ASTOR, JSTARS or even other Eurofighters via the Multi-function Information Distribution System, or MIDS link. Additionally the AIS integrates all the other major offensive and defensive systems such as the; DASS, Navigation, ACS and Communications. The physical design of the AIS comprises of essentially two separate units; the Avionic Computer (AC) and Navigation Computer (NC). These are linked via the STANAG-3910 databus to the other major systems such as the ACS, ECR-90/CAPTOR, PIRATE, etc. Both the NC and AC are identical in design and comprise a modular system based on Motorola 68020 CPUs with 68882 Maths co-processors. In addition several custom RISC based processors are utilised to accelerate floating point and matrix operations. By having such a single source of information pilot workload should be reduced by removing the possibility of conflicting data and the need for cross-checking, improving situational awareness and increasing systems automation. In practice the AIS should allow the Eurofighter to identify targets at distances in excess of 150 nm and acquire and auto-prioritise them at over 100nm. In addition the AIS offers the ability to automatically control emissions from the aircraft, so called EMCON (from EMissions CONtrol). This should aid in limiting the detectability of the Typhoon by opposing aircraft further reducing pilot workload. (由此可看出先進資料鏈網路作戰+資訊融合科技對空優作戰的助益之大:歐洲戰機因此甚至可以在維持雷達靜默的狀態下,在距離敵機280公里外便能初步辨識敵機身分,而在185公里以外處即可執行目標捕捉與攻擊優先順序之排定,足可充份利用衝壓推進AAM所帶來的長程優勢.) |
黃金左腳 於 2002/12/03 01:55 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
歐洲戰機(可能)的標準BVR空戰模式 1. 初步偵測識別敵機: 2. 目標捕捉與攻擊優先順序之排定 3. 戰機加速至1.8Mach級,距敵機30~40公里(AIM-120)或60~80公里(流星)處發射主動雷達導引中長程AAM. 4, 以最高可達35度/秒的超高瞬間轉彎角速率與最高據說可達12~15G的機動力儘可能迅速脫離敵機的飛彈獵殺區. |
黃金左腳 於 2002/12/05 23:13 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
原本是要貼到尖端軍武版,本人所屬欄位(永遠的天下第二,歐洲颱風)的回應篇,結果尖端軍武版不知道在打啥擺子,一連三天讓在下不得其門而入,沒奈何只有暫放於此,看看有無能自由進出尖端軍武版的志士仁人能予以協助.......... 自從在下被全防會總舵主贊揚,升格為TOGA堂分舵主以來,所得到的直接獎勵便是:時靈時不靈的密碼,越來越慢的畫面轉換速度,如今連想自家分堂都不得其門而入,實在令人哭笑不得. 1、2點你所提到的資料鏈方式是否僅是簡單的可顯示距離? A: 不能確定,不過所謂的資料鏈網路作戰+資訊整合系統方式等於是將來自遠方的友機,空中/地面預警機,地面防空雷達網與水面防空指揮艦等各路人馬所發現的敵情資料收集整合後所得到的本機周圍空地戰情圖,因此資料的詳細完整程度恐怕是要視情況而定的............ 12-15G的大過載機動似乎對於擁有超機動能力的戰機而言沒有必要呀? A:歐洲戰機最為注重的機動領域是超音速瞬間迴轉閃避機動性,而在此一領域裡,戰機速度/轉彎角速率/轉彎半徑都和過載息息相關,過載承受能力越強(且駕駛員能承受的話),飛機便能以更高的速度,更快的轉彎率與更小的轉彎半徑進行動能與機敏性兼顧的高速機動,讓對手AAM與SAM的有效獵殺區域大減
A: |
貝璐的家畜RYAN 於 2002/12/05 23:19 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
↑toga大: DTM論壇修正路徑 請由dtm首頁進入並更新 |
黃金左腳 於 2002/12/05 23:28 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
不是那個問題,而是進到軍武討論區的首頁之後,想要進入之下任一分欄時,都好像被黃金體驗命中般..........畫面開啟一部份後便僵在那裡不動 |
黃金左腳 於 2002/12/10 20:42 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
MAKO計畫動力來源定案,勝出者:老美22,000磅級F-414M渦扇發動機 (歐洲自家人產品EJ200系列居然敗陣.......真是估不到....................) (Source : EADS ; issued Dec. 9, 2002) MUNICH, Germany & EVENDALE, Ohio --- EADS, one of the worlds leading aerospace and defense companies, Monday confirmed that its military aircraft division has signed a teaming agreement for the definition phase of the Mako advanced trainer and light combat aircraft with General Electrics Aircraft Engine division. |
黃金左腳 於 2002/12/19 23:02 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
歷經千百波折之後,龜毛的老德總算點頭OK了,目前衝壓流星時代到來的最新預定時刻表:2011年;挑戰目標:攔截宰殺百公里外的高機動戰機. (Source: German Ministry of Defence; issued Dec. 18, 2002) On 18 December 2002 budget committee and defence committee of the German Bundestag decided the participation of Germany in the European development of the Meteor air-to-air guided missile, in co-operation with Great Britain, France, Sweden, Spain and Italy. |
黃金左腳 於 2002/12/26 22:31 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
一擊必殺AEON環宇軍武網 德國參與歐洲流星(Meteor)未來中程空對空導彈的研製 [法國《航宇防務》2002年12月19日報導] 2002年12月18日,德國聯邦議會預算委員會與國防委員會決定與英國、法國、瑞典、西班牙和義大利合作,參加歐洲流星(Meteor)未來中程空對空制導導彈的研製。 |
黃金左腳 於 2002/12/28 00:51 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
繼德國之後,英國也宣佈投資12億英鎊於流星AAM的研發量產上........ RAFs Typhoon to Get Worlds Best Air To Air Missile (Source: UK Ministry of Defence; issued Dec. 23, 2002) The Ministry of Defence today awarded a £1.2 billion contract for the development and production of a revolutionary air defence missile which will equip Typhoon fighters flown by the RAF and other nations. |
黃金左腳 於 2002/12/28 00:59 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
唉................. Poland chooses US F-16 for fighter jet contract: official WARSAW, Dec 27 (AFP) - 11:43 GMT - Poland has chosen US-made F-16 fighter planes to replace its Soviet-built Mig fleet, Defence Minister Jerzy Szmajdzinski said on Friday. and Frances Dassault Aviation which offered its Mirage 2000-5 for the contract. This is a crucial moment for the Polish army and an important moment for the Polish economy, Szmajdzinski said just before annoucing the winner of the order for 48 planes. The purchase is needed to bring ex-communist Poland up to the standards of the NATO military alliance which it joined in 1999. This decision is in the frawework of the restructurung of the Polish armed forces... After a period of sacrifices, the Polish army is entering into a period of modernisation, he said. He described the choice as the best one for national security and the Polish economy. To have a modern plane constitutes for Poland one of the most urgent necessities for defence of the Polish skies and our commitments as aally, he said. Late on Thursday Dassault Aviation of France leaked the winner of the 3.5-billion-euro (3.63-billion-dollar) contract, saying the decision had been a political one. The political element was the dominating element, much more than the quality of the material and the price, Dassault chief Charles Edelstenne told Radio France Info. The Poles are greatly tempted by NATO, perhaps more than by Europe... I felt for a very long time that they very much favoured rapprochement with the Americans. So its not a surprise, nor is it a disappointment. Poland has been a member of NATO since 1999 and is scheduled to join the European Union in 2004.
WARSAW, Dec 27 (AFP) - 15:08 GMT - Poland on Friday went American choosing a F-16 fighter plane made by US aerospace giant Lockheed Martin over European rivals in a fiercely fought tender to upgrade its fleet to NATO standards. Lockheed Martin knocked British-Swedish consortium BAE Systems-SAAB with its Jas-39 Gripen and Frances Dassault Aviation with its Mirage 2000-5 out of the race, to win the almost 3.5-billion-dollars (euros) contract for 48 planes. This is a crucial moment for the Polish army and an important moment for the Polish economy, Szmajdzinski said. Ex-communist Poland needs the planes in order to replace its obsolete Soviet-built MiG-21 and MiG-29 jets and bring its military up to the standards of NATO, which it joined in 1999. After a period of sacrifices, the Polish army is entering into a period of modernisation, Szmajdzinski said, describing the choice as the best one for national security and the Polish economy. To have a modern plane constitutes (for Poland) one of the most urgent necessities, he said. He said Lockheed Martin had also thrown in a lot of weapons, electronic guidance and navigation systems among other things. In order to net the contract Lockheed Martin also proposed an investment package of 9.8 billion dollars, deputy defence Minister Janusz Zemke said. Under Polish law the bidders must help Poland pay for the planes by a package of investments worth at least the value of the contract. Half of that investment must go to the defence industry. However, in their bitterness, competitors complained the decision had been taken on political rather than technical and economic grounds. Ahead of the long-awaited decision analysts had pointed to a conflict of interest for Warsaw, as it weighed its loyalties to the United States, and to the European Union, which it is expected to join on May 1, 2004. Late on Thursday Dassault Aviation of France leaked the winner of the contract, saying the decision had been a political one. The political element was the dominating element, much more than the quality of the material and the price, Dassault chief Charles Edelstenne told Radio France Info. The Poles are greatly tempted by NATO, perhaps more than by Europe... I felt for a very long time that they very much favoured rapprochement with the Americans. So its not a surprise, nor is it a disappointment. Owe Wagermark, spokesman for the Swedish arm of BAE Systems-SAAB said in Stockholm that the company was perhaps more surprised than disappointed. It is obvious that instead of selecting the best technical solution, Poland made a political decision. (Polands) ties with the United States were more important than the choice of plane, he said. US officials, from President George W. Bush downwards, had made it clear to Warsaw that it was expected to buy American if it wanted to be taken seriously within the 19-member transatlantic military alliance. However, responding indirectly to the criticisms, the Polish defence minister denied the choice had been political. Thats why there was a tender, so that sound arguments and not politics held sway, he said. A week before the fighter jet announcement Poland chose Finnish company Patria Vehicles Oy for a 1.2-billion-euro (dollar) contract to supply it with armoured transport vehicles, in another of its billion-dollar efforts to come up to NATO standards. The Finnish company beat out two other international consortiums, Austrias Steyer and Switzerlands Mowag. Talks on the fighter jet contract are set to start on January 13, and signature is expected in March. |
VOR 於 2002/12/29 13:57 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
雖然政治原因影響了波蘭的決定,F-16也不差。 Mirage 2000-5 太貴,不適合波蘭。 Gripen 的價格及能力 美國同意出售AIM-9M、未來賣AIM-9X。中程武器自然是AIM-120C-5。 |
flak 於 2002/12/30 18:59 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
>雖然政治原因影響了波蘭的決定,F-16也不差。 波蘭買的是有機背油箱的的Block 50+。 未來可以多掛點炸彈,多加點班,維護波蘭空軍總是參與聯軍,跟大夥兒一起扁人的優良傳統。 |
黃金左腳 於 2002/12/30 21:34 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
有關歐洲戰機先進材料應用與成果方面 1. Eurofighter benefits from advances over the past twenty years in the fields of metallurgy, polymer science and composites. Over 80% of the airframe is comprised of modern materials. This brings advantages not only in terms of the strength to weight ratio but also has implications for stealth. For example a far smoother surface finish can be obtained compared to metal structures which in turn can be a significant factor in reducing the radar cross section of an aircraft. 2. Most of the aircraft shell, >70% is comprised of Carbon Fibre Composite (CFC), namely; the outer fuselage, wings (including in-board flaperons) and rudder. Additionally a significant proportion of the structural members are also constructed from CFC. 3. Overall only 15% of the Eurofighter shell is metal while 40% of the structural weight comprises CFC 4. In tandem with the unaerodynamic design, these strong but lightweight materials mean that the weight and size of the airframe and engine are 10 - 20% smaller and 30% lighter, than they would otherwise have been. This not only means that the aircraft has a reduced radar signature but is also more stealthy.
At FOC (2005) Eurofighter Typhoon will retain the following growth potential: Volume for Avionic equipment:10% Engine Thrust:15% Electrical Power:25% Environmental Control System:25% Databus load:100% Computer memory:100% Avionic Growth:100% |
黃金左腳 於 2003/01/03 21:50 | |
Re:歐洲三代半議事廳 | |
流星飛彈開發計畫正式上路........... MBDA Signs Meteor Missile Contract (Source: MBDA; issued Jan. 2, 2003) The £1.2 billion (_1.86 billion) fixed price prime contract awarded to MBDA for the new Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air weapon was signed today at the Defence Procurement Agency in Abbey Wood, Bristol by the DPA on behalf of the Governments of France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK. |
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