AH-64D長弓阿帕契攻擊直昇機專欄【路克補貼】

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YUIO  於 2002/06/19 00:28
AH-64D長弓阿帕契攻擊直昇機專欄【路克補貼】

YUIO  於 2001/11/09 15:46
AH-64D長弓阿帕契攻擊直昇機專欄

阿帕契攻擊直昇機(APACHE)發展:
原型機HHUGHES MODEL 77參加美國陸軍先進直昇機(AAH)的角逐,兩架改良型的YAH-64分別在1975年九月三時日以及十一月二十二日完成首航,在1976年正式被美國陸軍選定為下一代的攻擊直昇機並命名為:APACHE(阿帕契)。阿帕契直昇機於1984年正式服役,到1994年為止一共有811架阿帕契攻擊直昇機入伍服役,在第六騎兵團與第三騎兵營開始運作,至1992年十二月止已經有二十九個大隊完成戰備,總共預計成立四十個大隊,包括七個國家護衛隊以及兩支預備隊。阿帕契的首次戰鬥任務是在1989年對巴拿馬的正義入侵行動,此後在1991年的波斯灣戰爭中,一共有288架阿帕契攻擊直昇機投入戰鬥,戰果輝煌!此外阿帕契攻擊直昇機並於1987年進行了為期十一個月的刺針飛彈整合計劃,兩個短翼總計可攜帶四枚次針飛彈,在1989年一共試射了五次..........續待


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YUIO  於 2001/11/10 16:38
Re:AH-64D長弓阿帕契攻擊直昇機專欄

阿帕契攻擊直昇機的型號:
AH-64A:為量產型,供美國陸軍以及外銷之用,預計將全部升級為AH-64D,最後使用年限為2010年,A型機並在1993年進行改裝,加裝SINCGARS安全無線電以及GPS(全球定位系統)
AH-64B:本計劃於1992年取消,預計更新254架AH-64A的配備,包括:GPS.SINCGARS無線電.增加目標接手能力.更佳的導航系統以及新型旋翼
AH-64C:除了省略長弓雷達以及保留701型發動機外,和AH-64D並無太大區別,本計劃於1993年被放棄,所有的阿帕契攻擊直昇機皆成為AH-64D(包括未裝置長弓雷達者)
AH-64D:改良項目包含:旋翼直桿頂端裝置長弓毫米波雷達.含雷達尋標器之地獄火飛彈.更強力的T-700-GE-701C發動機.都卜勒導航系統.1553B資料匯流排.兩顆1750A處理器.以及供航電測試用的蒸氣循環冷卻系統。
AH-64D於1990年十二月開始發展,六架原型機歷經了3300個小時的測試後,首架AH-64D正式在1997年開始生產,首批一共生產了24架。而儘管目前只有277架AH-64擁有長弓雷達,但是所有的AH-64攻擊直昇機型號均稱為AH-64D。目前AH-64D一共裝備在26個阿帕契大隊,每個大隊一共有九架AH-64D裝有長弓雷達,另外十五架則否,但是如有必要,則可隨時加裝長弓雷達,此外美國陸軍已在2000年通過計劃,預計未來將在每一架AH-64D上加裝長弓毫米波雷達。此外AH-64D的後續修正改良計劃還包括:加裝更大型顯示器之駕駛艙.星紋空對空飛彈(英國皇家陸軍專用).數位自動穩定器.整合GPS/INS/都卜勒/空中資料/雷達高度計/雷射導航系統.數位通訊.高速目標接手系統以及改良之錯誤偵測器且具備資料傳輸以及紀錄的功能


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Skywalker-Luke  於 2002/02/18 10:40
Re:AH-64D長弓阿帕契攻擊直昇機專欄

http://udnnews.com/NEWS/FOCUSNEWS/POLITICS/705057.shtml
推銷軍機 波音首度在台設辦公室
記者丁萬鳴/台北報導

為了向我國推銷AH—六十四D阿帕契攻擊直升機,從未在台灣設立常駐機構的美國波音飛機公司,日前在台北秘密成立波音工業合作及技術服務辦公室,就近提供對台軍售服務,並計畫在台成立直升機零組件生產基地。

波音工業合作及技術服務辦公室去年底悄悄進駐台北,主要任務是向我國推銷該公司生產的AH—六十四D阿帕契攻擊直升機。為了爭取我國政府支持,波音並計畫引進該公司的IP(INDUSTRY PARTERNERSHIP)系統,在台灣建立直升機零組件生產線。

據了解,陸軍正計畫增購攻擊直升機,比照美國陸軍第三航空兵團成立航空兵團,包括貝爾AH—一Z和波音AH—六十四D都在爭取這項採購。相關人士透露,波音從未在台成立常駐機構,這次在台成立工合及技術服務辦公室,顯示波音對這項採購勢在必得。

波音曾出售我國魚叉反艦飛彈和復仇者防空飛彈,但對台主要業務是商用飛機。雖然國內的民航機大部分由波音生產,但波音商用飛機部門近年把業務重心放在中國大陸,為了怕得罪中共,始終未在台灣設立常設機構;對台業務大多由波音駐日本或新加坡的機構。或由台灣的代理商出面接洽。

即使波音向台灣全力推銷AH—六十四D,但為避免激怒中共,影響波音拓展大陸巿場,波音在台設立工合和技術服務中心的舉動相當低調。波音相關技術人員正就台灣航太產業技術能力進行評鑑。

目前台灣航太業和波音最大的合作計畫是和漢翔合製波音七一七客機,台灣有二十多家航太廠商承製七一七和其他波音商用飛機零組件。波音除了向台灣推銷軍售AH—六十四D外,還向韓國、日本推銷該型攻擊直升機;一旦陸軍向波音下單,估計會有一百五十架以上AH—六十四D的零組件會在台灣生產,部分AH—六十四D也可能在國內組裝。

【2002/02/18 聯合報】


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Skywalker-Luke  於 2002/05/03 23:03
Re:AH-64D長弓阿帕契攻擊直昇機專欄

我國AH-64D型直升機採購案向前邁進一步
據2002年4月30日出版的國際飛行週刊(Flight International)報導,在我國持續提出AH-64D型長弓阿帕契式(Longbow Apache)攻擊直升機的採購需求之後,美國政府最近終於正式同意,波音公司提供我國該型直升機的報價及相關採購資訊,這也使得我國陸軍採購AH-64D型的可能性大增。而根據目前所獲得的資訊顯示,我國陸軍未來可能採購高達75架的AH-64D型攻擊直升機,不過第一批訂單應該在30架左右,同時這項採購案也會搭配購買AGM-65型小牛空對地及AGM-114型地獄火反裝甲飛彈。

資料來源:DTM軍事電子報 2002.05.03 第111期


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老衲  於 2002/05/04 10:30
Re:AH-64D長弓阿帕契攻擊直昇機專欄

如果非買AH-64D型直升機俺看就專屬配備給海軍陸戰隊使用,不要予現陸軍空騎旅使用的眼鏡蛇攻擊直升機與阿帕奇戰蒐直升機混合使用,這一來保養、維護分開,AH-64D型直升機具強大的攻擊火力,可給陸戰隊作先鋒與後衛,數量夠用即可,免浪費僧多粥少的軍備預算!


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YORK  於 2002/05/04 12:03
Re:AH-64D長弓阿帕契攻擊直昇機專欄

個人倒是與老衲師父看法相左
1.AH-1W & 部份OH-58D撥給海陸擔任海陸步兵密接支援,與攜帶AGM-65型小牛空對地及AGM-114型地獄火反裝甲飛彈可執行部份反艦艇任務
AH-64D應撥交陸軍空騎旅使用搭配裝甲,裝步,砲兵擔任灘頭阻絕任務
2.AH-1W設計時就考量艦載,兩棲作戰故機身有防鹽防潮濕考量
AH-64設計時是考量在歐陸平原阻擋數量龐大的蘇聯裝甲矛頭,以反裝甲為任務考量
與同時代戰場直昇機相比反裝甲飛彈攜帶量(AGM-114 *16)是最大的,但選擇攜帶武器上就不似AH-1W有彈性
(AH-64只能掛地獄火反裝甲飛彈,AH-1W可以掛地獄火反裝甲飛彈,TOW式,小牛


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YORK  於 2002/05/04 12:06
Re:AH-64D長弓阿帕契攻擊直昇機專欄

補充
3.AH-64機身無防鹽防潮濕措施宜留在陸地上操作


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老衲  於 2002/05/04 12:28
Re:AH-64D長弓阿帕契攻擊直昇機專欄

只要中華民國海軍陸戰隊與陸軍的空騎旅不要把AH-1W & 部份OH-58D和AH-64D混亂使用,如果陸軍的空騎旅在台中新社中興嶺現役的AH-1W & 部份OH-58D全數改為AH-64D,而陸戰隊全部改使用AH-1W & OH-58D,對兩軍種直昇機維修、保養有所助益,三者戰鬥直昇機火力各有千秋,旗鼓相當,老衲倒無意見!


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unnamed  於 2002/05/04 13:39
Re:AH-64D長弓阿帕契攻擊直昇機專欄

搭配購買AGM-65型小牛空對地 (B?)
AH-64D型長弓阿帕契能掛????

AGM-122 Sidearm 在哪???


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YORK  於 2002/05/04 16:10
Re:AH-64D長弓阿帕契攻擊直昇機專欄

>>搭配購買AGM-65型小牛空對地 (B?)
AH-64D型長弓阿帕契能掛????
沒人告訴你 AH-64D可以攜帶AGM-65
搭配購買不表示一定給AH-64D使用
搞不好是AH-1W用的


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flak  於 2002/05/04 16:49
Re:AH-64D長弓阿帕契攻擊直昇機專欄

英國引進阿帕契直昇機後,已經進行了全面的三軍聯合作戰體系的整合,以將有限的兵力作最大的利用。
未來不列顛帝國要宣揚國威,第一支遠征部隊很可能是規劃中的兩棲遠征部隊。這支部隊不但將擁有從航艦起飛的海空軍聯合操作獵鷹GR9,還有陸軍的第16空中機動旅的阿帕契從新服役的大型兩棲突擊艦上起飛提供支援。甚至荷蘭的阿帕契都在規劃之列,可以混編到兩棲部隊中,成為兵力薄弱的海軍陸戰隊的重要空中支援火力,進行三棲兵力投射。


NO:166_1
flak  於 2002/06/19 16:11
Re:AH-64D長弓阿帕契攻擊直昇機專欄【路克補貼】

Apache Helos Strike Deep On California Land Range

(Source : US Navy Air Systems Command; issued June 17, 2002)

They attacked after dark, a dozen AH-64 Apaches coming in from the south. Flying with their lights off, the helicopters were invisible in the moonless night. To avoid radar detection, they came in fast and low - “nap of the earth” - less than 100 feet above the desert scrub, weaving through the shallow valleys and slipping over ridges, the pilots navigating by the green displays of their forward-looking infrared sensors.

The first hint of trouble came when the lead Apache detected the signal of an SA-8 surface-to-air missile system. The pilot took evasive action. Soon other helicopters were encountering threat radars. The aircrews began to put countermeasures into play. Things were heating up, and the attackers were still more than 60 miles from their target.

This was the beginning of a recent exercise on the Land and Electronic Combat Ranges in California by the Army’s XVIII Airborne Corps and the 229th Aviation Group. Staged from the Naval Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, the mission was the first extended-range deep attack ever conducted in the U.S. Deep attack refers to operations in which helicopters attack far behind enemy lines. The purpose is to influence the “close fight” - the front line battle between troops and armor.

Ranging as deep as 200 kilometers behind the front, the deep attack force targets enemy assets en route to the close fight or operating in support of the front-line troops. The deep attack weapon of choice is the Apache helicopter. Designed exclusively for attack, it carries only a pilot and a copilot/gunner. It has a straight forward mission “We’re going in there with the attack helicopters to destroy everything we can and then get out,” says LTCOL Tony Crutchfield, NTC’s Senior Aviation Trainer.

For long-range attack of point targets, the Apache carries up to 16 Hellfire missiles. Each is capable of destroying any tank or armored vehicle in the world at ranges up to 5 miles. The Apache’s mid-range area-denial weapon is the 2.75-inch rocket (originally developed at China Lake in the 1940s). For close-in work, out to about 3,000 meters, a lethal 30-mm chain gun fires more than 10 rounds per second.

In the days prior to the deep attack, flatbed trucks from Fort Irwin hauled 150 vehicle hulks into Etcheron Valley on the Land Range. NTC military personnel worked with China Lake civilians to put the targets in place at Coles Flat and Darwin Wash. The hulks were arrayed to simulate an enemy convoy of long-range artillery pieces and support vehicles. Then specialists from NTC rigged the targets with laser and radio receivers as well as flash units and smoke dispensers. The target preparation work was done under the direction of MAJ Steve Baird, Chief of NTC’s Live Fire Division.

Each Apache was equipped with a Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES), a device that is integrated with the helicopter’s weapons suite. The MILES fires eye-safe laser pulses that are received by the sensors on the targets.

“It’s like laser tag,” said Baird. “If all the conditions for a missile shot are right when the fire command is given, the laser will activate the mechanisms on the target, and that sets off the smoke and flashing lights to indicate a kill.”

The deep-attack mission consisted of two raids on successive nights. In the first attack, at Coles Flat, the Apaches flew directly to their target (nearly 80 miles from the takeoff point), attacked a convoy target, and returned successfully to base. On the second raid, the 229th group set up a forward arming and refueling point-a FARP-at the Electronic Combat Range. A force of 15 Apache helicopters attacked the Darwin Wash convoy but did not completely defeat their target. The Apaches returned to the FARP, took on fuel from two “Fat Cows”(CH-47 fuel carriers), picked up more ammunition, and then flew north to reattack their targets.

During both raids the Apaches ran up against threat systems-real and simulated.

The threat warning signals that the inbound Apaches had detected were genuine-the product of air-defense-system emitters on the ECR. Additional live threat emitters were set up at the Coles Flat and Darwin Wash target sites. “The attacking helicopters receive a signal from a live threat radar system and have to determine the best way to respond,” said Crutchfield. “But other threats are simulated. They aren’t physically on the ground, but they are marked on maps and covered in the pre-mission briefing. It’s the aircrew’s responsibility to respond to these threats as well. Do they stop? Do they engage? Do they go around? Do they just keep flying?”

Determining how well the aircrews responded was the responsibility of the Eagle Team, a 50-person observer/controller unit led by Crutchfield. “We are the guys who control the battlefield and the battlefield effects,” said Crutchfield. “We can make it as hard or as easy as we want.” The Eagle Team worked from the Operations Building at the ECR and also roamed the battlefield in UH-60 and OH-58 helicopters. Every Apache in the exercise was fitted with a tracking device, so the Team could see precisely where the players were in real time and maintain the big picture. This was both to ensure safety-a primary role of the Eagle Team-and to keep a critical eye on the actions of the attackers.

If a pilot or gunner’s response was inadequate-missing a target, flying too high, not responding quickly enough-the Eagle Team could electronically “kill” that aircraft for the remainder of the exercise. “We used that capability to make certain points,” said Crutchfield.

There is a certain danger in flying a helicopter fast and low at night through unfamiliar territory with all the lights out. It is, however, a necessary risk. “Stealth is our best method of survival,” says Crutchfield. An Apache pilot himself and a combat veteran of Desert Storm, Crutchfield recalls a captured Iraqi soldier talking about Apache night attacks. “He said ‘We could never see you. We could barely hear you. You were attacking us from 3 or 4 miles away, at night. All of a sudden a tank blows up.’”

In addition to the experience gained during the exercise, the aircrews benefit from the After Action Review. “The AAR is the most important part of the operation,” said Crutchfield. “We get everyone in a room and go through the whole battle. We play back communications and analyze the detailed information from the tracking systems. We tell them what they did good, and what they did bad,” Crutchfield continued. “If there were any problems-and there are always problems-we get them to figure out what happened, why it happened, and then apply fixes.”

Conducting a major military exercise safely and effectively requires a lot of people, planning, and preparation. When two services and two ranges are involved, it also calls for a high degree of cooperation. Among the NAVAIR Weapons Division contributions to the success of the deep attack exercise were radar operations, air control, microwave links, IR camera and GPS support, communications, computing, recording, crash-crews, and range support.

“These people were wonderful to work with,” said Baird. He singled out test managers Laura Albert and Debbie Vallelunga for special praise, and also noted the excellent support provided by Butch Burfeindt and his crew from the Etcheron Valley Range, noting “they made my life so much easier!”

In the upcoming months, the Airborne Corps will be back at the Land Range to conduct a similar deep-attack mission in connection with Millennium Challenge 2002. Once again, the Apache crews will feel the adrenaline rush that comes with a night attack against an armed threat. And once again, they will discipline themselves to react as they have been trained, fly to their targets, and destroy them.

“The bottom line is that it works,” says Crutchfield. “The units keep getting better.”


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