http://www.simhq.com/_air/air_006a.html
（SAM閃避）

http://www.simhq.com/_air/air_007a.html
（SA）

阿人家我就是喜歡直昇機阿........

又可以超低空...又可以鑽橋..還可以打戰車
遇到敵人直升機也是空戰阿

一樣有機槍/炮 一樣有對空飛彈 甚至還可以拿反戰車飛彈或火箭打直昇機(直昇機飛的慢嘛)
空軍一樣會扁直昇機阿.....要怎樣躲呢?躲到房屋後面等敵機飛過以後打屁屁?還是?
這也是空戰阿.........

就是因為番來番去好像就這裡附近爾以阿

沒有別的了

想找點歐洲技巧或俄國技巧都找不到呢.......>_<

有關現代空戰的一些基本概念與John Boyd的能量機動性”(energy-maneuverability)概念簡介

單位重量剩餘功率（SEP）：

60年代後期, John Boyd和Tom Christie提出“能量機動性”(energy-maneuverability)概念。他們提出一個關鍵參數：”單位重力剩餘功率(SEP)”。

計算公式：
1. （戰機推力 - 飛行阻力）* 對應速度 = 剩餘功率
2. 剩餘功率/戰機重量 = 單位重量剩餘功率

根據飛行力學，戰機直線加速度和爬升率都直接和SEP成正比。其他性能參数如持續迴轉性能、升限等也都和SEP有關。唯有瞬間迴轉性能只和最大可用升力系數及翼負荷有關，而與其無觀。

所以根據不同高度和馬赫數條件下戰機的SEP即可畫出戰機在飛行包絡線下的SEP曲線。比較不同戰機的SEP曲線即可判定戰機的作戰性能之良窳。此方法目前已風行全球。

葡萄牙文寫得流星飛彈計畫的故事完整版, 裡面還付有當年老英EF-2000”猛禽戰力九成說”的宣稱緣起.............

（以下為原文後半段英譯）

JOUST

The JOUST is a simulator of air-air fights of long reach multiusenario from the DERA (present QinetiQ) that was used to help applications of the program Meteor.

The JOUST is a capable system of modelar fights air to long distance (BVR - Beyond Visual Grinds) realistic with human control and digital modeling using simulation of high resolution.

They are 12 stations (now added of four simulators of the Eurofighter), more 3 stations of command to generate aim, missiles BE, radars and airships AWACS.

More of 60 evaluations were driven from the decade of 90 by pilots from the RAF and RN during 6 years. Each evaluation had lasted two to four weeks. The battles were 4x4 and also hears participation of others countries.

The JOUST is used for researches of battle to short distance and to long distances, development of tactics, equipment news use doctrine (Rafale by example), training, studies of interface man-machine and study of settings.

The JOUST is capable of simulating workings of radar, RCS of airships, datalink JTIDS to change of information, electronic countermeasures and its effect in the sensors. Is able to simulate new sensors as an IRST and situations of environment that confuse to deteccao infravermelha. The given saints melted with screen Kalman and shown in a screen of vision of God.

The system is capable of generate airships controlled digital as package of bombardeiros flying bass. The battle can be helped by an AEW modelado or of human control for the two sides.

They were studied the factors that they do a hunting over another in the arena BVR, as fuselagem, aerodynamics, propulsao, avionicos and performance of weapons. You quiz they were them a success for show like a weapons/airship systems combination functions and relate with the battle BVR.

All of the aspects of the study about the battle BVR they were grouped in the following categories:

- Studies of effectiveness to evaluate performance of you vary airships and weapons, in you vary task

- Researches in the huntings performance areas (fuselagem, weapons, avionicos and sensors) to help to direct researches for studies of better option.

- Evaluate the options of modernizacao of airships

- Analyzes and formulation of tactics BVR, present and future.

The studies were focado in the following areas:

- Battle effectiveness Studies in air settings of superiority and air defense

- Studies of Integration of avionicos of huntings and studies of balanceamento of systems

- Analyzes battle tactics formulation BVR for huntings, sensors and weapons (present and future)

The studies concentrated in the Eurofighter. The opponents were the Mig-29, Su-27 and derived (Su-35). They were modelados vary options of radar, avionicos and weapons. The settings varied since generic air defense with convoy of bombardeiros, keeps pure air superiority (with or without AEW of each side).

Also it was quizzed to study option of hunting more cheap with or without systems got worse like IRST, DASS and JTIDS/MIDS.

The future radar AESA of the Eurofighter also was quizzed, with multiple and unique configuration of antenna to compare long reach cover.

Ａ：以上是JOUST系統的介紹, 簡而言之, 其為一套可考量多方面變因（AWACS, DATALINK, 電戰, 雷達, 光電, 武器系統, 戰機RCS變化, 戰機性能等等）, 全面模擬空對空作戰狀況與研發探討戰術應用的電腦模擬系統, 在應用於颱風戰機的開發過程中, 其曾用於模擬探討IRST, DASS, JTIDS/MIDS, 乃至還在構想階段的AESA雷達等戰機子系統的效益評估.

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In May of 1993 was initiated studies of the applications of the program Meteor that they were evaluated to will be applied in the program Eurofighter. They were evaluated weaknesses and points fortresses of the project, as configurations of propellant. They were carried out more three evaluations in the two years to quiz proposals. The facts were used to them determine the final specifications. The facts also influenced the program ASRAAM.

The majority of the battles studied showed that they would be between 20-50km. Below 12-20km will be inside the visual reach. The application was reach maximum well beyond 100km (> 150km) and more more lineal profile speed, with in the-escape zone (NEZ) of 20-80km that would be factor critic in the arena BVR.

The performance was similar to the AIM-54 Phoenix with agility of the ASRAAM. The motor solido of double impulse was considerado before of the ramjet, but nao would fill the applications.

The very demanding application caused to adoption of propulsao ramjet to reach the speed, reach and manobrabilidade terminal. The limitation was to interface with the Eurofigther and ejetor embutido.

An of the applications of the program BVRAAM was furtive launching, with the enemy pilot receiving alerts most minimum that the missile was shot, reducing the evasive opportunity of action; sufficient energy to pursue and destroy very agile aim; strong performance in electronic environment of war; capacity of engajar, shoot and desengajar quick to increase the survival.

The simulations showed that a hunting armed with an assets radar air-air missile of long reach would try shoot the missile and flee quick. The aim is able to against-attack with another missile BVR and try evade losing altitude and leading missile for denser atmosphere. If sobe quick, the missile in pursuit will have difficulty in go up new to accompany.

You had him also showed that the battle would be of shots BVR multiple, with opponents shooting and fleeing or evading, always outside of the visual reach. The perdedor generally was what lost first altitude, or flew subsonico and stayed herself options, stayed without weapons or fuel and fled.

The objective of the experiment passed be it to superacao of the R-77 that was much most better that AMRAAM in energy.

The simulation resulted us applications of the BVRAAM that should arm the Eurofighter British to obtain superiority to 2030. The threat they were hunts others with equivalent missile. The threat key was the Russian missile Vympel R-77 (AA-12 Adder) and future variantes.

The capacity BVR intial of the program Eurofighter rotated around the AMRAAM. The Eurofighter did not have furtividade to exceed the Su-27 armed with the R-77. The answer would be able to be missile of bigger reach than the AMRAAM.

Ａ：自1993年五月起, 本系統開始應用於探討未來BVRAAM的性能需求, 根據其模擬結果：現代的BVR空戰範圍多在20至50公里範圍內展開, WVR空戰範圍則多在12至20公里範圍內, 且R-77的終端獵殺動能與NEZ非AIM-120所能及, 颱風戰機如果使用AIM-120去力拼使用R-77與其後續衍生型的SU-35的話, 將取不到可以令人接受的空戰交換比...................若要維持EF-2000的空戰有效性至2030年以後的話, 該系統的模擬結論為：”一款有效射程如鳳凰（100公里以上, 一說＞150公里）, 機動性如ASRAAM, 擁有20至80公里範圍NEZ的主動雷達導引衝壓推進BVRAAM”（雙脈衝火箭推進經模擬被認為無法滿足需要）, 這後來成為流星飛彈計畫的開發宗旨目標, 也影響了ASRAAM的性能設計取向.

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To USAF would use to furtividade of the F/A-22 to approach and flee without to be bothered and by this the F/A-22 has less need of a missile of long reach. The F/A-22 finished defined the difference of operation between Europeans and U.S.A.

The results of the simulations of the Eurofighter equipped with the Meteor were compared with others hunts. The adversary was the Su-27 modernized (equivalent to the Su-35) equipped with THE-10 or R-77 (given more worse) he had the following results:

（完整版的對抗Su-35 + R-77模擬交換比）
The hunts Reason of the Change (%)
F/A-22：90% （AIM-120）
EF2000：82-75% （Meteor）
F-15F：60%（AIM-120）
F-15E：55%（AIM-120）
F-15C：43%（AIM-120）
Rafale：50% （MICA）
F-18E：45-25% （AIM-120）
Gripen：40% （AIM-120）
M-2000-5：35% （MICA）
Tornado F3：30% （AIM-120）
F-18C：21% （AIM-120）
F-16C：21% （AIM-120）

The chance of a conventional airship survive to a furtive hunting is missing of 10% (F/A-22 against Su-27). The Eurofighter has good results by also have a small one RCS in the quadrant frontal that is the more important in the battle BVR and use the missile Meteor in the simulation.

Obs: THE F-15F was a proposal of F-15 with systems advanced. All of the western huntings they used the AMRAAM with exception of the Rafale French that they use the MICA.

The air-air missiles technology is able to defined the depth from the air battle. Who it has the most greatest reach controls the commitment.

Ａ：以上是截止1997年時的整體模擬結果總結：面對SU-35 + R-77與其衍生型組合, 只有匿蹤性追求完美的猛禽, 與擁有部份匿蹤優勢（這被認為只佔少部份獲勝要素）與流星級BVRAAM（這被認為是獲勝關鍵）的颱風戰機, 能在公平較量狀態下於BVR對戰中取得甜頭.

In a battle simulated in 1996, with four F-15 armed with AIM-120 against others four F-15 simulating Mig-29 armed with R-27 and R-73, the pilots blue did not see the enemy and neither the wing. Did not they maneuver to more of 3g’s and never they flew invertidos.

The envelope of battle to short distances and long distances they were separate. In a simulation in the JOUST in 1996 showed that an aim to more of 40km was free to maneuver. Any missile can be avoided in the maximum reach.

With the present missiles air-air the commitment will be between 15-40km. Missiles of short reach are more more lethal to less than 8km. Between 8-15km the aim still can avoid the approximate battle.

The Meteor will have long reach and more energy to long distances. The objective is increase to NEZ. The datalink of two roads will be used to inform that the missile found the aim.

The ASRAAM follows similar tactics upon be an option more cockroach against aim still beyond the visual reach.

A hunting should have capacity multi-aim. Datalincar several missiles at the same time also is desirable. If a hunting has avionicos upper as assignment of aim by third or datalink, this requer the formulation of tactics. Also requer good coordination and discipline of formation.

The general tactics depend on each plataforma. An air battle between opponents equipped with missiles of long reach with active radar is characterized by you vary offensive actions, followed by maneuvers defensives. The meeting is followed with a serie of change of missiles (himself not houver defeats before). The upper combination defeats, knocking down the enemy or foge for lack of weapon or fuel.

The altitude and speed are important for the huntings and missiles air-air. The missiles are more effective against aim flying high or the decrease speed. Also it is more dependable fly bass and quick. The dilemma is seek the combination of altitude, speed and geometry of meeting to maximize the own forces and minimize the of the enemy.

In case of of an airship with big energy of agility/manobrabilidade but little autonomy to fight, the pilot can choose a flight of short duration and big energy or he prolong the fight flying bass and with little energy. Flying bass the pilot stayed in the defensive, but with similar duration of battle to of fight of big energy.

He have a better missile he generates less demand of the pilot. In approximate battles, to bigger task he went he maintain the conscience from the situation.

The studies of the JOUST determined some carateristicas important things of a modern airship of hunting:

（JOUST計畫研究結論, 幾個攸關空戰勝負的關鍵指標）

- Agility of energy.
The excess of power or SEP is vital so much in the dogfight as much as in the arena BVR. This already it was perceived in the Vietnam when the huntings obtained maneuver to avoid the missiles. A hunter should be good to accelerate in straight line and go up in the SEP of great profile.
（無論遠射近纏, 戰機剩餘功率都是極度重要的性能指標, 悠關著戰機直線加速性能, 飛彈有效射程, 以及閃避敵襲飛彈能力）

- Manobrabilidade of energy.
It is the capacity of maintain curves without a lot loss of energy
（空戰勝負關鍵重要指標二：能量利用效率∼能在轉彎等機動中損失動能較少的戰機設計, 擁有較佳的勝算）

- Persistence of battle.
　It is the quantity of energy and weapons. Also it signifies maintain speed without use the powders-combustor
（持續戰力：包括武裝, 戰機能量, 以及不開後燃器的巡航時速等等）

- Furtividade or RCS.
　Helps in the against-deteccao and contramedidas electronic
（匿蹤性）

- Integration of Sensors
　To facilitate to disponibilizacao of information and conscience from the situation
（偵測器資料整合/SA能力）

- Systems of weapons.
The weaknesses and strong points should be acquaintances to exploit the weapons friends and enemy.
（敵我空戰武裝性能比較）

Another hunts studied by the JOUST went the JSF (F-35) in several generic configurations for future settings.

The pilots of the Tornado F.3 from the RAF that would go participate in you quiz of the JTIDS in August of 1994 they used the JOUST to develop tactics before of him you had. It resulted in vitoria relativamente easy against the F-15 from the USAF and afterwards against others hunts like Mig-29 Germans.

（皇家空軍在吃了JOUST菠菜後, 墊定日後以龍捲風F3 + 天閃 + JTIDS卻能狂電老美F-15C + AIM-120與老德MIG-29的戰術基礎）

To RAF modelou the probability of an airship of attack survive in an air space well defended, using barely the computers and crew members in simuladores of the JOUST. The best index of survival went to of the Tornado of two places where the navigator carried out the while defensives task the pilot flew the airship. The Harrier and Jaguar, airships monoposto, they had always less capacity of survival.
（JOUST的另一發現：兩個飛官恰恰好.............）

The JOUST uses human users (MITL - man-in-the-loop) instead of algorithms by several motives. Human be him can explain the razoes of the result of the battle, instead of alone show the final result. The pilots can study the factors that caused to the success, or limited sweats efficiency. Without a pilot for esplicar the razoes of an unexpected result, as in a simulation MITL, an analyst using digital modeling will be forced try estimate it the razoes upon observe the battle. It will have that move the tactics from the digital modeling to be sure that the result was not caused by the inadequate tactics.

The way MITL also supplies indication from the difficulty involved in the use of a private system and an idea of the kind of pilot that will go use the system from the best way. Considerando a hunting with bigger agility than another, a pilot that uses this capacity correctly will be better. The pilot will go he concentrate in stayed in the great area of the envelope to maintain bigger energy than the opponent.

The digital modeling still he has importance. If they will go necessary he quiz many parameters at the same time, and he quiz small variations, he is necessary he use digital modeling to repeat systematically the settings. I spend less time and more cheap in we will have of hand of work. The algorithm is calibrated with referencia of the human performance. The pilot also is capable of he call attention of problems in the software.

作者簡介：
Major Lawrence Data Spinetta，美國空軍1st Fighter Squadron F-15C空優戰機種子級教官，曾經在伊拉克，柯索夫，Serbia等區域衝突中出擊65架次；其早年曾在駐英基地服役，並且以其愛機多次與歐洲各盟國空軍的F-104, F-16, Mig-29等諸路英雄好漢們以武會友過。

而不久之前，老美海航的F/A-18E/F超級大黃蜂戰機開始進入部署成軍階段，並且展開各項作戰訓練計畫，其中包括與空軍間的異種機空戰競技格鬥；在此因緣際會下，Major Lawrence得以在不久前與美國海航VFA-102”鑽石背”中隊旗下的超級大黃蜂戰機，在佛羅里達州外海上空展開多場激烈較量競技...

原文節譯：
身為戰機飛行員，其職業生涯中最高的理想成就便是在空戰中漂亮擊落敵機；你可以在一場戰爭中扔下成百上千的炸彈把敵人炸個屁滾尿流，但是唯有擊落五架以上敵機，你才能獲得在空軍職業生涯中最為尊貴的地位∼ACE。

然而身為空戰食物鏈的頂峰∼美帝空軍，最大的悲哀在於天下英雄莫敢當，拔劍四顧心茫然－幾乎沒有任何敵國空軍戰機敢前來挑戰送死，使得幾十年來，想在美國空軍中獲得ACE這個頭銜，簡直比連莊諾貝爾獎還難。在近年來幾場區域衝突中，吾等空優戰機飛行員幾乎總是在名為CAP的無聊飛行任務中，袖手旁觀地看轟炸攻擊機群作聲光煙火表演秀（喔！！那堆落下的集束炸彈看起來真猛！！被打到一定很痛........），除了偶爾閃閃SAM與防空炮火外，空優飛行員的日子真的很無聊.............

日子空虛寂寞事小，缺乏足夠的實戰經驗教訓來鍛鍊精進空戰技術與戰術可是茲事體大，在沒有好的敵國空軍可以比拼練功下，與夠格的盟友伙伴切磋較量自是最佳的代替方案；而無疑的，我們的海航弟兄自是最夠格的對手之一。最近我便獲得這樣一個機會：與美國海航VFA-102”鑽石背”中隊旗下的新銳戰機∼F/A-18E/F超級大黃蜂戰機進行異種機空戰競技。

USAF與USN戰機飛行員，我們之間的兄弟情誼之穩固堅實，有如英格蘭與蘇格蘭………….-_-||| 不過在各自獨力發展多年之後，彼此間已各自發展出一套截然不同的文化，訓練制度與專業術語，例如海航弟兄們將其大半的訓練光陰與精力投注在如何將戰機安全降落在那於波濤洶湧的大海中起伏搖晃，準備降落時目視小如郵票的蒼海一航母上，而在空軍，基地建造商在開始鋪設那長達12,000英呎的跑道前，得先選好風水寶地蓋好軍官俱樂部與高爾夫球場………..海航弟兄習慣稱他們的戰機基本作戰單位編成為section和division，而我們則是稱其為2-ship和4-ship；USAF定義”Aspect Angle”為敵機機尾與我機之間的夾角，而USN則是將其定義為敵機機鼻與我機之間的夾角……………類似的大異其趣之情形，也同樣出現反應在兩軍種目前的主力戰機與BFM哲學理念上。

當我第一次拜見超級大黃蜂戰機的現代化航電座艙時，心中著實為“沒有先進電腦，網路，與E-mail，今日戰爭將無從展開”這事實感嘆不已；兩機相比下，超級大黃蜂戰機上令人目不暇給的航電與SA科技令其宛如血統高貴的名種競賽神駒，而我的寶貝座騎F-15C則有如苦力老驥。

然而在空戰性能較量上，俺的寶貝F-15C依然是老驥伏櫪，志在千里：12,973公斤的空重加上五萬磅級的最大後燃推力，使得鷹式機為能量而生的空優戰機自1975年以來服役至今，在重視能量與速度的空優戰場上依然罕有其匹；而相形之下，超級大黃蜂戰機的重量比F-15C還重上5%左右，可是最大推力級數只有其88%，造成其速度與能量補充上的明顯性能不足，在低空飛行時速度甚至難以突破音速；雖然其無攻角限制飛行與機首指向能力傑出，但是若在戰場上遭遇到諸如Su-27或Mig-29之流的空優掠食者時“Super Hornets will never be able to outrun 4th generation predators such as Su-27 or Mig-29. Once an engagement occurs, there’s no escape”。

F-15C與F/A-18E/F在BFM哲學理念上亦有極大差異，美國海航的空戰訓練是強調勇猛進取，追求在空戰開戰後90秒內將敵機給轟下，為了達到此點，美國海航的戰術訓練與理念在某些情況下，在吾等空軍健兒的眼中看來，簡直離經叛道（例如：They are more likely to point at an adversary and risk an overshoot (ie flying out in front of the bandit……a bad thing) rather than reposition to the bandit’s six o’clock）

相對於海航狂野進取的冒險野郎作風，我們空軍則是將BFM當作競技來看∼控制戰機的競技。Trying to achieve a controlled Weapon Employment Zone entry and maintain the offensive. 追求全面性的攻防兼具優勢。敵機上次出現在你六點鐘，距離3,000呎以內的方位是什麼時候？？？如果你不注意留神小心提防的話，豈有不為國捐軀的道理？？？我們鷹式機飛行員將APG-63, 70, V1, V2等雷達系統視同隨身迷你AWACS，如果鷹之牆的雷達搜索網之安排居然會讓敵機衝進目視接戰距離才被發現的話，便意味著作戰計畫出現嚴重錯誤；和海航相較，我們空軍飛行員較喜歡在不受AWACS密切管制指揮的狀況下進行自主空優作戰。

對於戰機飛行員而言，戰機的轉彎速率與半徑是攸關空戰勝負的關鍵指標；在中高度下，F-15C在持續轉彎率上略勝三分，而F/A-18E/F則拜Movable forward edge on wing之賜，於瞬間轉彎率佔優。然而這等“living wing”對F/A-18E/F而言是福也是禍：在增進轉彎性能的同時，其也顯著提高機體阻力，讓F/A-18E/F原已不足的空戰能量更加雪上加霜。

另外一項對F/A-18E/F而言是福也是禍的配備則在於其先進的“維琪式”飛控系統電腦，為了保護戰機結構壽限與廣大戰機飛行員的飛行安全，該電腦對於超級大黃蜂的操作ｇ限（+7.5G）與飛行包絡線有著一定限制，當飛行員作出超出限制規定時，飛控系統電腦便會“投票否決”飛行員的“過當”機動，即使是敵方的SAM或AAM已經迎面而來了也不例外∼為了保護大多數人類飛行員的飛行安全，有時只好犧牲那些在敵人SAM或AAM鬼門關前，迫切需要更多機動的少數倒楣鬼…………….XD

而F-15C上的老式飛控系統便不會如此自作聰明，人類飛行員是戰機機動的最終決定與主宰者，只要有需要且飛行員有能力承受，隨時可以把戰機操至超過正常機動上限，直達機體運動極限的地步，例如F-15的正常ｇ上限是9G，但是在一次波斯灣大戰期間，一架F-15E飛行員為了閃避來襲SAM，曾經飛出高達10.5G級的瞬間機動。

以F-15C要在BFM競技中壓倒F/A-18E/F，其訣竅關鍵便是在保持能量與速度；若交戰在時速350節以下進行，則F/A-18E/F將享有約每秒一度的轉彎速率優勢。
To keep an energy advantage, our game plan was simply to avoid getting into a slow speed fight with a Hornet. We sought to exploit our power advantage by keeping speed on the jet and keeping exclusive turning room above the Super Hornet with his nose committed down hill.

http://www.eurofighter.com/Interactive/MissionPlanner/question1.asp

A message is received from an RAF E-3D Sentry airborne early warning aircraft via the MIDS datalink requesting you to intercept an incoming raid of 16 bogeys coming in at Mach 0.9 and 25000 feet, 60nm from the border and 50nm to the side of your current position. How do you wish to proceed?

1. Engage afterburners, and proceed at maximum speed on a collision course to the target.

2. Switch radar off and make a subsonic intercept, using information on target location provided by E-3D via the MIDS datalink.

3. Remain on CAP and wait for the raid to get closer before intercepting.

http://www.eurofighter.com/Interactive/MissionPlanner/question2.asp

Your flight is approaching the incoming raid, which has been confirmed as hostile. How do you wish to prosecute the engagement ?

1. Select afterburners, and accelerate to maximum speed to engage the enemy head-on

2. Drop to low level and switch radar off, with the aim of slipping under the raids fighter screen , relying on the passive sensor suite (infra red search and track, electronic surveillance systems, and off-board information) for target tracking.

3. Accelerate to moderate supersonic speeds (M1.4+) and climb to 5000 feet above the threat formation, steering to come in from one side.

http://www.eurofighter.com/Interactive/MissionPlanner/question3.asp

Your flight has successfully destroyed half of the threat fighters during the beyond visual range engagement. You and your wingman have successfully avoided counter-fire, but have got split up from the other Eurofighter section. As you turn back into the fight at 10000 feet, the MIDS datalink shows the remaining four threat fighters 5nm away and 5000 feet directly above you , and two groups of four bombers below you 10nm off to the side. What do you wish to do ?

1. Disengage & wait for backup from the other flight members.

2. Climb and accelerate to meet the fighters.

3. Head for the bombers.

http://www.eurofighter.com/Interactive/MissionPlanner/question4.asp

BAES集團未來空用AESA雷達技術研發開發面面觀............PDF檔，全23頁

Page 1~3，英國二次大戰後空用雷達發展史：

1945~1975：Pulse雷達

1970~1990：FMICW雷達（獵狐者）

1980~2010：多模式脈波督卜勒雷達（藍雌狐與Captor）
＃藍雌狐雷達曾被譽為世上最佳的飛彈導引火控雷達，擁有Auto-TWS與clean-scope等能力模式

2007~：主動陣列雷達（Captor雷達改）

Page 4~6：未來CAPTOR雷達換裝AESA天線模型示意：
＃戰機雷達T/R模組密度約為0.325模組每Lambda平方，一個60公分孔徑的天線約需1,000個T/R模組
（CAPTOR雷達的天線孔徑70公分：約需1,250~1,500個T/R模組？？？）

Page 7~10：英國佬T/R模組發展成就：

＃戰機雷達用T/R模組（STORM）：大小約100mm * 14.5mm，使用Aluminum Nitride Substrate．

＃PHEMT GaAs／V20R HPA MMIC：＞10W，8.5~9.5 GHz，30% efficiency at 9.5 GHz，使用一對V20R HPA MMIC的T/R模組，其輸出可達16W（未來CAPTOR改AESA雷達的最大尖峰輸出功率 = 16W * 1,250∼1,500（模組數）= 20~24 KW？？？？）

＃GaAs後繼者：GaN以及Diamond（輸出power可再提高兩∼三倍以上）

Page 11~13：天線陣列T/R模組排列模式選擇與優缺點：

＃Full-Filled Lambda/2 Array

＃Random-Thinned Array

＃Coarse Grid Array

＃Small Lambda/2 Array

＊一個1,500單元的AESA天線，能在損失100單元的狀況下依舊維持相當程度功能．

Page 14：SAR模式下的雷達空照影像（1m解係度，已可辨識地面上的輕型飛行器）
（F/A-22與第二批次型颱風戰機，其雷達SAR模式下的影像解解係度將達30cm級）

Page 15：AESA雷達優點示意圖：

＃同步執行大範圍空域搜索（資料每五秒更新），多目標追蹤（資料每秒更新），以及導引多枚BVRAAM的能力

＃遠較機械掃描雷達長遠寬廣的偵測距離以及目標追蹤鎖定角度，根據示意圖顯示，AESA化後的CAPTOR雷達偵側距離約是現今CAPTOR雷達的1.75倍（對於MIG-29級大小目標的追蹤距從今天的161~185公里提高至280~320公里？？假使為真的話，其對F-22級數（正面最小RCS = 0.0005 ~ 0.001m2）匿蹤戰機目標的對頭有效追蹤距離或可達30至40公里），加上AESA雷達的目標追蹤鎖定角度幾乎與其目標搜索角度相當，所以其能以BVRAAM進行多目標攻擊的空域範圍，當是機械掃瞄雷達的十多倍；然而其會以最大水平掃瞄角度範圍縮小為代價

Page 16：

＃結合主動陣列天線與機械掃瞄馬達，則不但能掃除上述缺憾，還能創造出”真．打即逃”的BVR空戰奧義神技（當然啦，此法尚不及使用環視陣列者”360度回馬槍”無上奧義之厲害，但是要實現的難度也低得多）．

＃波束塑型控制：能針對傳統目標／匿蹤目標／旋翼機目標的雷達回訊特色分別與以最佳化的處理．

PAGE 17~20：

＃凝視雷達影像陣列功能（敵我識別／目標辨認，類似IIR IRST的能力，但可能較不受天候影響）

＃抗干擾反制／雜訊排除功能：

a. Adaptive Jammer Cancellation（針對不同方位干擾源發射多股劍氣......不是....多股針對性反制波束予以壓制擊破？？？）

b. STAP + 2D-Space time filtering科技：能將雜訊與干擾自動排除，同時維持移動目標（即使是低速目標）訊號既有強度，似乎兼具反匿蹤／反電子干擾／精確掌控追蹤低空低速進襲目標（旋翼機，巡航飛彈等）的多重效能．

d. Bi-static operation（有無人機聯合對地打擊作戰）