http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/documents/texts/docs/19450726.D1E.html

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Database of Postwar Japanese Politics and Diplomacy
Basic Documents of Postwar International Politics

[Title] Proclamation Defining Terms For Japanese Surrender

[Date] 1945/07/26
[Source] Department of State [USA], The Department of State Bulletin, No.318, pp.137-138.

[Full text]
(1) We - the President of the United States, the President of the National Government of the Republic of China, and the Prime Minister of Great Britain, representing the hundreds of millions of our countrymen, have conferred and agree that Japan shall be given an opportunity to end this war.

(2) The prodigious land, sea and air forces of the United States, the British Empire and of China, many times reinforced by their armies and air fleets from the west, are poised to strike the final blows upon Japan. This military power is sustained and inspired by the determination of all the Allied Nations to prosecute the war against Japan until she ceases to resist.

(3) The result of the futile and senseless German resistance to the might of the aroused free peoples of the world stands forth in awful clarity as an example to the people of Japan. The might that now converges on Japan is immeasurably greater than that which, when applied to the resisting Nazis, necessarily laid waste to the lands, the industry and the method of life of the whole German people. The full application of our military power, backed by our resolve, will mean the inevitable and complete destruction of the Japanese armed forces and just as inevitably the utter devastation of the Japanese homeland.

(4) The time has come for Japan to decide whether she will continue to be controlled by those self-willed militaristic advisers whose unintelligent calculations have brought the Empire of Japan to the threshold of annihilation, or whether she will follow the path of reason.

(5) Following are our terms. We will not deviate from them. There are no alternatives. We shall brook no delay.

(6) There must be eliminated for all time the authority and influence of those who have deceived and misled the people of Japan into embarking on world conquest, for we insist that a new order of peace, security and justice will be impossible until irresponsible militarism is driven from the world.

(7) Until such a new order is established and until there is convincing proof that Japans warmaking power is destroyed, points in Japanese territory to be designated by the Allies shall be occupied to secure the achievement of the basic objectives we are here setting forth.

(8) The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine.

(9) The Japanese military forces, after being completely disarmed, shall be permitted to return to their homes with the opportunity to lead peaceful and productive lives.

(10) We do not intend that the Japanese shall be enslaved as a race or destroyed as a nation, but stern justice shall be meted out to all war criminals, including those who have visited cruelties upon our prisoners. The Japanese Government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people. Freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well as respect for the fundamental human rights shall be established.

(11) Japan shall be permitted to maintain such industries as will sustain her economy and permit the exaction of just reparations in kind, but not those which would enable her to re-arm for war. To this end, access to, as distinguished from control of, raw materials shall be permitted. Eventual Japanese participation in world trade relations shall be permitted.

(12) The occupying forces of the Allies shall be withdrawn from Japan as soon as these objectives have been accomplished and there has been established in accordance with the freely expressed will of the Japanese people a peacefully inclined and responsible government.

(13) We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The altenative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction.

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1945.07.26《波茲坦宣言》中譯

由來：

1945年5月7日，德國法西斯宣布無條件投降。1945年5月11日，英國首相丘吉爾向美國新任總統杜魯門建議，邀請斯大林進行三方會議。

1945年7月17日至8月2日，美國總統杜魯門。英國首相丘吉爾、蘇聯部長會議主席斯大林在德國柏林附近的波茨坦舉行會議。

1945年7月28日丘吉爾下台后，由新任首相艾德利接替參加會議。參加會議的還有3國外長、軍隊參謀長等。這次會議主要討論德國投降后歐洲問題的處理，與原軸心國簽訂和約的方式、占領德國的原則等問題，并就取得一致意見的各項協議簽訂了《柏林波茨坦會議議定書》，發表了《柏林會議公報》，因為這兩項文件內容基本相同，統稱《波茨坦協定》。

過后，為解決太平洋戰爭和美國與蘇聯對中國將來關系問題，敦促日本無條件投降問題，討論通過了促令日本投降的《波茨坦公告》。由于蘇聯尚未對日宣戰，便由美國征求中國政府同意后，以中、美、英3國政府的名義，于1945年7月 26日正式發布。

然而，就在《波茨坦公告》發布的第二天。也就7月27日，日本政府即予表態，拒絕接受《波茨坦公告》。

蔣介石雖列名為發表波茲坦宣言者之一，但他並沒有被邀參加波茲坦會談。從七月十七日至八月二日所舉行的此一會談，始終參加的，只有杜魯門和史達林，最初參加的邱吉爾，因其本國大選，於七月二十五日返國。結果他選舉失敗，勞工黨勝利而登上首相寶座的艾德禮（C. R. Attlee）於七月二十八日，赴波茲坦繼續會談。波茲坦宣言草案送交重慶的蔣介石，其允諾之電報，於二十六日送抵波茲坦。同一天晚上九點，宣言以美、英、華三國之共同宣言名義發表，而於發表之後，才將該宣言複本送交蘇聯。宣言內容在當初是以蘇聯也參加的形式下作成的，然而在發表之前，杜魯門卻將列有蘇聯之條款去掉了。

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發表日：1945.07.26
參與發表國：中、美、英
簽署狀況：美國總統杜魯門（Harry S. Truman）、中華民國主席蔣介石、大英帝國首相邱吉爾具名發表，但只有杜魯門簽字。

「波茨坦宣言」亦經列入美國國務院編入「美國一七七六年至一九四九年締結之條約及其他國務協定彙編」(Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776-1949)
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波茲坦宣言

美、英、中三國政府領袖公告︰

　　（一）余等︰美國總統、中國國民政府主席及英國首相代表余等億萬國民，業經會商，並同意對日本應予以一機會，以結束此次戰事。

　　（二）美國、英帝國及中國之龐大陸、海、軍部隊，業已增強多倍，其由西方調來之軍隊及空軍，即將予日本以最後之打擊，彼等之武力受所有聯合國之決心之支持及鼓勵，對日作戰，不至其停止抵抗不止。

　　（三）德國無效果及無意識抵抗全世界激起之自由人之力量，所得之結果，彰彰在前，可為日本人民之殷鑒。此種力量當其對付抵抗之納粹時不得不將德國人民全體之土地、工業及其生活方式摧殘殆盡。但現在集中對待日本之星則較之更為龐大，不可衡量。吾等之軍力，加以吾人之堅決意志為後盾，若予以全部實施，必將使日本軍隊完全毀滅，無可逃避，而日本之本土亦必終歸全部殘毀。

　　（四）現時業已到來，日本必須決定一途，其將繼續受其一意孤行計算錯誤，使日本帝國已陷于完全毀滅之境之軍人之統制，抑或走向理智之路。

　　（五）以下為吾人之條件，吾人決不更改，亦無其他另一方式。猶豫遷延，更為吾人所不容許。

　　（六）欺騙及錯誤領導日本人民使其妄欲征服世界者之威權及勢力，必須永久剔除。蓋吾人堅持非將負責之窮兵黷武主義驅出世界，則和平安全及正義之新秩序勢不可能。

　　（七）直至如此之新秩序成立時，及直至日本制造戰爭之力量業已毀滅，有確定可信之證據時，日本領土經盟國之指定，必須佔領，俾吾人在此陳述之基本目的得以完成。

　　（八）開羅宣言之條件必將實施，而日本之主權必將限于本州、北海道、九州、四國及吾人所決定其他小島之內。

　　（九）日本軍隊在完全解除武裝以後，將被允許返其家鄉，得有和平及生產生活之機會。

　　（十）吾人無意奴役日本民族或消滅其國家，但對于戰罪人犯，包括虐待吾人俘虜在內，將處以法律之裁判，日本政府必將阻止日本人民民主趨勢之復興及增強之所有障礙予以消除，言論、宗教及思想自由以及對于基本人權之重視必須成立。

　　（十一）日本將被允許維持其經濟所必須及可以償付貨物賠款之工業，但可以使其獲得原料，以別于統制原料，日本最後參加國際貿易關系當可準許。

　　（十二）上述目的達到及依據日本人民自由表示之意志成立一傾向和平及負責之政府後，同盟國佔領軍隊當撤退。

　　（十三）吾人通告日本政府立即宣布所有日本武裝部隊無條件投降，並以此種行動誠意實行予以適當之各項保證，除此一途，日本即將迅速完全毀滅。

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