Agence France Presse
Malaysias navy gets boost with 12 new helicopters: report
十二架新直升機將提昇馬來西亞海軍軍力
KUALA LUMPUR, May 27
Malaysias navy will soon get 12 new helicopters from Britain and France worth a total 850 million ringgit (223.68 million dollars), a report said Tuesday.

The navy will take delivery of six Super Lynch from Britain costing 678 million ringgit in August and six French-manufactured Fennec worth 172 million by mid-2004, the New Straits Times said.

Royal Malaysian Navy chief Mohamad Ramly Abu Bakar was quoted as saying the new helicopters would boost radar capabilities and the use of the weapons system by its aviation wing.

We are confident that the Super Lynx and Fennec helicopters will strengthen our aviation wings capabilities, he said.

At present, although we have missiles that can travel hundreds of kilometres, our radar system has its limitations. However, with the new helicopters, we will be able to use their radar system to optimise the use of our weapons system.

The newspaper said the Super Lynx would have anti-ship weapons capabilities and carry six people for maritime operations, while the Fennec helicopter would be used for training.

Malaysia has embarked on a major arms procurement spree after reviving its military upgrading program, which was derailed by the 1997/98 Asian financial crisis.

The government last week agreed to buy 18 powerful Sukhoi fighter jets from Russia in a deal estimated at 900 million dollars.

The US Navy (USN), buoyed by its new Sea Power 21 strategic concept released in October 2002, was a critical element in assuring the military victory in Iraq. Numerous aircraft carrier battle groups (CVBGs) and amphibious ready groups (ARGs) made ready for combat, in some cases significantly compressing inter-deployment workups to arrive on-scene on time. In the background, the USN was also engaged in a Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), with operational and personnel tempos at post-Cold War highs. The gathering storms of war and the reality of worldwide crisis dramatically underscored the need for on-scene, responsive, and combat-effective military forces to protect US interests.

In his Sea Power 21: Projecting Decisive Joint Capabilities white paper, Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Vernon E Clark articulated the USNs vision for 21st-century operations based on three fundamental concepts – Sea Strike, Sea Shield, and Sea Basing – linked together in a seamless FORCEnet web of secure communications and information. Important for todays and tomorrows fleet, Sea Power 21 outlined a new Global Concept of Operations that posited innovative force mixes – carrier strike groups, expeditionary strike groups, and expeditionary strike forces – which would enable the USN to reach friends and adversaries in ways not previously possible.

Nagging issues, some clearly beyond the control of the USN, and still-constrained resources, despite record defense budget increases, may yet combine to cloud that vision.

As in numerous crises since the end of the Second World War, CVBGs and ARGs built around large-deck amphibious assault warships figure prominently in the USNs order of battle, providing highly mobile sea bases from which offensive and defensive power can be projected well over land and serving as vital nodes in net-centric operations. But, there is little doubt that todays fleet is being spread too thin, which has generated some creative thinking.

Indeed, as Lenin understood, quantity has a quality all its own - numbers matter. While the capabilities of tomorrows netted sensors and weapons will doubtless increase the potency of each warship and aircraft, numbers will always be of concern: a ship or an aircraft cannot be in two places at once.

Sea Power 21 explains that the Global Concept of Operations will disperse combat striking power by creating additional independent operational groups capable of responding simultaneously around the world. This increase of combat power is possible because technological advancements are dramatically transforming the capability of our ships, submarines, and aircraft to act as power projection forces, netted together for expanded warfighting effect. Instead of todays 12 CVBGs, a total of 37 independent strike groups will carry out worldwide operations, including 12 Carrier Strike Groups, 12 Expeditionary Strike Groups, nine Strike and Missile Defense Surface Action Groups and modified Trident guided-missile submarines providing covert striking power from cruise missiles and the insertion of Special Operations Forces.

BBC Monitoring International Reports
May 26, 2003
GREEK, SOUTH KOREAN NAVIES ORDER RADAR-DETECTING DEVICE FROM SAFRICAN FIRM
希臘及南韓向南非訂購ESM 裝備
Cape Town, 26 May: A bullet-shaped radar-detecting device, about the size of two stacked jam tins and built to fit into the periscopes of the SA navys three new submarines, is proving to be a money-spinner for the Cape Town-based firm that designed it.

According to its manufacturers, Avitronics Maritime, orders for the electronic support measures (ESM) equipment have been received from both the Greek and South Korean navies.

The exports, which the company says is a direct result of the industrial participation strategy linked to governments multi-billion rand arms deal, have added about 125m rands to Avitronics turnover. Briefing the media at the companys Muizenberg headquarters on Monday 26 May , Avitronics MD Ben Ash said the equipment was designed to detect radar emissions.

Key to the surveillance suite Avitronics is producing for the South African, Greek and South Korean navies, are radar intercept systems, which warn the crew of attempts by opponents to detect the submarine. Because a submarines survival is dependent on its stealth capabilities, these passive systems are central to the boats ability to remain undetected, he said.

What made the South African-built ESM device unique was its miniaturization and incorporation in the periscope mast.

By making our components smaller, and at the same time more effective, we have reduced the number of masts a submarine needs for these tasks, thereby allowing navies to increase their operational flexibility.

Ash said the orders from foreign navies was an international seal of approval for his company and a powerful indication that the SA governments offset strategy is working.

Meanwhile, the first of South Africas three new German-built U-209 submarines, currently under construction in a Kiel shipyard, is set for delivery in July 2005.

The second and third boats will follow at twelve-monthly intervals.

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003May16001/index.htm
Submarine USS Columbus Launches Tomahawks In West Coast Tests
(Source: US Navy; issued May 27, 2003)

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003May16026/index.htm
Lockheed Wins $13M For Mine Sweeping Equipment
(Source: Lockheed Martin; issued May 28, 2003)

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003May16032/index.htm
Lockheed Demonstrates New Radar Capabilities
(Source: Lockheed Martin; issued May 28, 2003)

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Jun16038/index.htm
South Korea: Navy Fires Warning Shots To NK Boats
(Source: Korea Information Service; issued June 1, 2003)

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003May16031/index.htm
NAVAIR Delivers SH-60B To Spain

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Jun16148/index.htm
Third South African Navy Corvette Named During Ceremony At Blohm + Voss

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Jun16150/index.htm
Japanese Navy to Buy EH101

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Jun16132/index.htm
US Navy Approves HS 8-Bladed NP2000 Propeller
(Source: Hamilton Sundstrand; issued June 5, 2003)

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Jun16099/index.htm
Lockheed To Develop Follow-On To Marine Corps SMAW
(Source: Lockheed Martin; issued June 3, 2003)

編譯馮克芸／法新社華盛頓十日電

歐洲消息人士及接近美國國防部的消息人士說，美國總統布希為答謝西班牙支持美國攻打伊拉克，希望將售台的八艘潛艦交給西班牙艾察造船廠製造。

熟知此一計畫的前美軍幕僚人員私下說：「布希將竭盡所能答謝（西班牙總理）艾茲納支持美國攻伊之舉。」

一名歐洲消息人士說，此事在五月初布希與艾茲納的高峰會中曾提及。但白宮至今拒絕就此發表評論。

【2003/06/11 聯合報】

WASHINGTON (AFP) - President George W. Bush (news - web sites) would like
Spains Izar shipyard to build the eight submarines he has promised Taiwan,
in recognition of Madrids support in the Iraq (news - web sites) war, European
sources and sources close to the Pentagon (news - web sites) said.

AFP/File Photo

Bush is going to do whatever he can for (Spanish Prime Minister Jose Maria)
Aznar, to thank him for his support for the war in Iraq ... this (Izar support)
could be seriously considered because of the relations between Spain and
the US, this is obvious, a former US military staffer close to the project
said privately.

The topic came up in early May at a summit between the two leaders, according
to a European source, confirming the US president was leaning in favor of
the Spanish concern.

The White House has declined to comment for now.

And the Pentagon remains tight-lipped.

With any arms sale we have a process we go through where we make notification
to Congress at the appropriate time and that is the only time we will talk
about it publicly and we have done that yet, said Lieutenant Commander
Jeff Davis, a Pentagon spokesman.

總部在西班牙馬德里的伊薩（ＩＺＡＲ）造船公司發言人艾斯特十一日表示，對外界傳聞美方將與該廠合作為台灣製造柴電潛艦，該廠已聽聞，但她說，目前連美國都未證實這項消息，該廠自不會對此事做出評論。

艾斯特說，就生意立場而言，若美方向該廠下訂單，則該廠不會拒絕，但整件案子最後仍得由西班牙政府決定，若西班牙政府不同意輸出，該廠便無法與美國合作為台灣生產。

艾斯特說，該廠並不生產密氣閉室推進系統潛艦，但並非不能研發。她強調，在美方尚未與該廠協商之前，所有的案子當然都可以談，不過最後決定案子的因素通常是政治。

【記者盧德允／台北報導】海軍官員指出，美國總統布希若有意以西班牙柴電潛艦設計售予我國，不是沒有可能，但關鍵在於西班牙政府敢不敢開罪中共。迄今歐洲擁有潛艦技術的國家都顧慮中共反彈，不敢提供潛艦設計給美國售予台灣。

外電報導，五月初美、西兩國峰會後有消息傳出，美國總統布希感謝西班牙力挺攻打伊拉克，有意以具體行動支持西班牙總理阿茲納，包括將台灣八艘柴電潛艦交給西班牙ＩＺＡＲ伊薩爾造船廠承製。

西班牙國營造船廠的潛艦建造能力，是從法國國防部造艦局合作建造奧古斯塔級時培養出來，現在已有獨立設計建造能力，並積極爭取美國售我八艘柴電潛艦，與美國通用動力公司策略聯盟，推出Ｐ六五○的新式設計。

海軍官員表示，此消息對我方而言的確是新聞，如果布希總統要讓西班牙造這八艘潛艦，則與通用動力競爭的另一美國主承包商諾斯若普格魯曼公司背後也有龐大的政商集團，布希總統又如何擺平。

官員說，美國早已不造柴電潛艦，而歐洲的法國、荷蘭、德國、西班牙等政府，至今都不敢發給柴電潛艦出口許可，只有各國船廠積極參與此案，人人都抱「走著瞧」心態，除非最後關頭，否則難有突破。就因此，美國軍方為確保實踐布希總統承諾，拿出美國數十年前的白魚級和青花魚級柴電潛艦設計，作為歐洲國家一旦都不提供設計時的備案。

歐洲國家政府不願發給出口許可，主要因為美國在八艘潛艦售台案中負責整合全案，並供應潛艦所需的戰鬥系統和偵蒐、武器裝備，利潤很大，歐洲國家只負責提供鋼製耐壓殼的船段，利潤極其有限，相較歐洲國家可能從中國大陸獲得的商業利益，可能得不償失。

按既定時間表，我海軍已向美提出作戰環境、任務需求及基本性能規格，美國軍方四月正式公告招標的進度已告延期，七月能否截止收件、明年第一或第二季決標定案，目前都因中美雙方在本案的規畫籌備費用上意見嚴重分歧，趨向悲觀。在此情況下，縱使美國總統布希真的「內定」西班牙承造，不但變數很多，也要等下半年才明朗。

http://www.cea.com.au/news/Minister_For_Defence_10June03.pdf

Tuesday, 10 June 2003 78/2003
AUSTRALIAN COMPANY, CEA TECHNOLOGIES, TO DEVELOP
ADVANCED RADAR FOR NAVY

The Government will invest $7 million to develop Australian-designed leading edge
radar technology which could be installed on the Royal Australian Navy’s new air
warfare destroyers, Defence Minister Robert Hill announced today.
The high-powered phased array radar has been designed by Australian Capital
Territory-based company CEA Technologies.
Senator Hill said the investment would allow further development of the radar so
that it could be used in medium to long range air warfare and may be capable of
meeting theatre ballistic missile defence requirements.
“The Navy’s new air warfare destroyers will rely on the technological edge of the
active phased array radars to search and detect potential air and surface threats,”
Senator Hill said.
“The technology can also be applied to smaller ships and has the potential to
significantly enhance the capability of our ANZAC frigates.
“Navy is currently testing a lower-powered production version of this Australiandesigned
radar that promises to be significantly more capable than comparable
radars in providing anti-ship missile defence for the ANZAC frigates and similar
sized vessels.
“The technology is leading edge, making it a sound investment in Australian
industry and a significant export opportunity.”
Senator Hill said the decision highlighted the Government’s 2000 White Paper
commitment to support high technology projects, foster Australian industry’s
innovative use of advanced technologies and seek opportunities in the global
market.

************************************************************************************
http://www.cea.com.au/news/CEA_AUSPAR_10Jun03.pdf

10 June 2003

AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT INVESTS IN
NEXT GENERATION “ AUSPAR” RADAR

Defence support of the continuing development of a high powered version of CEA
Technologies’ production CEA-FAR Active Phased Array Radar was announced today. This
new family of scalable radars, to be called AUSPAR, provides capabilities well beyond those available in advanced current shipboard radar systems.
CEA Technologies has developed and supplied CEA-FAR radar over the last five years and
this has led to significant breakthroughs in very high power, electronically scanned radar systems.

The AUSPAR family of radars is being developed by a team of engineering and technical
specialists primarily located at CEA’s recently expanded R&D; and manufacturing facilities located in Canberra. The mechanical and thermal aspects of the new high-powered AUSPAR radar design are being progressed in CEA’s other facilities in Adelaide and Melbourne where specialist engineering and manufacturing teams are located. These teams of specialists have solved challenging problems associated with very large and high-power active array faces allowing applications capable of detecting very small objects at thousands of kilometers.

Active phased array radar uses electronic beam forming and scanning processes to dynamically and adaptively coordinate the activity of thousands of individual transmit/receive elements across an array face. These array faces are scalable to meet specific application needs and typically range from 1.5 to more than 6 metres across.
The Minister for Defence, Senator the Hon Robert Hill, recently opened the major extension to CEA’s facilities in Canberra where system design, electronic design, manufacturing and test of CEA’s existing wide range of radar, surveillance and communications products are conducted.

These products are the basis of CEA’s established Export business and support a growing team of specialists across the range of activities required in an advanced and competitive electronic system development and manufacturing environment.
This Government AUSPAR initiative is expected to provide a new level of Export opportunity resulting in continued employment growth and expansion of core engineering and manufacturing activities in CEA’s three development centres and associated regional suppliers.

The manufacturing activity resulting from the export and potential local program opportunities will provide significant work for specialist subcontractors across Australia. This work includes areas such as, printed circuit board manufacture, assembly and test, mechanical and precision machining of antenna and transmit/receive modules, and manufacture of RF and microwave cables and assemblies.

The Canberra-Queanbeyan region is also the home of one of these significant subcontractors, LINTEK Pty. Limited, who supply microwave printed circuit boards of an unmatched precision and repeatability worldwide. CEA uses these PCBs in most of its existing product ranges.

The current CEA-FAR active phased array radar program includes the ongoing demonstration
by Defence of a system scaled to provide significantly enhanced anti-ship missile defence
capability for retrofit and new installations in smaller corvette to frigate sized vessels. This program includes current phases in the Canberra region, demonstrations to be conducted along the Southern Coast of NSW over the next few months, and followed by the installation of the system in a Royal Australian Navy warship.

The announcement today of the Australian Government’s investment in CEA’s new highpowered AUSPAR radar by the Minister for Defence is demonstrable testament to the
Government’s continuing commitment to the principles of the 2000 White Paper in relationship to the essential capability evolution and sustainment provided by a strong Defence-Industry relationship.

This relationship is also demonstrated by the strong team involvement of participants across the Department of Defence and specifically including expertise in the Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO), the policy and project support provided by Defence Material Organisation, Electronic Systems and Industry Divisions, and Defence headquarters personnel.

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Jun16181/index.htm
Korea Picks Aegis For KDX-III Destroyer (June 10)

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Jun16234/index.htm
Lockheed Completes Fourth Aegis For Spanish Frigate
(Source: Lockheed Martin; issued June 11, 2003)
西班牙第四艘神盾艦完工

MD／五角大廈測試海基攔截系統　失敗 2003/06/19 11:11

　記者管淑平／編譯

美國五角大廈18日在太平洋上空進行海基飛彈防禦系統測試，攔截導彈並沒有成功擊中目標模擬彈頭。這是海基飛彈防禦網四次測試中，首度失敗。

五角大廈飛彈防禦署發言人連納宣佈這次測試失敗，表示「我們沒有攔截到。」這次測試是從海軍「伊利湖」巡洋艦神盾武器系統發射標準三型飛彈，攔截從夏威夷可愛島飛彈測試場發射的模擬短程飛彈彈頭。

這次是五角大廈第四次海基系統測試，也是首次失敗，對這項美國軍方最大規模的武器發展計畫來說是一個挫敗。連同陸基系統，過去美國進行的八次測試中已經成功五次。不過批評者稱，軍方在測試中不切實際的操控某些條件因素。

連納說，初步跡象顯示，測試中所使用雷神公司製造的標準三型飛彈有發出「截殺載具」，但是未能擊中目標。不過他也說，要確定問題出在哪，還需要進一步分析，現在談還太早。這次測試目標是評估攔截飛彈的導向系統，他說，「我們在這個非常先進技術的發展計畫上，仍處於相當早期的階段」，「我們會加速測試計畫，也有信心海基攔截系統能提供非常可靠的防禦能力。」

美國總統布希已經下令要在2004年9月30日啟動飛彈防禦系統，防範目標包括目前正因核武問題與美國陷入僵局的北韓。初期階段將在阿拉斯加部署六枚陸基攔截飛彈，加州四枚，2005年三艘配備神盾系統的海軍巡洋艦將有20枚飛彈加入防禦網。

　　一位不願透露姓名的官員稱﹐俄羅斯為印度建造3艘護衛艦的11356工程合同簽署于1997年11月﹐合同價值10億美元。專家認為﹐Talwar號護衛艦先進的武器和戰斗能力完全可以使其成為目前最完美的該級別軍艦。有消息稱﹐Talwar號是俄印度合同中三艘護衛艦中的第一艘﹐根據合同﹐所有產品俄羅斯需完全為印度量身定作﹐消息人士透露﹐Talwar號上連廚房都是完全依照印度人的飲食習慣建造。

　　新護衛艦的排水量為3600噸﹐航速可達30節﹐戰斗能力極強。該艦配備100毫米炮臺､Klub-H導彈發射臺､防空炮位､魚雷管等。此外﹐艦上還配備一架直升機。印度希望該護衛艦能夠使用印度產液壓聲能､導航和通信裝置﹐烏克蘭產渦淪､德國造脫鹽器和冷庫以及荷蘭造柴油發動機。
http://www1.chinesenewsnet.com/MainNews/Topics/zxs_2003-06-18_315058.html

竹根按:特色

GENERAL NIRMAL CHANDRA VIJ, CHIEF OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE INDIAN ARMED
FORCES, IS VISITING RUSSIA TO SETTLE THE LATEST SCANDAL. THE INDIAN NAVY
REFUSES TO ACCEPT TWO PROJECT 1135.6 FRIGATES BOUGHT FROM RUSSIA REFERRING
TO INADEQUATE WEAPONRY.
BODY:

Indias refusal to accept Russian ships means that Russia may lose its
number two place on the list of arms exporters and fail to reach last years
parameters, said Natalia Khmelik, an expert with the Center of Political
Technologies. This episode is not going to affect the Russian-Indian
military-technical cooperation in any serious manner. There will be
negotiations, there will be some modifications. New Delhi wants licenses for
manufacture of Russian weapons more than the weapons as such.Arms contracts
between Russia and India exceed $3.5 billion, most contracts dealing with
SU-30MKI fighters, T-90C tanks, and naval gear.

The frigate saga has been scandalous from the very beginning (see Izvestia
articles dated January 17, 2002, and October 8, 2002). At first, management
of Baltic Shipbuilders in St. Petersburg privatized the enterprise with the
Indian money. Finding itself short of money (over $50 million, according to
some estimates), the shipbuilders tried to get the contract for construction
of two Project 956 destroyers for China ($1.4 billion) from the Severnaya
Verf.

Backed up by then Deputy Premier Ilya Klebanov, Baltic Shipbuilders accused
the rival company of failure to pay the state for the use of two hulls for
similar ships.

Official Beijing hit the roof. It did not like the idea that ships for its
Navy would be bought at the shipbuilders constructing ships for India, and
with Chinese money at that. China threatened to cancel the contract. The
contract returned to the Severnaya Verf. Baltic Shipbuilders did construct
ships for the Indian Navy, with difficulties and eighteen months past the
specified date.

According to an expert of the Russian team that tested the ships and their
weapons, it took the Russians almost six months to sort out the mess with
missiles launched by the ships built for the Indian Navy. Experts eventually
forced the missiles to fly to the target. To tell the truth, they launched
two missiles instead of one. At least one of them flew straight. A
delegation of the Indian Navy turned up, found out that the expenditure of
missiles was double the expected rate, and kicked up a row.

Experts remain optimistic, but Russia finds itself in a delicate position.
New Delhi has not yet made up its mind on the matter of the aircraft carrier
Admiral Gorshkov. According to some reports, India believes that $500
million is too much. According to others, it fears that it will not have a
combat ready aircraft-carrier even were the Admiral Gorshkov bought.

France Press news agency reported Indias rejection of the Russian ships.
France is Russias main rival in the Indian naval market. It will unlikely
end up with the contract, but it may seriously damage Russian exporters
reputations. Israel may make use of the situation too. Military-technical
cooperation with India earned Russia $1 billion last year and Israel $2
billion.

IN THE INTERVIEW, VLADIMIR POSPELOV SPEAKS ABOUT THE STRUCTURE AND POTENTIAL
OF THE RUSSIAN SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY. HE ALSO RAISES THE ISSUE OF
ENTERPRISES STATUS AND THEIR EXPORT POTENTIAL AND PROJECTS.

BODY:
(...)

Question: What is the sector like, as a segment of the Russian defense industry? What tasks does it solve in the context of ensuring national security?

Vladimir Pospelov: The Russian shipbuilding sector comprises 170 enterprises and organizations with various forms of ownership, employing over 220,000 people. The sub-sector ship building and repair comprises 65 enterprises and organization, vessel engineering and electrical engineering - 43, marine instrument-making - 56, and other fields - 6. The basis for the shipbuilding industrys scientific and technological potential is made up of 56 scientific-technical and design organizations concentrating on key lines of scientific research and experimental design work: 21 on boatbuilding and shipbuilding; 22 on marine instrument-making; and 13 on vessel engineering and electrical engineering. (...)

Question: What is the sectors potential to build modern military ships?

Vladimir Pospelov: The Russian shipbuilding industry can build all types of vessels and ships with a maximum displacement up to 100,000 tons. Large vessels and ships are built and repaired at the building berths of Baltiysky Zavod and the Admiralty Shipyard in St. Petersburg, as well as the slipways of Severodvinsk enterprises. Another 24 plants have building berths that are 100 to 200 meters long. (...)

The main developer of submarines built for export is the Rubin Central Marine Technology Design Bureau based in St. Petersburg; the year before last, it celebrated its 100th anniversary. The St. Petersburg Malakhit Marine Engineering Bureau also offers its solutions for exports; it designed the small submarine Piranha (design 865), which is quite well known, and a number of other ships.

We also have unique enterprises like Sevmashpredpriyatiye in Severodvinsk. This is the worlds largest military shipbuilding complex that allows creating hardware of any complexity. There is the Krylov Central Scientific Research Institute - the head scientific center of shipbuilding that has no counterparts as to the complex of tasks it solves and its equipment.

Organizations designing surface ships, as well as submarines, are mainly focused in St. Petersburg. These are the Nevskoe Design Bureau that designs aircraft carriers; the Severnoye Design Bureau developing key classes of destroyers; and the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau that designs a broad range of ships and vessels - from corvettes and battleships to mine sweepers and support vessels.

Surface battleship exports are handled currently by enterprises based in St. Petersburg: Baltiysky Zavod supplies frigates; Severnaya Verf - destroyers; and Almaz supplies hovercraft-landing boats. Rybinsk-based Vympel exports battleships.

Question: What organizations of the branch have a status of state scientific centers of the Russian Federation?

Vladimir Pospelov: We have several such centers. These are the Krylov Institute; the Prometey Central Scientific Research Institute; Central Scientific Research Institute of Shipbuilding Technology; the Elektropribor Central Scientific Research Institute; the Andreyev Akustichesky Institute, and the Gidropribor Central Scientific Research Institute. The Avrora Scientific Production Association and the Granit Scientific Production Association have a status of state scientific production centers of the Russian Federation.

The aggregate number of research fellows in the shipbuilding industry as of 2002 was about 30,000 people. (...)

Question: Lets dwell on the problem of Russian ship exports.

Vladimir Pospelov: (...) The highest demand on the worlds naval hardware market is for submarines, frigates, corvettes, and battle and patrol boats. Russia is a world submarine export leader; it supplies submarines to the navies of 14 states around the world. (...)

Today, we build submarines of the 877 and 636 designs. These are among the quietest submarines available. National plants also handle repair and upgrading of previously built submarines of a similar type, notably increasing the combat potential of submarines.

Underway is the construction of a new generation submarine, Amur. Submarines offered for export meet the best foreign analogues and even surpass them in a number of properties. Underway is also design of several submarine modifications with air independent power systems. This will make it possible to increase their navigation autonomy and in fact, this will significantly raise the potential of non-nuclear submarines.

Commissioning the frigate at a colourful ceremony in the presence of Indias Ambassador to Moscow Krishnan Raghunath and Chief of Russian Naval Staff Admiral Kuroyedev, Singh declared that the Talwar will be the sharpest sword of the Indian Navy.

He said the commissioning represented the beginning of a new era of joint production of naval equipment by India and Russia.

The induction of Talwar ended months of suspense over the delivery of these ships. The three warships were to be inducted in the Indian Navy almost 18 months ago but this delivery was delayed as Indian Navy refused to take possession of the warships after one its main armament, surface-to-air Shipil missile failed during test flight.

India had signed a USD 900 million deal with Russia in 1997 for acquisition of three Krivak-class stealth frigates from Russia.

The Krivak class warship would give Indian Navy a greater punch in the high seas as they are equipped with surface-to-air, ship-to-ship and ship-to-land missiles.

The Indian Navy is the first Navy after the Russian Navy to induct the stealth class warships, which would later be modified to be equipped with supersonic cruise missiles, Bramhos.

----------------
Russian missiles launched in joint exercise
(Janes Missiles and Rockets, 1 July 2003)
印俄演習包括發射俄國巡弋飛彈
Russian naval exercises held in the Indian Ocean in late May included the use of cruise missiles launched from long-range bombers against targets located by surface warships, writes David C Isby. The exercise was integrated with INDRA 2003, a joint Russian-Indian exercise that started on 20-21 May, and a Strategic Rocket Forces command post exercise. It had been postponed due to coalition air and naval operations in support of the conflict in Iraq. The Indian Ocean portion of the exercise was the first joint Indian-Russian exercise since 1993. Nine Russian warships (including two submarines) from both the Black Sea and Pacific fleets deployed to the Indian Ocean for the exercise, constituting its biggest presence there since the end of the Cold War. The Russian ships deployed in two separate squadrons. That from the Black Sea, under deputy fleet commander Vice Admiral Yevgeny Orlov, exercised with Indias Western Fleet in the Arabian Sea on 14-25 May before joining the Pacific Fleet ships, under Rear Admiral Vladimir Pepelyaev, in exercising with Indias Eastern Fleet in the Bay of Bengal. The Russian ships arrived at the port of Vishakhapatnam on 29 May.

The second phase of the exercise included anti-submarine warfare, with an Indian submarine acting as the threat. The exercise concluded on 5 June. A further joint exercise is scheduled for August. The missile-armed Russian ships included the Slava-class guided-missile cruiser Moskva, the Udaloy-class destroyers Admiral Panteleyev and Marshal Shaposhnikov, the Kashin-class destroyer Smetlivy, the Krivak-class frigate Pytlivy and the landing ship Tsezar Kunikov (all from the Black Sea Fleet) and the Boris Chilikin-class replenishment ship Vladimir Kolochsitsky from the Pacific Fleet. The major air component of the exercise was a mission to the Indian Ocean by two Tu-160 Blackjack-A bombers of the 21st Guards Bomber Regiment and four Tu-95MS Bear-H bombers of the 184th Bomber Regiment, both based at Engels airbase in Saratov oblast as part of the 22nd Air Division. Refuelled by three Il-78 Midas tankers from Ivanov airbase, the bombers flew a 12-hour, 10,000km round trip between Engels and the Indian Ocean. This mission started the live-fire portion of the exercise at 1200hrs (Moscow time) on 14 May. Two of the Tu-95MS Bear-H bombers fired cruise missiles (not identified but apparently Raduga Kh-65SE Kent) at targets on an Indian target range. Russian surface warships carried out targeting.

Each bomber fired a cruise missile - reported to have been launched at the maximum range of 3,000km - at training targets. Both targets reportedly were hit. The surface ships also performed a battle-damage assessment after the cruise-missile attack. Russian Defence Minister Sergei Ivanov called attention to the co-operation between long-range strategic bombers and forward-deployed warships in distant oceans. He claimed that: These kinds of operations were not conducted in the Soviet era. He said the new adjustment methods, given the absence of any points of reference on the water surface, were developed to launch long-range cruise missiles. The launches showed that these methods work excellently. Concurrently with the mission to the Indian Ocean, eight Tu-22M3 Backfire bombers carried out a strike mission over the target ranges at Guryanovo in Saratov oblast and Vladimirovka in Astrakhan oblast. Participation by the 37th Air Force (Russias long-range aviation command) in the exercise included four Tu-160s, nine Tu-95MSs, 12 Tu-22M3s and four Il-78s. In the naval live-fire segment of the exercise on 16 May, the Russian ships fired surface-to-air missiles and anti-ship cruise missiles. Indian ships carried out live missile firings on 22-23 May.

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Jun16294/index.htm
SSES Conducting Technology Demonstration on Potential Submarine Fuel Cell Technology
(Source: US Naval Sea Systems Command; issued June 16, 2003)

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Jun16293/index.htm
NAVSEA Launches ‘One Shipyard’ Communications Initiative
(Source: US Naval Sea Systems Command; issued June 16, 2003)

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Jun16318/index.htm
Time For Vessel Number Two In The Visby Series

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Jun16380/index.htm
Lockheed Contracts with KDA For Korean Destroyer Program

http://news.yam.com/cna/international/news/200306/200306200028.html
美宣佈第四次海上飛彈攔截試驗失敗

（中央社記者劉坤原華盛頓十九日專電）美國飛彈防禦署（MDA）今天發佈新聞指出，美國昨天從太平洋伊利湖號神盾巡洋艦上，發射一枚三節標準3型飛彈（SM-3），目標是攔截從夏威夷考艾島太平洋飛彈發射基地發射的白羊(Aries)彈道飛彈，但任務失敗。

在發射SM3飛彈進行編號FM5的攔截試驗之前，MDA表示，FM5的任務是測試SM3在利用升級的固定轉向及傾斜控制系統後，飛彈彈頭在太空中的導引、飛行及控制情形。

攔截試驗失敗後，MDA表示，彈頭欺敵機制成功發揮，SM3攔截任務失敗。

FM5是美軍進行自海上發射彈道飛彈攔截短、中程彈道飛彈的一系列共六次試驗中的第四次，前面三次都順利成功攔截。

Death rays, phasers, photon torpedoes and weapons that can instantaneously vaporise adversaries, without leaving a trace, are typically the subject of science fiction films. But what seemed far-fetched not too long ago is now on the cusp of reality, as the US Navy (USN) forges ahead with programmes aimed at introducing a range of electric weapons - electromagnetic (EM) rail guns, high-energy lasers (HELs) and high-power microwaves - into the not-too-distant future fleet. If successful, these look to generate what some have called a revolution at sea akin to the change from sail to steam.

These speed of light weapons and electric-enabled weapons offer the promise to fundamentally change the nature of war at and from the sea, Rear Adm Jay Cohen, Chief of Naval Research, said in an interview in mid-June 2003.

With the USNs commitment to installing integrated power systems (IPS) and integrated electric drive in the next class of warships, beginning with DD(X), and the happy confluence of several disparate streams of research, development and engineering, the stage has been set for the transformation in warfighting that the George W Bush administration seeks: to leap a generation of weapons.

Indeed, the establishment in early 2002 of the Naval Directed Energy Weapons Program Office (PMS-405) in the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) to oversee the development of electric weapons, and the expansion of the programme offices portfolio in late 2002 to include EM rail guns, mark a turning point in the services commitment to achieving a unified vision.

As Chief of Naval Operations, Adm Vern Clark outlined to the Commander, NAVSEA, Vice Adm Phillip Balisle, in November 2002: I am directing NAVSEA to redesignate PMS-405 [as] the Navy Electric Weapons Office [since then renamed as the Naval Directed Energy and Electric Weapons Program Office], and incorporate within it an electromagnetic weapons division responsible for managing the full-scale proof-of-concept rail gun... PMS-405 will also be responsible for co-ordinating with other programme offices (especially Program Executive Office [PEO] Ships and PEO Integrated Warfare Systems) to ensure that DD(X) and follow-on IPS ships are designed to the maximum extent feasible, to accommodate forward [fit] and backfit of high-power electric weapons.

The advent of directed-energy weapons [DEW] and electromagnetic rail guns has the potential for revolutionising warship design and operations, underscored Rear Adm Mike Mathis, a former commander of the Naval Surface Warfare Center, now Director, Joint Theater Air and Missile Defense Organization. There will be no need for explosives on board, and the concept of a magazine will have to be rethought... the impact will ripple throughout the ship and the navy.

DEWs include lasers, microwave radiation emitters and particle beam accelerators. Unlike conventional weapons that rely on kinetic or chemical energy (or both) to destroy a target, DEWs damage or destroy targets by depositing energy - photons or particles travelling at or near the speed of light, about 300,000km/s - on them. Because a DEW beam can travel great distances almost instantaneously, the challenge of tracking and intercepting targets is greatly reduced, while the ability of a target to evade the weapons effect is likewise significantly diminished.

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http://www.janes.com/defence/air_forces/news/idr/idr030613_1_n.shtml
FITS on four platforms: MPA family grows MPA family grows

By Mark Daly

The trend for military aircraft to grow heavier, more complex and vastly more expensive with each new generation is regarded as inevitable, but in the realm of maritime patrol aircraft (MPA) lies an opportunity to reverse that trend, according to Spains EADS CASA, manufacturer of the C-295 and CN-235 Persuader family of aircraft.

Maximum take-off weight of the twin turboprop C-295 Persuader is 23,200kg compared to the typical 61,000kg of a Lockheed Martin P-3C, but EADS CASA argues that 90% of maritime patrol missions can be handled by the smaller aircraft, which is still capable of staying on task for 10 hours at 200nm range.

The C-295 MSA [Maritime Surveillance Aircraft]/MPA first flew in 2001, equipped with a suite of anti-submarine mission sensors and EADS CASAs own Fully Integrated Tactical System (FITS), which has generated orders in its own right. The requirement for an MPA to carry 5t of weapons at high speed out to 1,000nm, and then be capable of patrolling for hours, generated designs such as the Lockheed Martin P-3, the BAE Systems Nimrod and the Dassault Alantique, but the requirement to hunt Russian nuclear submarines in mid-Atlantic has faded with the end of the Cold War. A more pressing need is to counter the activities of small, diesel electric submarines in littoral operations and handle what are essentially police duties such as counter-narcotics operations or the control of illegal immigration.

Operators of powerful 60t or 80t MPAs are unlikely to concede that these aircraft are dinosaurs and will always seek to maintain and preserve their exceptional capabilities, but the reality is that no heavyweight MPA designs are currently in series production. Programs to replace or remanufacture dedicated MPAs have proved expensive and abortive or problematic and subject to delay.

The full spectrum of missions ranges from Exclusive Economic Zone protection, search and rescue and maritime surveillance through to high-end military operations such as anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and anti-surface warfare. A customer might wish to select a platform from a range of aircraft - choosing the simplest platform that can do the job - and then closely tailor it by means of FITS, which couples the sensor suite to operator consoles. FITS is at the heart of all of EADS CASAs maritime patrol designs.

The C-295 and CH-235 Persuader airframes are derived from well established military transports. Airframes earmarked for maritime patrol receive special anti-corrosion treatment early on the production line.

Although the C-295 represents the top of the range, the CN-235 is by no means overshadowed by its big brother. It was the FITS-equipped CN-235-300, also dubbed Persuader in its maritime configuration, that was selected under the designation HC-235 for the US Coast Guards Deepwater Program as part of the Lockheed Martin/Northrop Grumman ICGS (Integrated Coast Guard Systems) joint venture. The first nine of 35 aircraft are required by the end of 2005. Orders for the first two were placed in May.

The breakthrough selection for the C-295 came in 2001 when the United Arab Emirates agreed to buy four aircraft; the final contract signature is expected this year.

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Jun16398/index.htm
Bluefin Tested In Waters Around Naval Station Ingleside
(Source: US Navy; issued June 19, 2003)

INGLESIDE, Texas --- A handful of onlookers got a sneak preview of the future of mine warfare, June 10, aboard USS Falcon (MHC 59). What they saw was a demonstration of an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) being operated from an Osprey-class coastal mine hunting ship.

Bill Schopfel, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) demonstration manager, stated that placing emerging technologies in the hands of Sailors during demonstrations was a means of getting better equipment into the hands our fleet operators faster. He explained that the work aboard Falcon was just the beginning of a two-year experimentation program designed to determine the feasibility of employing unmanned underwater vehicles in conjunction with the ships organic sensors.

If successful, the vehicle, known as Battlespace Preparation Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (BPAUV), should reduce the vulnerability to critical mine countermeasure ships, and help shorten the tactical time-line associated with surface mine-hunting.

“The Navy is always looking for faster, less expensive and safer ways of doing mine warfare,” said Falcon Commanding Officer, Lt. Cmdr. Dave Glenister.

He added that being involved with the proof of concept demonstration was good for his crew, which launched and recovered the vehicle flawlessly.

“We welcomed this opportunity with open arms,” Glenister continued. “It shows our Sailors that the Navy is serious about mine warfare ­ and they get to be a part of that. Besides ­ it’s just plain fun.”

The BPAUV weighs 800 pounds (1,000 wet), is 122 inches long, 21 inches wide, is powered by lithium polymer batteries and has an operational speed of 3 knots. The vehicle, once launched by crane from the mine warfare vessel, is an autonomous vehicle that travels on a preset course loaded into its program. With its side scan sonar, the BPAUV is able to detect and classify mine-like contacts in advance of the ship.

The demonstration was conducted over a two-week period in the Corpus Christi Operating Area. The crew of Falcon employed the BPAUV in several different mine warfare missions designed to demonstrate the feasibility of operating from a surface mine countermeasures (SMCM) platform and to evaluate increased mission effectiveness in terms of time and risk.

According to Royal Navy Lt. Paul Guiver, project officer for the SMCM/UUV Acquisition Program, the demonstration of the Bluefin Robotics technology provides a look at just one of several systems being considered by the U.S. Navy. Tests on a similar smaller vehicle, REMUS, are being conducted aboard USS Pelican (MHC 53).

Chuck Laughinghouse, who provides operational support to ONR demonstrations commented, “Unmanned underwater vehicles are the wave of the future of mine warfare. Keeping mine warfare assets out of the minefield is just over the horizon,” he stressed.

Bob Grieve, of Bluefin Robotics, helped conceive and design the current vehicle for the Navy in an amazing 11-month period. He’s pleased with the way the system has been working in a series of tests leading up to the June 10 demonstration. “We’re getting great user feedback,” he said. “Input from the Sailors is helping us determine what changes are needed.”

The initiative was conceived by the Commander, Mine Warfare Command and the Chief of Naval Operations.

-ends-

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http://www.defense-aerospace.com/data/communiques/data/2003Jun16393/index.htm
Lockheed Pushes MMA Maritime Solution (June 20)

Lockheeds MMA Solution Is Right For Many Countries

美國官員今天澄清，美國並未要求西班牙協助台灣建造潛艦。

日前曾有媒體報導，美國總統布希與西班牙總理艾茲納月前峰會時表示，希望西班牙協助美國，承造美國前年同意出售給台灣的八艘柴油動力潛艇。但美國官員今天否認此事。

消息人士透露，國防部副部長林中斌日前在華府多次會議中，曾提出台灣購買二手潛艦的想法。而美國副國防部長伍佛維茨則向林中斌表示，台北不論買新潛艦或舊潛艦，美國都會支持。

但美軍太平洋司令部的評估報告基於其本身的作戰需求，曾反對台灣取得潛艦，許多美國官員也認為潛艦並非台灣的當務之急。這次立法院長王金平率團來訪，美方也不預期主動提潛艦案。

部份美方人士認為，潛艦並非台灣當務之急，主要原因是，潛艦最主要的功能在於具潛在的攻擊能力，因而有嚇阻效果。而台灣所需的反潛能力主要在於反潛機，並不需以潛艦從事反潛。

官員估計台灣取得新潛艦至少仍需十年時間，而總價可能高達一百多億美元，因此美方官員甚至認為，台灣不如用此經費來加強迫切需要的飛彈防衛及反潛能力。

美國國防部長辦公室亞太安全首席主任邰瑪莉，三月訪台時也曾強調台灣需要加強飛彈防衛及反潛能力，而並未提潛艦案。

而美軍太平洋司令部反對台灣取得潛艦，是因潛艦的敵我極難辨識，為避免在戰時發生誤擊，不希望台灣取得潛艦。

The ship, named INS Trishul, was being cmmissioned at St Petersburg today by Vice-Admiral Arun Prakash Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Western Naval Command.

The ships crew have been involved in all the pre-commissioning trials of the vessel, including checks on the effectiveness of its machinery and weapon systems. It is only after the successful completion of these trials that the ship has been declared ready for commissioning, an official release here said.

INS Trishul will show the Indian tricolour in various European and African nations during its maiden passage and would go round the Cape of Good Hope before finally joining the Western Fleet at Mumbai port.

UNI

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無網址
ITAR-TASS News Agency
Russia expects naval show to help increase exports
俄國海軍秀
ST. PETERSBURG, June 25
The 1st international naval show opened in St. Petersburg on Wednesday.

The show will be a muster of world shipbuilding achievements, said Vladimir Pospelov, director-general of the Russian Shipbuilding Agency.

He said 319 organizations and enterprises, including 53 foreign companies, take part in the show.

In the first half of 2003, the naval component accounted for 40 percent of Russias arms experts, as against 19 percent last year, the chief of the Russian State Committee on International Military-Technical Cooperation, Deputy Defense Minister Mikhail Dmitry told a news conference devoted to the opening the show.

We expect that the show will give another impulse for an increase in the volume of exports and expansion of the geography of sales of products of the Russian military-industrial complex, Dmitriyev said.

The international naval show will be officially opened on June 26, when flags of participating states will be flown.

The director-general of the Russian Shipbuilding Agency, Vladimir Pospelov, said at the conference that all leading sea states take part in the show - Germany, France, Britain, Brazil and China, a total of 30 delegations and 177 foreign observers.

The show will be opened through June 29.

Victor Yevteyev, chief of the marketing service of the 1st Central
Research Institute of the Defense Ministry; Lev Zagorulko, senior staff
scientist at the 1st Central Research Institute of the Defense Ministry

IN THE NEXT DECADE IT IS ADVISABLE TO CONSIDER THE MARKET OF PATROL BOATS AS
BEING THE MOST PROSPECTIVE FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE VOLUME OF
DELIVERIES, THE NUMBER OF IMPORTERS, AND ORGANIZATION OF LICENSED PRODUCTION
ABROAD.

Patrol warships and boats designed for border protection, detaining
trespassers, and protecting biological resources present the biggest class
of warships. (...) At present the total number of patrol boats exceeds 4,000
(around 50% of the total number of warships in the worlds Navies). (...)

The diapason of water displacement of patrol warships and boats fluctuates
from several to 6,000 tons; the maximum speed varies from 10 to 65 knots.
Such a spread in values is explained by a wide range of tasks, which patrol
boats handle. (...)

In the next decade it is advisable to consider the market of patrol boats as
being the most prospective from the point of view of the volume of
deliveries, the number of importers, and organization of licensed production
abroad.

It is necessary to take into consideration importers growing requirements
when planning export deliveries. It is advisable to improve patrol boats
navigability, endurance, cruising range, habitability, and ecological
safety.

Better navigability can be achieved by means of giving up the idea of using
high-speed shapes of the hull. Designers currently prefer wide hulls with a
wide transom stern, which makes it possible to move at a speed of 24 knots
in category four seas. Speed boat hulls have a deep-V shape, which reduces
vertical acceleration and impact loads.

Light artillery complexes (20-40 mm) and machine-guns (14.5 mm, 12.7 mm, and
7.62 mm) are basic weapons of patrol boats.

Diesel and combined (diesel engine plus a gas-turbine engine) engines remain
the main type of the power unit. The popularity of diesel engines is based
on such properties as high readiness to action, maneuverability, and
compactness, insubstantial sensitivity to the impact of the environment,
reliability, and easy maintenance. (...)

Russian producers of patrol boats can offer a wide range of boats. The
spectrum of offers by Russian design bureaus and producers can satisfy the
needs of any importer.

For instance, small speed boats designed for solving tasks near the shore
are represented by the Mangust (project 12150; Almaz design bureau),
projects 18620, 18623, and 18627 (Redan design bureau), and the A51-4 (the
Naval Systems Department of the Sukhoi design bureau). Its more advisable
to use the Sobol (project 12200) and the Mirazh (project 14310) created by
the Almaz design bureau, the A51-6, and project 14230 for protecting
territorial waters. The Svetlyak (project 10410), project 20970P, the
Scorpio (Project 12300), and the PS-500 (Northern design bureau) ensure the
protection of the economic zone and the sea-shelf.

Speed boats based on the principle of the bottom air cavern and winged
surface effect vehicles can make a substantial technological breakthrough in
the effectiveness of patrol service. The main advantages of speed boats
based on dynamic principles are as follows:

- higher speed;

- relatively high navigability (speed boat with hydrofoils);

- the possibility of entering areas, which ordinary ships cannot enter
(amphibian air-cushioned speed boats and winged surface effect vehicles).

Russian designers can offer a range of such projects:

- project 12271 air-cushioned patrol boat (Almaz central design bureau);

- the Argus patrol boat (project 20980; the Zelenodolsk design bureau);

- the Sapsan, Gaskon, and Filin patrol boats with hydrofoils (Zelenodolsk
design bureau);

- the Chaika-2 patrol winged surface effect vehicle (project 08910).